MPRE Flashcards
(303 cards)
1
Q
고객에게 직접적으로 악영향을 주는 판결이나 “controlling jurisdiction”으로부터 나온 판결이나 관련 규정을 변호사가 인용하지 않았다면 징계의 대상이 되나?
A
YES
2
Q
A lawyer must not communicate about a matter with a person who is represented by another lawyer in the matter, unless that other lawyer consents.
A
YES
3
Q
Discovery에서는 반드시 상대방 변호사가 요청한 증거를 제출해야 한다.
A
YES
4
Q
An attorney must notify the other side of adverse factual evidence.
A
No, an attorney has no duty to notify the other side of adverse factual evidence, unless of course, the opponent has made a proper discovery request for the information.
5
Q
An attorney must not reveal confidential information even if she reasonably believes necessary to prevent reasonably certain death or substantial bodily harm.
A
No, an attorney MAY reveal confidential information to the extent she reasonably believes necessary to prevent reasonably certain death or substantial bodily harm. (must가 아님)
6
Q
In the malpractice action, P must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that he was innocent of the underlying criminal offense.
A
Yes
7
Q
double jeopardy 주장을 fail한 것은 malpractice의 원인이 되지 않는다.
A
No, 된다.
8
Q
A lawyer is prohibited from entering into a partnership with a nonlawyer including the partnership activities which do not constitute the practice of law.
A
No, prohibited if the partnership activities constitute the practice of law (법률 관련된 일을 하면서 nonlawyer와 파트너쉽을 형성해서는 안된다)
9
Q
A lawyer may solicit business through an intermediary (a prepaid legal service program or an approved lawyer referral service).
A
Yes
10
Q
When a lawyer appears before a nonadjudicative body on behalf of a client, he may not disclose that he is acting in a representative capacity.
A
No, when a lawyer appears before a nonadjudicative body on behalf of a client, he MUST disclose that he is acting in a representative capacity. (현명주의)
11
Q
A lawyer must not represent a private client in a matter in which the lawyer has earlier participated personally and substantially while serving as an arbitrator.
A
Yes
12
Q
A lawyer must not represent a private client in a matter in which the lawyer has earlier participated while serving as an arbitration panel.
A
No, arbitration panel is ok.
13
Q
Judges are (___ or not) prohibited from making public statements in the course of their official duties or from explaining for public information the procedures of the court.
A
not
14
Q
다른 로펌에 있는 변호사와 fee를 split할 수 있는 조건
A
(1) total fee 가 reasonable
(2) 각 변호사가 받을 share가 명시되어 있어야 하고,
(3) both lawyers either work (이게 제일 중요함) the case (if not, at least) OR assume joint reponsibility, and
(4) client의 informed, written consent가 있어야 함.
15
Q
A lawyer must withdraw if the lawyer’s physical or mental condition will materially impair his ability to represent the client regardless of what client wants.
A
Yes
16
Q
A prosecutor may comment on a D’s failure to testify like Fifth Amendment privilege.
A
No, a prosecutor is prohibited from commenting on a D’s failure to testify like Fifth Amendment privilege.
17
Q
A lawyer must not state a personal opinion as to the credibility of a witness.
A
Yes
18
Q
A lawyer’s belief that the D is guilty is a sufficient reason to turn down a court appointment.
A
No
19
Q
Even if some of those other clients might take their work elsewhere in the future, that would not create the kind of immediate unreasonable financial burden that would justify a lawyer in rejecting the court appointment.
A
Yes
20
Q
When a lawyer has served as a third-party neutral b/w two conflicted parties, he can later represent one of the parties in that matter w/o both parties’ informed, writeen consent.
A
No, when a lawyer has served as a third-party neutral b/w two conflicted parties, he cannot later represent one of the parties in that matter unless both parties give informed, writeen consent.
21
Q
A lawyer may make a reciprocal referral agreement with another lawyer, or with a non-lawyer professional, if the agreement is NOT exclusive and the referred person is told about the agreement.
A
Yes
22
Q
Reciprocal referral agreement may be indefinite in duration.
A
No, reciprocal referral agreement should NOT be indefinite in duration.
23
Q
Reciprocal referral agreement does not require to be in writing.
A
Yes
24
Q
A lawyer must not give something of value for a referral based on reciprocal referral agreement.
A
No, reciprocal referral agreements are one of four exceptions to the general rule that a lawyer must not give something of value for a referral.
25
A lawyer or law firm from accepting an appointed legal engagement if the lawyer or law firm makes a political contribution for the purpose of obtaining or being considered for that kind of leagal engagement.
Yes
26
Dispensation(like pro bono) of legal advice does not constitute the "practice of law".
No, dispensation(like pro bono) of legal advice constitutes the "practice of law".
27
Lawyer's duty of confidentiality covers the duty that a lawyer should not tell his wife about his clients' legal troubles.
Yes
28
A lawyer does not need to be licensed in order to dispense legal advice at a walk-in legal clinic.
No, a lawyer needs to be licensed in order to dispense legal advice at a walk-in legal clinic.
29
A law student or similar unlicensed person can work at a walk-in legal clinic under the close supervision of a lawyer.
Yes
30
Real estate brokerage business is not a "law-related service".
No, real estate brokerage business is a "law-related service".
31
A lawyer must follow the rules of legal ethics in her real estate brokerage work as well as her law work.
Yes, because real estate brokerage business is a "law-related service".
32
Face-to-face pitches do not violate the no-solicitation rule if her statements are truthful and not misleading.
No, face-to-face pitches violate the no-solicitation rule even if her statements are truthful and not misleading.
33
회사를 대리하는 변호사는 반드시 회사의 이익을 위하여 노력을 해야 하며, 만일 회사에 악영향을 끼치는 일이 있다고 합리적으로 믿는다면 회사의 higher authority나 highest authority(if necessary, 최고 의결기관)에 보고를 해야 한다. 만일 보고를 하였으나 회사의 최고의결기관이 적절하게 대응하는데 실패한 경우 부적절한 대응이 회사에 심각한 피해를 줄 것이라고 합리적으로 믿는다면 외부에 알릴 수 있다. 법위반사실을 조사하고, 회사와 임원을 방어하기 위하여 고용된 변호사는 외부에 보고할 의무가 없다.
