MPO

Question 1

What are organisational goals?

Answer 1

Broad, long-term aims that define an organisation’s purpose and direction.

Question 2

What are business objectives?

Answer 2

Specific, measurable steps taken to achieve organisational goals.

Question 3

What is the SMART criteria for setting objectives?

Answer 3

• Specific
• Measurable
• Achievable
• Realistic
• Time-bound

Question 4

What is an organisational policy?

Answer 4

A set of rules or guidelines that govern decision-making within an organisation.

Question 5

What is a mission statement?

Answer 5

A statement defining an organisation’s purpose, core values, and strategic direction.

Question 6

What is a vision statement?

Answer 6

A future-oriented declaration of an organisation’s goals and aspirations.

Question 7

What is a value statement?

Answer 7

A declaration of an organisation’s principles and ethical standards.

Question 8

What is the internal environment of an organisation?

Answer 8

Factors within the organisation that affect operations, including structure, culture, and resources.

Question 9

What is the external environment?

Answer 9

Outside factors that influence the organisation, such as competitors, regulations, and economic conditions.

Question 10

What is PEST analysis?

Answer 10

A tool to assess external factors:
• Political
• Economic
• Social
• Technological

Question 11

What is SWOT analysis?

Answer 11

A tool to evaluate an organisation’s:
• Strengths
• Weaknesses
• Opportunities
• Threats

Question 12

What are the key stakeholders in an organisation?

Answer 12

• Shareholders
• Employees
• Customers
• Suppliers
• Government
• Local communities

Question 13

What is performance management?

Answer 13

A process to monitor and improve employee performance through feedback and goal-setting.

Question 14

What is knowledge management?

Answer 14

The process of capturing, sharing, and applying organisational knowledge to improve efficiency.

Question 15

What are Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)?

Answer 15

Measurable values that indicate how effectively an individual or organisation is achieving key objectives.

Question 16

What is a performance appraisal?

Answer 16

A structured review of an employee’s job performance and contributions.

Question 17

What is the role of feedback in employee performance?

Answer 17

• Reinforces positive behaviours
• Identifies areas for improvement
• Motivates employees

Question 18

What is training and development?

Answer 18

Activities designed to improve employee skills, knowledge, and competencies.

Question 19

What is organisational structure?

Answer 19

The framework that defines roles, responsibilities, and relationships within an organisation.

Question 20

What are the key types of organisational structures?

Answer 20

• Functional
• Divisional
• Matrix
• Flat
• Hierarchical

Question 21

What is mechanistic vs. organic structure?

Answer 21

• Mechanistic: Rigid, hierarchical, bureaucratic.
• Organic: Flexible, adaptive, team-based.

Question 22

What is span of control?

Answer 22

The number of subordinates a manager directly oversees.

Question 23

What is the scalar chain?

Answer 23

The clear line of authority from top to bottom in an organisation.

Question 24

What is the span of control trade-off?

Answer 24

• Wide span: More autonomy but harder to supervise.
• Narrow span: Closer supervision but higher management costs.

Question 25

What is delegation?

Answer 25

The process of assigning authority and responsibility to subordinates.

Question 26

What is business ethics?

Answer 26

The principles and standards that guide behaviour in business.

Question 27

What is corporate social responsibility (CSR)?

Answer 27

A company’s duty to operate ethically and contribute to social well-being.

Question 28

What are the main ethical issues in organisations?

Answer 28

• Fair wages • Discrimination • Sustainability • Corporate governance

Question 29

What is ethical leadership?

Answer 29

Leading with integrity, transparency, and fairness.

Question 30

What is whistleblowing?

Answer 30

Reporting unethical or illegal activities within an organisation.

Question 31

What are the benefits of ethical business practices?

Answer 31

• Enhanced reputation • Increased customer loyalty • Better employee morale

Question 32

What is leadership?

Answer 32

The ability to influence and guide individuals or teams toward achieving goals.

Question 33

What are the key leadership styles?

Answer 33

• Autocratic: Centralised decision-making. • Democratic: Participative leadership. • Laissez-faire: Minimal supervision.

Question 34

What is transactional leadership?

Answer 34

Leadership based on structured tasks, rewards, and punishments.

Question 35

What is transformational leadership?

Answer 35

Leadership that inspires and motivates employees to achieve beyond expectations.

Question 36

What is situational leadership?

Answer 36

Leadership that adapts based on the situation and team needs.

Question 37

What is servant leadership?

Answer 37

A leadership style focused on serving the needs of employees.

Question 38

What is managerial effectiveness?

Answer 38

The ability of managers to achieve organisational goals efficiently and effectively.

Question 39

What are common measures of managerial effectiveness?

Answer 39

• Employee performance • Productivity • Profitability • Customer satisfaction

Question 40

What is the difference between efficiency and effectiveness?

Answer 40

• Efficiency: Doing things right (minimising resources). • Effectiveness: Doing the right things (achieving goals).

Question 41

What is benchmarking?

Answer 41

Comparing organisational performance against industry standards.

Question 42

What is Total Quality Management (TQM)?

Answer 42

A continuous improvement approach focused on customer satisfaction.

Question 43

What is motivation?

Answer 43

The internal drive that encourages employees to achieve organisational goals.

Question 44

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 44

A theory that people are motivated by: • Physiological needs • Safety needs • Social needs • Esteem needs • Self-actualisation

Question 45

What is Herzberg’s two-factor theory?

Answer 45

• Hygiene factors: Prevent dissatisfaction but don’t motivate (e.g., salary). • Motivators: Drive job satisfaction (e.g., achievement, recognition).

Question 46

What is McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y?

Answer 46

• Theory X: Employees are lazy and need control. • Theory Y: Employees are self-motivated and seek responsibility.

Question 47

What is Vroom’s Expectancy Theory?

Answer 47

Motivation depends on the expected outcome of effort.

Question 48

What is teamwork?

Answer 48

Collaborative efforts to achieve organisational goals.

Question 49

What are factors that affect team cohesiveness?

Answer 49

• Shared goals • Communication • Trust • Leadership

Question 50

What is Belbin’s Team Role Theory?

Answer 50

Identifies nine roles within a team, including coordinator, innovator, and implementer.