movements Flashcards
(18 cards)
The English Renaissance (1500-1670) - Literary Devices
sonnets - expressive of a single thought, idea/sentiment, normally about love (14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, definite rhyme-scheme of 3 quatrains followed by a couplet
The English Renaissance (1500-1670) - Poets
Thomas Wyatt Philip Sidney Edmund Spenser Shakespeare Marlowe
The English Renaissance (1500-1670) - Themes/Subjects
Humanism
Religion - ‘Classical pre-occupation’
socially open Elizabethan era enabled poets to write about human as well as godly importance
Metaphysical Poets
(1600s) - literary devices
sought to minimise their place within the poem and look beyond the obvious
‘Conceit’ - an ingenious or fanciful comparison or metaphor
Metaphysical Poets
(1600s) - poets
Samuel Cowley John Donne George Herbert Andrew Marvell Abraham Cowley Henry Vaughan George Chapman Edward Herbert Katherine Philips
Metaphysical Poets
(1600s) - themes
Nature
Philosophy
Love
departure from primarily religious poetry that had followed the end of the Elizabethan period
Romantic Poets
(1798-1837) - literary devices
sought free and personal expression of passion, pathos and personal feelings
challenged their readers to open their minds and imaginations
‘The Sublime’ - a term conveying the feelings people experience when they see awesome landscapes or are overwhelmed with emotion
Romantic Poets
(1798-1837) - poets
Blake (Christian) Wordsworth (Naturalist) Coleridge (CofE) Byron P.B. Shelley (Atheist) Keats Thomas Hood all held differing views, which they clashed over
Romantic Poets
(1798-1837) - themes
Nature - ‘the finest means of exploring beauty’
the relationships that we build with nature and others define our lives, natural laws and forces operating in the world (as opposed to supernatural and spiritual)
Liberty
emphasis on the importance of the individual, denouncing the exploitation of the poor - tended to support French Revolution but the bloody reign of terror that followed it profoundly affected their views
Emotions
renounced Enlightenment - disagreed with views on Rationalism, saw it to be creating an oppressive and conformist regime
Victorian Poetry (1837-1901) - literary devices
tend to be funnier than the Romantics and include more whimsical nonsense
increased use of the sonnet as a poetic form
Victorian Poetry (1837-1901) - poets
Matthew Arnold Thomas Hood Tennyson Robert Browning Christina Rossetti EB Browning Edward Lear Rudyard Kipling Bronte sisters Oscar Wilde emergence of female poets
Victorian Poetry (1837-1901) - themes
Skepticism
distrust of organised religion, interest in the occult and the mysterious - but more likely to have a scientific conviction of God’s absence unlike Romantics
Development of the Arts
spiritual exploration - revolted against a culture that they thought was too puritanical, and an education system that they thought was overly intellectual
Modernist poetry (1910-1965) - literary devices
explores increasingly sophisticated avant-garde themes and structures
often placed in a somewhat mythical context with a nostalgia for the past
speaker may be uncertain about his or her own ontological bearings
feelings of fragmentation and alienation, which often led to a more pessimistic and bleak outlook of life
liberating free verse, jazz, academia
Modernist poetry (1910-1965) - poets
T.S. Eliot W.B Yeats W.H. Auden E.E. Cummings D.H. Lawrence Wilfred Owen Sylvia Plath Philip Larkin
Modernist poetry (1910-1965) - themes
Avant-Garde
rejects tradition, political, social and economic issues
Existentialism
wrestles with the fundamental question of ‘self’
Alienation
rise of cities, profound technological changes in transportation, architecture and engineering, a rising population that caused chaos in public spaces and the growing sense of mass market made people feel less individual
Disenfranchisement
Wanderlust
Creative Expression
desire to live life as people defined it
Postmodernism (1965 - Today) - literary devices
retreats into the writer’s consciousness
denies authority to the author, discounting the author’s intentions and claim to act as a spokesperson for a period
multiple endings, arguing that meaning is indeterminate
mixing of genres, very aware of literary criticism
employs material from a wide social spectrum
Postmodernism (1965 - Today) - poets
John Ashbery Frank O’Hara Barbara Guest Charles Bernstein Andrew Levy Jackson MacLow Michael Basinski Susan Howe Kenneth Goldsmith Robert Grenier George Hartley Carol-Ann Duffy
Postmodernism (1965 - Today) - themes
‘Iconoclasm’
aggressive statements or actions against a well-established status quo (developed in reaction to the feeling that poetry was stagnating, becoming restrained and appearing backward-looking)
Socio-political commentary