Yes. 그것이 duty of confidentiality에 의하여 보호되는 정보라 하더라도 보고 의무를 가진다.
34
Two ways to overcome a prospective client conflict
(1) Obtaining informed, written consent from BOTH the affected client and the prospective client. (비밀정보의 누설에 영향을 받는 고객(상담만 한 고객)과 prospective client의 informed written consent가 있다면 conflict가 극복될 수 있으며,)
(2) (i) Demonstrate that the lawyer who held discussions with the prospective client took care to avoid exposure to any more confidential information than was necessary to determine whether to represent the prospective client (prospective client를 변호할 것인지를 결정하는데 필요한 부분만큼만 비밀정보를 누설할 수 있도록 하고,)
(ii) Demonstrate that the disqualified lawyer is timely screened from any participation in the matter and will not share the fee (but he may take his ordinary salary or partnership share); and
(iii) Give written notice to the prospective client.
(disqualified lawyer(상담한 변호사)가 그 사안에 대하여 참가하지 못하도록 그리고 수임료도 공유할 수 없도록 되고, 서면통지한다면 prospective client를 변호할 수 있다.)
35
A lawyer may decide the plea to be entered w/o consluting her client.
No, a lawyer shall abide by the client's decision whether to accept an offer of settlement as well as the PLEA to be entered.
36
The client must be informed when the attorney-client relationship has ended so it is clear that the lawyer is not monitoring the situation.
Yes
37
A lawyer may not abide by the client's decision whether to take the stand and testify in a criminal trial because it is trial strategies.
No, a lawyer MUST abide by the client's decision whether to take the stand and testify in a criminal trial.
38
A lawyer may usually make the decision as to trial strategies.
Yes
39
Litigation decisions the client has the ultimate authority to make
SJPT
(1) whether to accept or reject a Settlement offer; or in a criminal case, (2) Jury trial waiver, (3) entering a Plea, or (4) Testifying at trial.
40
A lawyer may refuse to take on the appeal if the representation agreement excluded any appeal.
Yes
41
Fee splitting arrangement b/w lawyers not in the same firm may be improper unless the fee distribution is proportional to the work performed.
No, it is not necessary that the fee be proportional to the work performed if the client approves and both lawyers either work the case or assume reponsiblility for the case.
42
In order for there to be legal malpractice liability there must be a breach of the representation contract or a failure to exercise reasonable care.
Yes
43
Offering to refer a potential client to another lawyer is conclusive on the question of malpractice.
No, offering to refer a potential client to another lawyer is NOT conclusive on the question of malpractice.
44
In an emergency, a lawyer may make a best effort until it is possible to locate a more competent practitioner.
Yes
45
A lawyer must attend classes provided by the State Bar Association.
No, to maintain competency in thier area of parctice, a lawyer must keep abreast of relevant changes in the law regardless of where that knowledg is obtained.
46
If the lawyer had a reasonable belief that the client had a legal right to refuse to answer, discipline would not be imposed.
Yes
47
Violation of a Rule may give rise to a cause of action against a lawyer or create presumption in such a case that a legal duty has been breasched.
No, violation of a Rule should NOT itself give rise to a cause of action against a lawyer NOR should it create ANY presumption in such a case that a legal duty has been breasched.
48
The client must sign the original contingent fee agreement.
Yes
49
The lawyer does not need to present the client upon conclusion of the contingency a detailed written statement containing cost allocations.
No, the lawyer MUST present the client upon conclusion of the contingency a detailed written statement containing cost allocations.
50
It is not necessary that the client sign the written statement presented by the lawyer at the conclusion of the contingency.
Yes, 그냥 보면 되지 sign할 필요까지는 없다.
51
Suspedning the D's right to affimatively defend upon the issue of experation of the statutory period is not a determinant decision in the case which at least requires client consultation and non-objection.
No, suspedning the D's right to affimatively defend upon the issue of experation of the statutory period IS a determinant decision in the case which at least requires client consultation and non-objection.
52
A lawyer's representation of a client does not constitute an approval of endorsement of a clent's political, economic, social, or moral views.
Yes
53
Civil malpractice liability: Damage required?
| Ethical Violations: Damage required?
Civil malpractice liability: Damage required (Nominal damage included)
Ethical Violations: Not
54
The most basic criteria of the contingency fee?
time and effort
55
The trial court lawyer will not be liable for malpractice in not raising the issue of double jeopardy at the beginning of the second trial.
No, LIABLE!!
56
The P must prove but for the lawyer's malpractice the damages would not have occured.
Yes
57
Because a lawyer shall not counsel or assist a client in perpetrating illegal conduct, even good faith consultation on how to gain the legal standing necessary to challenge the law is improper.
No, while a lawyer shall not counsel or assist a client in perpetrating illegal conduct, good faith consultation on how to gain the legal standing necessary to challenge the law is NOT improper.
58
A lawyer shall not make an agreement prospectively limiting the lawyer's liability to a client for malpractice unless permitted by law and the client is independently represented.
Yes (변호사는 고객과 수임계약을 할 때 고객이 독립적으로 다른 변호사에게 조력을 받지 않는 상태에서 malpractice에 대한 자신의 책임을 제한하는 agreement를 체결할 수 없다.)
59
A lawyer must not represent one client whose interests are materially adverse to those of a former client in a matter that is "substantially related" to a matter in which the lawyer represented the former client (unless the former client gives informed, written consent).
Yes (former client와의 conflict 는 substantially related matter에 대해서만 발생한다.)
60
Clients must agree to wait for research and relief of their legal problem until another client appears who has the same legal problem.
--> discipline?
No
61
A lawyer may accept compensation for representing a client from one other than the client if the client gives informed consent.
Yes
62
Disclosure must not be made even if a U.S. District Court signs an order requiring an attorney to disclose.
No, disclosure may be made IF a U.S. District Court signs an order requiring an attorney to disclose.
63
A lawyer becoming involved in an aggregate settlement of multiple clients who would share as Ps must receive written consent and inform them all of the total settlement and the amount EACH client will receive.
Yes, 다수의 원고에게 다른 사람이 받게 될 금액까지도 알려야 한다.
64
Confidential client information may not be shared internally within the law firm for consultation or in preparation for trial.
No, confidential client information MAY be shared internally within the law firm for consultation or in preparation for trial.
