movements for change 2025 ush Flashcards
(19 cards)
Black Panther Party
political organization created by college students with the purpose of patrolling African American neighborhoods to protect them from police brutality. Significance: helped African Americans feel empowered
Malcolm X
African American leader who wanted to end systemic racism, achieve true equality, and believed black people should fight back without nonviolent protests. Significance: challenged US to confront racism and showed division and unequalness in the nation
Cesar Chavez and the UFW
a civil rights activists for farm workers in California, aimed to improve working conditions and bring awareness about pay, and formed the UFW and used nonviolent protests to get laws passed supporting the cause. Significance: helped pass California Agricultural Labor Relations Act, leading to better pay and working conditions for farm workers
National Organization for Women
largest feminist group of America, still exist today, dedicated to fighting for full gender equality and against discrimination in every aspect of society. Significance: large impact on feminist movements through history through advocating for major legislative changes, such as the Equal Rights Amendment of 1973.
Freedom Riders
civil rights activists who travelled through American South and challenged laws by riding buses with intermixed white and black passengers, faced violence from white supremacists. Significance: attractted attention of Kennedy Administration
Disability Movement
movement during the 1960s aimed to get equal rights and full inclusion for people with disabilities by fighting to end segregation and neglect by government. Significance: showed how activism could shape national policy and aid expansion of civil rights
Bull Connor
successful politician and white supremacist, Commissioner of Public Safety of Birmingham, Alabama, used hoses and violence against civil rights demonstrators. Significance: racial intolerance and enforcement of legal racial segregation
Orangeburg Massacre
riot that was started at South Carolina State after outrage of college students being denied bowling access because of race, which caused 3 students to be killed and 27 to be injured. Significance: shows how there’s still many problems regarding race, and allowed for more movements to be started.
Birmingham Church Bombing
In 1963, KKK bombed church, which resulted in 4 girls killed and many injured. Significance: church was a headquarter for rallies and civil rights, but it got destroyed
Letter From a Birmingham Jail
letter written by MLK jr. when in prison for violating Alabama’s laws against mass public demonstrations, responded to criticism from Birmingham clergymen, exposed their hypocrisy and defended nonviolent protests. Significance: sparked protests among people, President Kennedy passed Civil Rights Act in 1964
Gloria Steinem
a journalist and feminist who spoke out on issues, and used her platform to reach large audiences and promote their freedom. Significance: inspired women in communities in many ways and allowed them to have a voice.
Free Speech Movement
Students from UC Berkeley protested on the university’s restrictions on political activities on campus to gain freedom of speech for students and open political activities. Significance: allowed freedom of speech to be implemented as official university policy, influenced several other universities and other social movements
University Teach-ins Against the Vietnam War
Instead of striking, professors held a lecture about Vietnam War at UC Berkeley to save them from draft, have a say on situation publicly and protest in a nonviolent way while addressing what was happening in Vietnam. Significance: paved way for more freedom of speech and rights
COINTELPRO
(Counterintelligence Program) led by FBI to combat Communist Party dissidents, targeting “black nationalist hate groups” and leaders, wanted to expose, disrupt, etc radical fight for black rights. Significance: showed American government’s discriminatory desire to squash perceived rising threats against them
1968 Mexico City Olympic Protest
Smith and Carlos won gold and bronze in the 200 m at the Olympics, and raised their fits on the podium, which represent African American suffering and pride, but this caused their medals to be taken away. Significance: exposed racial inequality of the US
Abbie Hoffman and the Yippies
he was a social activist and leader of the Yippies, a group of political hippies who fought against the “absurdity” in the US government with absurd media stunts. Significance: highlighted flaws and brought attention to them in a way that attracted attention
Chicago Seven Case
in September 1969, 8 anti-war activists were accused and charged for conspiracy and inciting a riot at the 1968 Democratic National Convention, which caused 5 of the accused being convicted and sent to jail for five years with fines. Significance: proved divide in American society during 1960s, highlight clash between government authority and growing civil unrest and anti war movements.
Muhammad Ali
one of the most famous boxers of all time, known for strong Vietnam War views and support for black rights. Significance: changed social norms and fought for black rights in America
Anti-War Movement
students, civil right leaders, veterans protest US’s involvement in Vietnam War, thought it was unjust and costly. Significance: influenced public’s opinion and pressured politicians to end Vietnam War involvement, showing power of citizens
