MP 3 Test #1

Question 1

Geocentric

Answer 1

Earth is the center of the revolving planets & stars (WRONG)

Question 2

Heliocentric

Answer 2

Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun

Question 3

Copernicus

Answer 3

worked out the arrangement of the known planets & how they moved around the sun

Question 4

Galileo

Answer 4

Used the newly invented telescope to make discoveries that supported the heliocentric model

Question 5

Tycho Brahe

Answer 5

Danish. for over 20 years he (and his assistant Kepler) observed & recorded the positions of the planets– without a telescope!

Question 6

Johannes Kepler

Answer 6

Brahes’ assistant. Found that the planets orbits are an ellipse.

Question 7

The solar system consists of:

Answer 7

The Sun, the planets & their moons, AND several kinds of smaller objects that revolve around the sun

Question 8

Which six planets were known to the ancient Greeks?

Answer 8

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter & Saturn.

Question 9

the sun’s interior consists of:

Answer 9

The core, the radiation zone, and the convection zone

Question 10

The sun’s core

Answer 10

Where an enormous amount of energy is produced by NUCLEAR FUSION. The temperature is about 15 million Celsius!

Question 11

Hydrogen atoms are joined together to form helium.

Answer 11

Nuclear fusion

Question 12

Sun: Radiation Zone

Answer 12

A region of very tightly packed gas where energy is transferred mainly in the form of electromagnetic radiation. IT IS VERY DENSE!

Question 13

Sun: Convection Zone

Answer 13

The outermost layer of the sun’s interior. Hot gases rise from the bottom of the convection zone and gradually cool as they approach the top.

Question 14

The sun’s atmosphere:

Answer 14

Photosphere, Chromosphere & Corona

Question 15

The sun’s Photosphere

Answer 15

The inner layer of the sun’s atmosphere. The layer that gives off visible light. Considered the sun’s “surface”

Question 16

The sun’s Chromosphere

Answer 16

The middle layer of the sun’s atmosphere. A thin layer that has a reddish glow.

Question 17

The sun’s Corona

Answer 17

Outer layer that looks like a white halo. It extends into space for millions of kilometers & thins into streams called solar winds

Question 18

Sunspots

Answer 18

A dark area of gas on the sun’s surface that is cooler than surrounding gases. They usually occur in groups

Question 19

Prominences

Answer 19

Huge reddish loops of gas that protrude from the sun’s surface, linking parts of sunspot regions.

Question 20

Solar Flares

Answer 20

An eruption of gas from the sun’s surface that occurs when the loops in sunspot regions suddenly connect

Question 21

Solar Wind

Answer 21

A stream of electrically charged particles that emanate from the sun’s corona.

Question 22

The 4 Inner Planets (4 things in common)

Answer 22

are small & dense, and have rocky surfaces. Often called TERRESTRIAL PLANETS

Question 23

Earth’s layers

Answer 23

CORE- Dense, made mainly of iron & nickel. Outer is liquid but inner is solid
MANTLE- Layer of hot molten rock
CRUST- Solid rocky surface

Question 24

How much of the Earth’s surface is water?

Answer 24

70% of the Earth’s surface is water

Question 25

Earth's Atmosphere

Answer 25

Extends more than 100 KM above it's surface. Only Earth has an atmosphere contains oxygen. about 20% OXYGEN, the rest is almost all NITROGEN. There is a small amount of other gasses, and water vapor.

Question 26

``` MERCURY: Diameter Rotation Revolution Km from the sun Moons? Atmosphere: Temperature Hi/Lo Escape Velocity ```

Answer 26

``` 3000 Miles in Diameter Period of Rotation: 58 Earth Days Period of Revolution: 87 Days 28.5 MILLION MI (57 million KM) from the SUN (closest planet) NO MOONS Atmosphere: Hydrogen & Helium Temp: 870/-300 highest temperature range! Escape Velocity: 10,000 mph ```

Question 27

``` VENUS: Diameter Rotation Revolution Km from the sun Moons? Atmosphere is made of: Escape Velocity Mostly made of: ```

Answer 27

``` 7,523 Miles in Diameter Period of Rotation: 226 Earth Days Period of Revolution: .62 Earth Year 67 MILLION MI from the SUN NO MOONS Atmosphere is: Carbon Dioxide & Oxygen Escape Velocity:23.300 mph Mostly Nickle & Iron ```

Question 28

``` EARTH: Miles through the center? Rotation Revolution Km from the sun Moons? ```

Answer 28

``` 8,000 miles through the center Period of Rotation: 1 Earth Days Period of Revolution: 1 Earth Year 150 MILLION KM from the SUN 1 MOON ```

Question 29

``` MARS: Diameter Rotation Revolution Km from the sun Moons? Escape Velocity High/Low Temp Mostly made of? Atmosphere? ```

Answer 29

``` 4.222 Miles in Diameter Period of Rotation: 24 hours & 37 minutes Period of Revolution: 687 days 142 MILLION MI from the SUN 2 MOONS Escape Velocity: 11.20 mph 98 hi/-198 low Mostly Iron & Nickle Atmosphere: Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide ```

Question 30

MERCURY FACTS:

Answer 30

Smallest Terrestrial Planet Closest to the sun Virtually NO atmosphere Surface is Hot on the

Question 31

VENUS FACTS:

Answer 31

It rotates in the other direction RETROGRADE ROTATION The atmosphere is so heavy it would crush anything on it It's Mass is 81% of Earth It's Volume is 86% of Earth It's Atmosphere is so thick it traps heat