65
The client's specific direction not to disclose the contributors' identities will override the general rule that confidential client information may be shared internally within the law firm for consultation or in preparation for trial.
Yes. 이런 경우 알리면 안된다.
66
원칙적으로 하면 안되는 business relationship을 할 수 있는 조건
TIC requirement
(1) Terms reasonable and fair,
(2) Independent counsel (advised in writing, actual representation is not necessary), and
(3) Consent in writing
67
A lawyer must not disclose client confidential information even if necessary to establish a defense to a criminal charge based upon conduct in which the client was involved.
No, a lawyer MAY disclose client confidential information if necessary to establish a defense to a criminal charge based upon conduct in which the client was involved.
68
The attorney client privilege applies to in court testimony concerning client communications.
Yes. 이것이 ethical duty of confidentiality 와의 차이점이다. 즉 privilege는 증거법의 위법증거배제의 법칙에 해당하며, 법원은 attorney-client privilege에 해당하는 대화는 증거로 사용하지 못하게 하나, ethical duty of confidentiality은 변호사가 고객을 대리하면서 알게된 모든 정보를 자발적으로 발설하지 못하게 하는 것이다.
69
A law firm must not receive an equity interest from a client for a fee even if it is reasonable in amount and the business transaction of receiving the ownership interest meets all three TIC requirements.
No, a law firm MAY receive an equity interest from a client for a fee AS LONG AS it is reasonable in amount and the business transaction of receiving the ownership interest meets all three TIC requirements.
70
A lawyer serving as a corporate director while simultaneously advising the board about a matter in which her law firm's interest may be adverse is under a conflict of interest requiring some affirmative actions.
Yes, 변호사는 그들의 conflict를 mitigate할 수 있는 조치를 취해야 한다. 아무것도 안하면 discipline받는다!
71
A lawyer may solicit s substantial gift from a client.
No. A lawyer may NOT solicit s substantial gift from a client.
72
A lawyer may accept a gift from client if the transaction meets general standards of fairness.
Yes
73
A lawyer who engages in a sexual relationship with a client that predated the legal representation is subject to discipline.
No. A lawyer who engages in a sexual relationship with a client CONCURRENT with legal representation is subject to discipline.
74
A lawyer who engages in a sexual relationship with a client is subject to discipline and any client waiver is ineffective.
Yes
75
A lawyer shall not use information relating to the representation of a client even if the client gives informed consent.
No. A lawyer shall not use information relating to the representation of a client UNLESS the client gives informed CONSENT.
76
The prohibition on use of information relating to the representation of a client only applies if such us would disadvantage the client.
Yes
77
A lawyer must disclose the confidential information when it is necessary to prevent a client from continuing a fraud in the future that is reasonably certain to result in substantial injury to the financial interests of another.
No. A lawyer MAY disclose the confidential information when it is necessary to prevent a client from continuing a fraud in the future that is reasonably certain to result in substantial injury to the financial interests of another. 따라서 이러한 경우에 아무 것도 안한 변호사에게 discipline은 없다.
78
A lawyer for one government unit does not represent any other affiliated upstream broader government control organization.
Yes. 하지만 현재 변호하고 있는 것이 아니라 그 직원으로 일하고 있는 경우, 한쪽의 변호사가 되어 상대쪽을 상대로 소송을 진행할 수 있다.
79
Representation at a flat hourly rate must be in writing.
No.
80
보험회사와 가입자 둘을 모두 대리하는 경우의 conflict 문제
양 당사자는 conflict를 waiver하는 거. 하지만 future conflict까지 waiver하는 건 아니다.
81
원칙적으로 변호사는 고객을 대신하여 비용을 지급하거나(advance)나 재정적으로 고객을 지원해서는 안된다.
Yes
| (예외) litigation expenses
82
A living and medical care advances to a client is proper.
No
83
Guaranteeing a bank loan to a client is improper.
Yes
84
Court costs must not be paid for indigent clients.
No, court costs MAY be paid for indigent clients even if the funds will not be repaid.
85
Death is not the equivalent to or a substitute for consent regarding confidentiality.
Yes
86
When the client(a insured person) admitted her initial report was false, the lawyer does not have to file a motion seeking permission to withdraw.
No. When the client admitted her initial report was false, the lawyer MUST file a motion seeking permission to withdraw w/o informing the insurance company of the confidences of the ensured. 변호사는 양 당사자 공통의 이익을 위해 존재하는 것이므로, 둘의 이익이 상충될 수 있다는 것을 아는 순간 아무 말 없이 withdraw해야한다. 하지만 양 당사자의 동의가 있으면 할 수 있다.
87
A court has a responsibility to ensure a third party who is paying fees for a criminal does not interfere with the lawyer's independence or professional judgment.
Yes. (동의가 있어도 안된다)
88
A lawyer using confidential information of a client w/o approval for their own profit is subject to potential civil liability and profit disgorgement, and professional discipline.
No. A lawyer using confidential information of a client w/o approval for their own profit is subject to potential civil liability and profit disgorgement but NOT professional discipline UNLESS the client is disadvantaged.
89
The portion belonging to the lawyer may be transferred to the lawyer's regular account unless the client disputes the billing.
Yes
90
The disputed amount may withdraw even before the dispute is resolved.
No, the disputed amount shall NOT withdraw UNTIL the dispute is resolved.
91
When ordered to do so by a tribunal, a lawyer shall continue representation in the matter notwithstanding good cause for terminating the representation.
Yes
92
To disqualify a former governmental lawyer from representing a client before the agency, the subject of the representation does not need to be the same matter that the lawyer handled at the agency.
No. To disqualify a former governmental lawyer from representing a client before the agency, the subject of the representation MUST be the SAME matter that the lawyer handled at the agency.
93
A lawyer may not use "confidential government information" that was not disseminated to the public in representing a client in subsequent private practice.
Yes
94
A commingling of funds does not occur if the funds belonging to the lawyer and the client are in the same account.
No. A commingling of funds OCCUR IF the funds belonging to the lawyer and the client are in the same account.
95
After a reasonable time, the law firm entitlement to the billed fees left in the trust account constitutes commingling of funds.
Yes
96
The purchaser of a law firm can raise client fees to finance the purchase of the law firm.
