Movements of the Body

Question 1

Answer 1

The anatomical position of the body is one where we stand and the anterior surface (face side) of the body is seen. The palms of the hands are facing forward. Therefore the anterior surface of the hands are also in view. The fifth digit of the hand (little finger) is next to the leg.

Question 2

Answer 2

Anterior or Ventral

-toward or nearer to the front of the body

Question 3

Answer 3

Posterior or Dorsal

-toward or nearer to the back of the body.

Question 4

Answer 4

-The back of the hand is the dorsal** or **posterior surface

Question 5

Answer 5

-The palm of the hand is the palmar**, **ventral, volar or anterior surface

Question 6

Answer 6

The top of the foot is referred to as the dorsal** or **posterior surface

Question 7

Answer 7

The bottom of the foot is the anterior** or **ventral or plantar surface

Question 8

Answer 8

Supine

-lying on the back resulting in the anterior surface of the body in view

Question 9

Answer 9

Prone

-lying on the stomach resulting in the posterior surface of the body in view

Question 10

Answer 10

Proximal

-Nearer the point of attachment, the closest to the center of the body. This is the only term that should be used for the extremities

Question 11

Answer 11

Distal

-Farther from the center of the body. This is the only term that should be used for the extremities

Question 12

Answer 12

Medial

-Pertaining to the middle, midline, inside

Question 13

Answer 13

Lateral

-Pertaining to the outside

Question 14

Answer 14

Inferior

-below or lower than another structure, toward the soles of the feet. This term is used in reference to the trunk area of the body

Question 15

Answer 15

Superior

-refers to the structure being closer to the head or above or higher than another structure. This term is used in reference to the trunk area of the body

Question 16

Answer 16

Elevation

-upward/superior movement of the clavicle and scapula or the pelvis

Question 17

Answer 17

Depression

-downward/inferior movement of the clavicle and scapula or the pelvis

Question 18

Answer 18

Elevation

-upward/superior movement of the pelvis

Question 19

Answer 19

Depression

-downward/inferior movement of the pelvis

Question 20

Answer 20

Protraction

-anterior movement of the clavicle and lateral movement of the scapula or the pelvis

Question 21

Answer 21

Retraction

-posterior movement of the clavicle and medial movement of the scapula or the pelvis

Question 22

Answer 22

Upward Rotation

Rotation of the glenoid cavity in an upward/superior direction (superior movement of the clavicle and lateral movement of the scapula).

Question 23

Answer 23

Downward Rotation

Rotation of the glenoid cavity in a downward/inferior direction (downward movement of the clavicle and medial movement of the scapula).

Question 24

Answer 24

Flexion

To bend, to make the angle of the joint smaller, forward bending so that the anterior surfaces come closer to each other.

Question 25

Answer 25

**_Extension_** To straighten, bringing the posterior surfaces closer to each other.

Question 26

Answer 26

**_Abduction_** Away from the midline.

Question 27

Answer 27

**_Adduction_** Toward the midline.

Question 28

Answer 28

**_Horizontal Abduction_** Starting in flexion, a horizontal movement in a posterior direction (shoulder, hip).

Question 29

Answer 29

**_Horizontal Adduction_** Starting in flexion, a horizontal movement in an anterior direction (shoulder, hip).

Question 30

Answer 30

**_Internal Rotation or Medial Rotation_** Rotation of a limb, moving the anterior surface toward the midline.

Question 31

Answer 31

**_External Rotation or Lateral Rotation_** Rotation of a limb, moving the anterior surface away from the midline.

Question 32

Answer 32

**_Circumduction_** Is a term often used when describing joint actions. However it is not an action but a combination of actions - includes adduction, extension, abduction and flexion and resembles a circle.

Question 33

Answer 33

**_Supination_** Rotatory movement of the forearm so that the palm faces upward or anteriorly.

Question 34

Answer 34

**_Pronation_** Rotatory movement of the forearm so that the palm faces downward or posteriorly.

Question 35

Answer 35

**_Radial Deviation_** Moving toward the radius, also referred to as abduction of the wrist.

Question 36

Answer 36

**_Ulnar Deviation_** Moving toward the ulna, also referred to as adduction of the wrist. Clinically, the terms radial and ulnar deviation are used over abduction/adduction of the wrist.

Question 37

Answer 37

**_Palmar Abduction or CMC Abduction_** Term used to describe abduction of the thumb, moving it away from the index finger, away from the palm.

Question 38

Answer 38

Radial Abduction or CMC Extension Term used to describe extension of the thumb, moving it away from the index finger, moving in a radial direction.

