Movement part 2 (II)

Question 1

corticobulbar tract

Answer 1

controls movements of face, tongue, and eye muscles (all movement of face)

Question 2

trigeminal

Answer 2

CN5
move face
LMN for corticobulbar

Question 3

facial

Answer 3

CN7
move face muscles
LMN for corticobulbar

Question 4

glossopharyngeal

Answer 4

CN9
throat
LMN for corticobulbar

Question 5

vagus

Answer 5

CN10
throat and palate
LMN for corticobulbar

Question 6

Spinal accessory

Answer 6

CN11
neck and shoulder muscles
LMN for corticobulbar

Question 7

hypoglossal

Answer 7

CN12
tongue
LMN for corticobulbar

Question 8

cerebral cortex

Answer 8

controls body muscles via commands sent through corticospinal system

Question 9

lateral corticospinal tract

Answer 9

• corticospinal system

- movements of distal limbs

Question 10

ventral corticospinal tract

Answer 10

• corticospinal system

- movements of upper legs, trunk, arms

Question 11

which tract is important for locomotion and posture?

Answer 11

ventral corticospinal

Question 12

chorea

Answer 12

• brief, involuntary movement

- HD

Question 13

dystonia

Answer 13

• abnormal postures

- HD

Question 14

HD

Answer 14

degeneration of striatal MSNs containing dopamine D2 receptors

Question 15

inhibition for HD

Answer 15

GABA

Question 16

excitation for HD

Answer 16

glutamate

Question 17

PD

Answer 17

loss of nigrostriatal DA projection

Question 18

tremor

Answer 18

• shaking

- PD

Question 19

bradykinesia

Answer 19

• slow movement or inability to produce movement at all

- PD

Question 20

Rigidity

Answer 20

• results in shuffling of feet to move

- PD

Question 21

cerebellum

Answer 21

• receives information from the motor cortex about an intended movement.
• determines the timing of muscular contractions

Question 22

the cerebellum uses information from the vestibular system to…

Answer 22

1. maintain posture and balance
2. refine movements
3. control eye movements that compensate for head movements

Question 23

motor sequences

Answer 23

supplementary motor area

Question 24

begins programming movement

Answer 24

premotor cortex

Question 25

uses information about body and world to select movement and target

Answer 25

prefrontal cortex

Question 26

modulation/smoothing

Answer 26

cerebellum

Question 27

movement execution

Answer 27

primary motor cortex

Question 28

body information such as limb positions

Answer 28

primary somatosensory cortex

Question 29

body part locations

Answer 29

posterior parietal cortex

Question 30

as movement proceeds, cerebellum receives proprioceptive signals about the actual motor performance from the vestibular system

Answer 30

cerebellum

Question 31

receives a copy of movement plan that muscles will receive from motor cortex

Answer 31

cerebellum

Question 32

sends corrective signals to cortex and brainstem when there are errors or deviation from the original plan

Answer 32

cerebellum