No. The purchaser of a law firm can NOT raise client fees to finance the purchase of the law firm.
97
The purchase of a law firm must be of the entire law practice; a buyer may not cherry-pick the clientele and discard those clients which are less lucrative and would find it difficult to secure other counsel.
Yes
98
When it is clear that the client is under a disability with a foreseeable serious consequence, it is proper for a lawyer to "maintain a normal client-lawyer relationship".
No. When it is clear that the client is under a disability with a foreseeable serious consequence, it is NOT proper for a lawyer to "maintain a normal client-lawyer relationship" because this presupposes the client can make adequately considered decisions.
99
If the client adequately act in her own interest because she is under a disability, the lawyer may seek court appointment of a guardian ad litem. The application for appointment should not disclose any unnecessary client confidences.
Yes
100
Even if no remaining member of the firm has information that is material to the current matter, the potential prior client conflict does not terminate.
No. If NO remaining member of the firm has information that is material to the current matter, the potential prior client conflict TERMINATES.
101
There is a prohibition on a lawyer-client transaction w/o informing the estate client of the conflict and to seek the advice of independent counsel which is imputed to all the lawyers in the law firm.
Yes (R3-27)
102
Client funds shall be kept in a separate trust account maintained in the state where the client's home is situated.
No. Client funds shall be kept in a separate trust account maintained in the state where the LAWYER'S OFFICE is situated.
103
Rules do not require the trust account to earn interest.
Yes
104
A formal legal assistant may act as a lawyer in a matter in which her participation was personal and substantial.
No. A formal legal assistant may NOT act as a lawyer in a matter in which her participation was personal and substantial.
105
A government lawyer shall not negotiate for private employment with an attorney for a party in a matter in which the government lawyer is personally and substantially participating.
Yes. Negotiate도 안된다!
106
A lawyer may state a personal opinion on the culpability of a civil litigant.
No. A lawyer may NOT state a personal opinion on the culpability of a civil litigant.
107
A lawyer's raised voice does not of itself violate the rule.
Yes
108
A lawyer may knowingly offer evidence that the lawyer knows is false.
No. A lawyer shall NOT knowingly offer evidence that the lawyer knows is false.
109
A lawyer may not directly contact a person represented by counsel unless that counsel approves. An exception applies if authorized by law or court order.
Yes
110
The duty to disclose to the tribunal false evidence entered in the proceeding does not terminate at the end of the proceeding.
No. The duty to disclose to the tribunal false evidence entered in the proceeding Terminates at the end of the proceeding.
111
A lawyer functioning as a intermediary may not subsequently represent any of the parties in any matter that was the subject of the representation.
Yes. 즉 중재의 내용과 소송의 내용이 다르면 수임할 수 있다.
112
A client shall not communicate with another party who is represented by a lawyer.
No, while an attorney shall not communicate with another party who is represented by a lawyer, there is NO restriction on the clients engaging in direct negotiations.
113
A juror may be investigated by a lawyer or a private detective after the jury has been discharged unless prohibited by law or court order or the lawyer engages in improper conduct during the communication.
Yes
114
Two requirements for evaluation for use by the third party
(1) A lawyer must reasonably conclude that truthfully making the evaluation is compatible with the lawyer's other representations for the client; and
(2) The client must give informed consent. (NO need writing)
115
진행중인 사건에 대해 변호사는 그 claim과 defense에 대해서는 방송에서 이야기할 수 있다.
Yes. 하지만 법정에서 채택되지 않은 전문가의 의견, 당사자 또는 증인의 character or credibility에 대해서는 이야기하면 안된다.
116
A lawyer legislator must not represent private clients even if they do not obtain a special advantage which is clearly contrary to the public interest.
No. A lawyer legislator MAY represent private clients AS LONG AS they do not obtain a special advantage which is clearly contrary to the public interest. 이 법안으로 인해 이익을 받는 client가 있다는 것을 밝혀야 한다. 하지만 그 client가 누구라는 것은 밝힐 필요 없다.
117
A lawyer must not knowingly make a false factual or legal statement to a third party in the course of representing a client but need not disclose all the facts.
Yes
118
A lawyer must not directly contact a person who is loyal to an adverse party.
No. A lawyer MAY directly contact a person not represented by a lawyer and whether the third party is loyal to an adverse party is irrelevant.
119
Litigation sanctions could be imposed because a lawyer has a duty to make a sufficient investigation so there is a reasonable basis in both fact and law to any pleading they sign.
Yes
120
A lawyer is prohibited from improperly attempting to influence a juror and while this one case is over, they still are required to sit for _______ cases for __ more days.
criminal, 20
121
A lawyer shall not obstruct another party's access to evidence or destroy documents having potential evidentiary value only if the degree of prejudice to the P is certain.
No. A lawyer shall not obstruct another party's access to evidence or destroy documents having potential evidentiary value EVEN THOUGH the degree of prejudice to the P is UNcertain.
122
Settlement negotiations are not to be introduced in the trial.
Yes
123
Closing argument may refer to evidence not introduced during the trial.
No. Closing argument may NOT refer to evidence not introduced during the trial.
124
The judge may allow a trial lawyer to concurrently testify as a witness if disqualification would work a potential hardship on the client and being called as a witness was not reasonably foreseeable.
Yes
125
Even in the middle of a trail is timely disclosure of adverse exculpatory evidence.
No. in the middle of a trail is HARDLY timely disclosure of adverse exculpatory evidence.
126
All material facts must be disclosed in an ex parte proceeding even though they may help the opposing party and/or be adverse to the presenting lawyer's client.
Yes
127
A lawyer may participate in altering documents having potential evidentiary value.
No. A lawyer may NOT UNlawfully participate in altering documents having potential evidentiary value.
128
A lawyer may suggest a reason or motivation for testimony.
Yes. such as 원고와 피고 중 누가 더 거짓말 할 이유가 많을까요?
129
회사의 변호사가 대리하는 것으로 간주되는 사람
(1) wrongdoing에 가담한 사람
| (2) managerial responsibility가 있는 사람
130
A lawyer may not request that agents, employees, or relatives of clients not voluntarily give information to an opposing party or their lawyer unless subpoenaed and it does not appear that the agents' interest will be put at risk if they refuse the request.