Question 39

Answer 39

**_Opposition_** Movement of the thumb to the pad of the fingers

Question 40

Answer 40

**_Reposition_** Opposite of opposition - the return to anatomical position

Question 41

Answer 41

**_Lateral Flexion_** Bending of the neck or vertebral column (trunk) to the side.

Question 42

Answer 42

**_Anterior Tilt_** Superior portion of the pelvis moves anteriorly

Question 43

Answer 43

**_Posterior Tilt_** Superior portion of the pelvis moves posteriorly.

Question 44

Answer 44

**_Plantarflexion_** Ankle joint moves downward/inferiorly.

Question 45

Answer 45

**_Dorsiflexion_** Ankle moves upward/superiorly.

Question 46

Answer 46

**_Inversion_** Sole turns inward or medially.

Question 47

Answer 47

**_Eversion_** Sole of the foot turns outward or laterally.

Question 48

Answer 48

**_Neck Joint - Flexion_**

Question 49

Answer 49

**_Neck Joint - Extension_**

Question 50

Answer 50

**_Neck Joint - Rotation to the left and right_**

Question 51

Answer 51

**_Neck Joint - Circumduction_**

Question 52

Answer 52

**_Spinal Column - Flexion_**

Question 53

Answer 53

**_Spinal Column - Extension_**

Question 54

Answer 54

**_Spinal Column - Lateral Flexion to the right and to the left._**

Question 55

Answer 55

**_Spinal Column - Lateral Rotation to the right and to the left_**

Question 56

Answer 56

**_Shoulder Girdle - Elevation_**

Question 57

Answer 57

**_Shoulder Girdle - Depression_**

Question 58

Answer 58

**_Shoulder Girdle - Protraction (Scapular Abduction)_**

Question 59

Answer 59

**_Shoulder Girdle - Retraction (Scapular Adduction)_**

Question 60

Answer 60

**_Shoulder Girdle - Upward Rotation_**

Question 61

Answer 61

**_Shoulder Girdle - Downward Rotation_**

Question 62

Answer 62

**_Shoulder Flexion_**

Question 63

Answer 63

**_Shoulder Extension_**

Question 64

Answer 64

**_Shoulder Abduction_**

Question 65

Answer 65

**_Shoulder Adduction_**

Question 66

Answer 66

**_Shoulder External Rotation_**

Question 67

Answer 67

**_Shoulder Internal Rotation_**

Question 68

Answer 68

**_Shoulder Horizontal Abduction_**

Question 69

Answer 69

**_Shoulder Horizontal Adduction_**

Question 70

Answer 70

**_Shoulder Circumduction_**

Question 71

Answer 71

**_Elbow Flexion_**

Question 72

Answer 72

**_Elbow Extension_**

Question 73

Answer 73

**_Forearm Pronation_**

Question 74

Answer 74

**_Forearm Supination_**

Question 75

Answer 75

**_Wrist Flexion_**

Question 76

Answer 76

**_Wrist Extension_**

Question 77

Answer 77

**_Wrist Ulnar Deviation_**

Question 78

Answer 78

**_Wrist Radial Deviation_**

Question 79

Answer 79

**_Wrist Circumduction_**

Question 80

Answer 80

**_Pelvic Girdle Anterior Tilt_**

Question 81

Answer 81

**_Pelvic Girdle Posterior Tilt_**

Question 82

Answer 82

**_Hip Flexion_**

Question 83

Answer 83

**_Hip Extension_**

Question 84

Answer 84

**_Pelvic Girdle Elevation_**

Question 85

Answer 85

**_Pelvic Girdle Depression_**

Question 86

Answer 86

**_Hip Abduction_**

Question 87

Answer 87

**_Hip Adduction_**

Question 88

Answer 88

**_Hip Internal Rotation_**

Question 89

Answer 89

**_Hip External Rotation_**

Question 90

Answer 90

**_Hip Circumduction_**

Question 91

Answer 91

**_Knee Flexion_**

Question 92

Answer 92

**_Knee Extension_**

Question 93

Answer 93

**_Ankle Dorsiflexion_**

Question 94

Answer 94

**_Ankle Planter Flexion_**

Question 95

Answer 95

**_Ankle Inversion_**

Question 96

Answer 96

**_Ankle Eversion_**

Question 97

Answer 97

**_Ankle Circumduction_**

Question 98

Answer 98

**_Sagittal Plane_** - A vertical plane that passes through the body from front to back that divides the body into a right and left portion. - Movements that are anterior to posterior or flexion and extension, thumb adduction and abduction and dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.

Question 99

Answer 99

**_Frontal Plane_** - A vertical plane which passes through the body from side to side dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions. - Movements that correspond are adduction and abduction, lateral flexion to the right and left side, radial deviation and ulnar deviation and inversion and eversion.

Question 100

Answer 100

Horizontal (Transverse) Plane - Passes the body through a line parallel to the floor and divides the body into a superior and inferior portion. - Movements that correspond inernal/external rotation, horizontal adduction/abduction, rotation to the left and right, and supination and pronation.