No. A lawyer MAY request that agents, employees, or relatives of clients not voluntarily give information to an opposing party or their lawyer unless subpoenaed and it does not appear that the agents' interest will be put at risk if they refuse the request.
131
As long as there is sufficient candid communication to the client of the details and prognosis of the action and potential outcomes, a claim is not frivolous even if there is a defense that may be asserted negating the claim.
Yes. defense가 있다고 하여 바로 frivolous claim이 되는 건 아니다.
132
A lawyer has a duty to reveal the every prior conviction.
No. A lawyer would ONLY have a duty to reveal the every prior conviction IF she or her client had represented the non-existence of same so that it would be necessary to correct a previous false statement. 그 변호사가 관여했던 이전 범죄들에 대해서만 이야기할 의무가 있을 뿐이다.
133
Lawyer's duty to candor to the tribunal would override the duty of confidentiality and at least require the lawyer to withdraw.
Yes. 일반적으로 법원에 정직해야 하는 의무가 비밀유지의무보다 앞서는 경우가 많다. 말하기 싫으면 적어도 사임을 해야 하는 것이다.
134
The lawyer does not have a duty of candor towards the tribunal that includes disclosing controlling adverse legal authority.
No. The lawyer HAS a duty of candor towards the tribunal that includes disclosing controlling adverse legal authority IF it is not disclosed by opposing counsel.
135
A lawyer may not ask a witness questions that imply another witness was not creditable, nor comment on such results in closing.
Yes. credibility에 대한 건 자기 의견이든 다른 사람이 그런 의견을 낸 것이든 이야기하면 안된다.
136
A prosecutor may not ask the jury to consider a witness's background when they are considering the witness's credibility.
No. A prosecutor MAY ask the jury to consider a WITNESS's background when they are considering the witness's credibility. 하지만 defendant의 이전 범죄사실은 이야기 하면 안된다.
137
A prosecutor may not introduce or comment on the prior criminal record of a defendant.
Yes
138
A prosecutor may comment on safety information, warn of dangers, and request assistance of the public.
Yes. 이를 위해 용의자의 사진을 보여줘도 된다.
139
An attorney learning of a substantial question as to the lawyer's honesty or fitness must report that misconduct to the appropriate professional authority even if they are attorney - client.
No. An attorney learning of a substantial question as to the lawyer's honesty or fitness MUST report that misconduct to the appropriate professional authority UNLESS they are attorney - client. 다른 변호사의 잘못된 행위에 대해서는 보고할 의무가 있다.
140
변호사가 그 건의 witness로 불려질 것이 명백한 경우 변호사는 해당 건을 수임하면 안된다.
Yes. 하지만 그 건의 witness가 변호사 외에도 여러 명 있는 경우 수임할 수 있다.
141
A lawyer may pretend, state, or imply that the lawyer is disinterested in dealing with an adverse party a person who is not represented by counsel.
No. A lawyer may NOT pretend, state, or imply that the lawyer is disinterested in dealing with an adverse party a person who is not represented by counsel. 따라서 합의금 deal할 때 사심 없는 척 하면서 접근하여 적은 돈을 이끌어내서는 안된다.
142
상대방이 내부 문서가 없다고 했는데, 송신인이 누군지 모르는 내부 문서를 수신한 경우, 변호사는 상대방 변호사의 sanction을 신청해야 한다.
Yes
143
A lawyer shall not make a statement concerning the qualifications, integrity or record of a judge whether or not the lawyer believes the statement.
No. A lawyer shall not make a statement that the lawyer KNOWS to be false concerning the qualifications, integrity or record of a judge. 즉 그게 진짜라고 믿었으면 말해도 된다.
144
A lawyer having knowledge that a Judge has committed an act violating an applicable rule of judicial conduct that raises a substantial questions as to the Judge's fitness for office should promptly report to the appropriate authorities unless the information is protected by confidentiality.
Yes. MUST check whether it is Confidential Information!!
145
A lawyer may assist a person in giving legal advice if the assisted person is not admitted to practice law.
No. A lawyer who assists a person in giving legal advice is subject to DISCIPLINE if the assisted person is NOT admitted to practice law.
146
"No further representation clause" is improper because it creates a restriction on an attorney's right to represent other victims.
Yes
147
If there is a different ethical rule b/w the licensing jurisdiction and the jurisdiction in which the conduct arose, the former rule will control.
No. The latter rule will control. 즉 변호사가 license 받은 곳의 rule이 아닌, 일이 벌어진 곳의 rule에 따른다.
148
A duty of reporting a lawyer's dishonesty to the appropriate professional authority may override client directions.
Yes. 이건 고객의 fraud가 아니라 변호사의 fraud니까.
149
A lawyer may not assist a non-attorney in the performance of any activity which constitutes the unauthorized practice of law even if it is pro se self-representation.
No. Pro se self-representation is an exception to the unauthorized practice of law rules.
150
다른 변호사의 criminal activity를 report하지 않아도 되는 세 가지 경우
(1) 그 변호사가 고객인 경우
(2) bar sponsored substance abuse program에서 얻은 정보인 경우
(3) 그 정보가 client와 관련되어 있어서 그것을 알리는 것이 confidential information의 위반에 해당되는 경우
151
A part-time judge must not advertise his office on the letterhead because it implies an influence that could easily lead to misleading expectations.
Yes
152
3 exceptions to "No-compensation for referral rule"
(1) Purchase of a law practice
(2) Reasonable cost of advertising
(3) Usual charges of a bar-approved qualified legal referral system.
153
Bar associations may restrain law firm's ownership.
No. There are no restraints on law firm ownership as it applies to lawyers admitted to practice.
154
While the estate may hold the ownership interest for a reasonable period of time, a non-lawher may not share fees or hold a discretionary power of appointment over an ownership interest in the law firm.
Yes. 죽은 파트너 변호사의 아내가 얼마 동안은 로펌의 interest를 받을 수 있지만, 그 ownership interest를 아들에게 양도할 수는 없다.
155
The client and/or cause repugnancy may not qualify as a valid reason for withdrawal if it would impair the effectiveness of the client-lawyer relationship.
No. The client and/or cause repugnancy MAY qualify as a valid reason for withdrawal if it would impair the effectiveness of the client-lawyer relationship. (하지만 단순히 다른 고객들이 화낼꺼라는 건 안된다)
156
The firm-wide disqualification rules (변호사는 자기 사건이 아니더라도 자기 firm의 고객에 반대되는 고객을 수임하면 안된다) does not apply to the short-term legal services if the lawyer does not know that the representation involves a conflict of interest.
Yes
157
Lay person과 Pro bono를 함께 하면 안된다.
No. 된다. fee를 share하는 게 금지되는 것이다.
158
A law firm partner with direct supervisory authority over an associate must make reasonable efforts that the associate's conduct properly.
Yes. 초짜에게 일을 무리하게 시키면 안된다.
159
The basic test of whether the political contribution was to obtain governmental legal engagements or appointments by judges, special masters, receivers, etc. is whether the contribution would not have been made "but for" the desire to be appointed.
Yes. (자기네 회사를 지명하게 하려는 욕구가 없었다면 그러한 지원을 하지 않았을 꺼인지를 판단한다는 거)
160
A lawyer (even one working as a law school professor) is not subject to discipline if he knowingly assists a judge in conduct.
No. A lawyer (even one working as a law school professor) is subject to DISCIPLINE if he knowingly assists a judge in conduct. 하지만 원고와 피고에게 그 사실을 알리고 의견 소명의 기회를 주면 괜찮다.
161
A lawyer prohibited from agreeing not to represent firm clients who are to be free to choose their own professional advisors; this applies even though the associate had no bargaining power.
Yes
162
If one lawyer in the firm has a conflict, it is not imputed to all other lawyers in the firm.
No. If one lawyer in the firm has a conflict, it is IMPUTED to all other lawyers in the firm.
163
Screening is only applicable to lawyers joining or leaving a law firm, not a lawyer holding public office in their legislative capacity.
Yes
164
Most jurisdictions allow an artificial entity to provide a shield for the malpractice of an attorney.
No. Most jurisdictions do NOT allow an artificial entity to provide a shield for the malpractice of an attorney. (such as malpractice의 책임을 제한하기 위한 LLP 설립)
165
A non-lawyer may not serve as a director or officer of a professional organization used for the practice of law.
Yes. 단순한 assistant는 되지만 treasurer(재무담당자, 이는 officer)는 안된다.
166
A supervisory lawyer is only liable for an improper act of a non-lawyer assistant if they ordered or ratified the improper conduct involved or failed to avoid or mitigate the improper conduct.
Yes. 무조건 책임지는 건 아니다.
167
An associate violates the conflict rules even if a reasonably arguable ethical question is decided by a supervisor.
No. An associate does NOT violate the conflict rules IF a reasonably arguable ethical question is decided by a supervisor.
168
A proportional amount of the law firm's assets and a proportional amount of the law firm's capital account may be distributed to the estate of a deceased partner.
Yes
169
A lawyer must not threaten opposing counsel with reporting an alleged ethical disciplinary violation in order to gain an advantage or "bargaining chip" in litigation.
Yes
170
partner 변호사가 properly supervise했음에도 associate의 실수로 고객에게 손해가 끼친 경우,
legal malpractice?
professional discipline?
Only legal malpractice
171
같은 사무실을 쓰지만 파트너 관계가 아니라 독립체산제인 경우,
(1) 현관에 이름 함께 쓰기
(2) 동일한 전화번호 사용하기
(3) 레터헤드에 이름 함께 쓰기
(4) 소장에 이름 함께 쓰기
(1) (2) O
| (3) (4) X
172
A judge may only accept a loan from a lending institution at market interest rates and other terms available to the general public.
Yes
173
Before becoming a candidate for a partisan non-judicial office - either in a primary or general election - a sitting judge does not need to resign their judicial seat.
No. Before becoming a candidate for a partisan non-judicial office - either in a primary or general election - a sitting judge SHALL resign their judicial seat.
174
If there is an economic interest in the subject matter of the controversy, a party, or one of the lawyers, the judge shall be disqualified.
Yes. 판사가 그러한 economic interest를 몰랐다 하더라도 예외가 안된다. 무조건 disqualify
175
일반적으로 금지되는 현직 판사의 정치적 활동
SCOPE
(1) Speeches: 정당 행사 등에서 연설
(2) Contribution: 정치조직에 기부
(3) Office holder: 정당 임원
(4) Political gathering
(5) Endorsement: partisan public office(local school board도 포함)의 candidate에 대한 지지/반대 이런 거 못한다.
176
임명직 판사의 campaign시 가능한 활동
SEAT
(1) Speeches (하지만 남을 대신하여 연설할 수는 없다)
(2) Endorsement: Endorse or oppose other candidates for the same judicial office such as other seats up for election on the state supreme court.
(3) Advertisement
(4) Ticket of political affiliation: 정치 조직 파티의 ticket에 이름을 올릴 수 있다.
177
The basic test of acceptable extra-judicial activities by a judge is whether the behavior will exploit the judicial position.
Yes
178
A judge or candidate for judgeship may make a pledge, promise, or commitment about a matter likely to come before her court.
No. A judge or candidate for judgeship should NOT make a pledge, promise, or commitment about a matter likely to come before her court.
179
A judge is permitted to consult with other judges about the law w/o having to notify the attorneys for both sides in the controversy.
Yes. 다른 판사에게 consult 받는 건 되지만, 제3의 변호사에게 consult받는 건 안된다. 해당 제3의 변호사는 discipline 대상이 된다.
180
A judge should disqualify herself in a matter where a lawyer w/ whom she practiced law served as the lawyer during the prior association. However if she did not personally work on the matter or know anything about the case details or the P, she does not disqualified.
No. The fact that she did not work on the matter is NOT relevant. 자기가 일하고 있을 때 진행되었던 로펌의 모든 사건에 대해 무조건 disquaulify.
181
While a judge shall not voluntarily testify as a character witness, they may always be subpoenaed and must appear.
Yes
182
A judge may accept appointment to quasi-governmental body that concerns factual or legal matters other than improvement of the law, the legal system, or the administration of justice.
No. A judge should NOT accept appointment to quasi-GOVERNMENTAL body that concerns factual or legal matters other than improvement of the law, the legal system, or the administration of justice.
183
A judge must be prompt in judicial administration and expedite matters and controversies on his docket.
Yes
184
Ex parte communication by a judge to an impartial expert on a technical aspect of the law is improper even if all the parties in the matter are notified and allowed an opportunity to respond to the expert's input.
No. Ex parte communication by a judge to an impartial expert on a technical aspect of the law is NOT improper even if all the parties in the matter are notified and allowed an opportunity to respond to the expert's input.당사자가 그 의견이 맘에 안들어서 이의를 해도, 의견 소명 기회를 줬다면 proper. 이의로 improper되는 건 아니다.
185
A judge may accept a contribution for a judicial election only if given to their campaign committee and the amount does not exceed the state dictated maximum; $1,000 is normally allowed.
Yes. 기부를 한 변호사가 그 법정에 regularly appear하는 경우, 앞으로 판사가 그 사건을 회피(recuse)해야 하는 것일뿐 기부를 받을 수는 있다.
186
사건의 일 당사자가 판사의 가족, 친척, 친구 등인 경우, 판사가 이 사건을 맡으려면?
양 당사자의 "written" informed consent!
187
An incumbent judge seeking reappointment w/o a present individual opponent shall not organize a campaign committee and seek support for reappointment even if they are opposed.
No. An incumbent judge seeking reappointment w/o a present individual opponent MAY organize a campaign committee and seek support for reappointment IF they are opposed.
188
A judge may act in a fiduciary capacity for a family member as long as it does not interfere w/ their judicial duties and related proceedings will not come on before the court on which the judge serves.
Yes. 즉 형사법원 판사는 민사법원에 갈 일이 있는 gurdian 자격을 획득해도 되는 것이다. 하지만 민사법원 판사는 안된다.
189
A judge may herself, or through her staff, engage in ex parte communication with one of the parties if the witnesses interviewed ex parte did appear at trial.
No. A judge may NOT herself, or through her staff, engage in ex parte communication with one of the parties EVEN IF the witnesses interviewed ex parte did appear at trial. 무조건 안된다.
190
A judge may not personally solicit contributions for a non-profit organization.
Yes. 자신의 선거를 위해 committee가 하는 건 되지만.
191
A campaign committee may seek public endorsements for a judicial candidate but may not seek attorney endorsements.
No. Both are OK.
192
The adjudicative decision-making has absolute immunity. But it does not necessarily apply to administrative functions.
Yes. 판결에 관한 사항은 absolute immunity를 가지지만 행정적인 건 아니다.
193
A violation occurred since a reasonable person, knowing the relevant facts, would expect the judge knew enough of the circumstances to create an appearance of partiality, unless she was unaware of the circumstances.
No. A violation occurred since a reasonable person, knowing the relevant facts, would expect the judge knew enough of the circumstances to create an appearance of partiality, NOTWITHSTANDING the judge's position that she was unaware of the circumstances.
194
Reporting is mandatory only if the reporting judge has actual knowledge that another judge has committed a violation.
Yes. 어느 정도는 확실해야 동료 판사를 꼰지를 수 있다.
195
판사가 변호사의 잘못(attorney-client privilege 위반)을 우연히 알았을 때, 이를 반드시 상부 기관에 보고해야 하는가?
No. Reporting to the appropriate authority is ONLY one form of action available to the JUDGE.
196
Judges campaigning for office should not state their views on matters which may come before them in the future.
Yes. 니네 법원들 앞으로 이래야 해. 머 이런 발언은 안된다.
197
Judges should not serve on a non-profit law school board.
No. Judges MAY serve on a non-profit law school board.
198
A judge herself may not personally solicit public statements of support.
Yes. committee만이 할 수 있다.
199
A judge herself may personally solicit campaign contributions.
No. A judge herself may NOT personally solicit campaign contributions. committee만이 할 수 있다.
200
A judge shall not appear at a hearing or contact a political body concerning matters that involve the law and administration of the legal system.
No. A judge MAY appear at a hearing or contact a political body concerning matters that involve the law and administration of the legal system.
201
A cousin is considered within the third degree of relationship that a judge is disqualified.
No. A cousin is NOT considered within the third degree of relationship.
202
A judge should avoid significant business transactions w/ lawyers or persons likely to come before him.
Yes
203
The ownership interest should be disposed of when the judge won the election.
Yes
204
A judge may be a manager of a business entity.
No. A judge may NOT be a manager of a business entity UNLESS the business is closely-held by the judge or his FAMILY.
205
A judge may not become a member of an organization that practices employment discrimination based upon gender since that activity violates state law.
Yes
206
The prohibition on a judge's voluntary testimony applies if the testimony applies if the testimony involves the character of a party.
Yes. Judge may testify as a FACT WITNESS.
207
It is improper for the judge to respond to the personal position questions (낙태, 동성결혼에 대해 어찌 생각해?) if the positions contained within the questionnaire are not used in a context which also contains a pledge, promise, or commitment to decide cases in a particular matter.
No. It is PROPER for the judge to respond to the personal position questions (낙태, 동성결혼에 대해 어찌 생각해?) if the positions contained within the questionnaire are NOT used in a context which also contains a pledge, promise, or commitment to decide cases in a particular matter.
208
A judge may not meet with a public official even if the matter involves the judge's personal interests.
No. A judge may not meet with a public official UNLESS the matter involves the judge's personal interests.
209
A judge may own and manage family investments unless the management and financial interests require frequent disqualifications.
Yes.
(1) 원칙: 판사는 비즈니스 매니저를 하면 안된다.
(2) 예외: 그 비즈니스가 family business면 해도 된다.
(3) 예외의 예외:
i) family business라 해도 판사가 근무하는 법원에서 그 비즈니스 관련 분쟁이 종종 일어나면 매니저 하면 안된다.
ii) 그 비즈니스가 법을 위반하고 있는 것이라면 안된다.
iii) 너무 많은 시간을 할애하는 것이나 자주 참여해야 하는 것이라면 안된다.
210
변호사는 partnership이 소멸된 후 the right to practice를 제한하는 합의를 할 수 있다.
없다
211
one client가 another client를 the same proceeding에서 소송을 제기했는데 동일한 firm의 상이한 두 변호사가 맡게 될 경우, 이는 conflict of interest를 해결하기 위하여 고객의 동의를 요구할 수 없는 사안이다.
Yes
212
동의가 있어도 안되는 것들
(1) 특허권자를 대리하던 변호사는 그 특허권자를 피고로 하는 특허무효소송이나, 사용계약 무효소송을 동의가 있어도 수임할 수 없다.
(2) 범죄자를 위해 소송비용을 대신 지불하는 제3자가 변호사의 independence 또는 professional judgment를 방해하는 것은, 변호사가 동의를 했어도 안된다.
(3) one client가 another client를 same proceeding에서 소송을 제기했는데 동일한 firm의 상이한 두 변호사가 맡게 될 경우
(4) 변호사와 고객이 통정을 한 경우, 고객이 동의를 했어도 징계대상이다.
213
Judge campaign committee는 언제부터 contribution을 받을 수 있나?
election이 있기 1년 전부터
214
lawyer는 nonlawyer인 직원들의 실수에 대해 무조건 책임을 진다.
No. nonlawyer인 직원들의 실수에 대하여 변호사가 명령을 하거나 그러한 실수를 승인하거나 그러한 실수에 구제책을 행할 합당한 시간에 그러한 실수에 대하여 알았지만, 합당한 구제책을 행하지 않은 경우에 변호사는 책임을 지는 것이지 무조건 nonlawyer인 직원의 실수에 respondeat superior에 의하여 책임을 지지는 않는다.
215
일반적으로 a government lawyer가 a person에 대한 confidential government information을 얻었으며, 그러한 정보가 that person에게 심각한 불이익을 가져다 준다면, a private client를 변론할 수 없으나, 반드시 the information은 confidential해야만 한다. 또한, 이러한 경우 the person의 동의가 있다면, the person을 위하여 변론할 수 있다.
Yes
216
Settlement시 반드시 변호사는 상대방에게 outside legal advice를 받을 것을 충고해야 하나, 서면으로 할 필요는 없다.
No. 서면으로 충고해야 한다.
217
Bar exam에 응시하는 applicant는 the invasion of privacy provision of the State Constitution에 대한 질문에 대한 답을 거부할 수 있으나, privilege against self-incrimination에 대한 질문은 bar applicant에 대한 질문에 해당이 되지 않으며, 심지어 질문이 privilege against self-incrimination에 해당된다고 하더라도, 이미 statute of limitation이 지난 범죄에 대하여는 privilege against self-incrimination에 해당되지 않는다.
Yes
218
반드시 변호사는 고객에게 full advise를 해주어야 한다. 다만, good faith를 가지고 이러한 정보는 필요 없겠지 라고 생각했다면 discipline위반은 아니다.
No. 설령, good faith를 가지고 이러한 정보는 필요 없겠지 라고 생각했을 지라도, the case와 관련된 모든 사안을 고객에게 고지해야 한다.
219
고객의 특별한 지시가 없다면, 고객을 변호하는데 필요한 정보를 얻기 위하여 필요한 부분까지 고객의 confidential information을 disclose할 수 있다. 문제에서 변호사가 관련된 사건의 전문가인 교수에게 자문을 구하기 위하여 고객의 confidential information을 disclose한 것은 정당한 것이다.
Yes
220
변호사는 the gift를 solicit하면 안된다. 만약 the gift가 substantial하다면 고객으로부터 unsolicited gift도 받으면 안된다.
No. the gift가 substantial하더라도 고객으로부터 unsolicited gift를 받을 수는 있다.
221
고객과 식사도중 피고의 defamation언어에 대하여 들은 경우, 변호사는 defamation한 사실을 증명할 정도로 고객의 사생활을 알지도 못하며, defamation의 진위가 issue가 되는 defamation action에서 defamation의 진위여부를 증언할 정도로 고객의 사생활을 알지 못하므로, defamation action의 a necessary witness가 될 수 없다.
Yes
222
A full-time judge는 practice law를 해서는 안되므로, 자신의 가족에게 compensation없이 legal advice를 주거나, draft, and review document를 하는 것은 허용되지 않는다.
No. 가족에게는 허용된다.
223
A judge는 개인적으로 funds or other fund-raising activities에 참가할 수 없으나, planning fund-raising이나, management of the fund-raising, 또는, mere attendance는 가능하며, a speaker or guest of honor at an organization’s fund-raising event는 할 수 없다.
Yes
224
변호사가 a third-party neutral로 행동한 경우, the attorney-client privilege를 주장할 수 있다.
No. 변호사가 단지 a third-party neutral로 행동하였다면, the attorney-client privilege를 주장할 수 없다.
225
공직자리를 바라면서 contribution을 한 변호사는 만일 자신이 지지한 사람이 judicial candidate가 되어 contribution한 변호사가 공직을 수락했다면, 징계의 대상이 되지만, 단지 변호사가 공직을 바라면서 contribution을 했다는 자체는 징계대상이 아니다.
Yes
226
변호사는 고객이 전과자라는 사실을 알고 있었으나, 법원의 컴퓨터의 오류로 인하여 판사가 고객의 전과기록을 보지 못하고 낮은 형량을 부과한 경우, 이러한 실수가 변호사나 고객이 범한 것이 아니긴 하지만 이를 밝히지 않은 건 징계대상이 된다.
No. 징계대상이 아니다. 즉, 법원이나 검사의 오류로 인하여 고객에게 이익이 돌아왔다면, 이러한 법원이나 검사의 실수를 알았다고 하더라도 그러한 실수를 법원이나 검사에게 말하여 정정할 의무는 없는 것이다.
227
변호사는 competent representation을 위하여 다른 변호사나 교수등과 같이 조언을 해줄 수 있는 사람에게 고객의 confidential information을 disclose하면서 까지 조언을 얻을 수 있다. 단, 필요한 부분까지만 disclose해야 한다.
Yes
228
both parties의 동의를 얻으면, conflict of interest가 발생한 소송에서 한 변호사가 피고와 원고 둘 다를 변호할 수 있다.
No. 아무리 both parties가 동의를 한다고 하더라도, 변호사가 conflict of interest가 발생한 소송에서 피고와 원고 둘 다를 변호할 수 없다.
민사사건에서 만일 변호사가 (1) 두 고객이 informed written consent를 했으며, (2) 사건을 분석한 결과 잠재적인 conflict에도 불구하고 효과적으로 두 고객을 대리할 수 있으며, (3) 고객이 사안에 대해 잘 이해했다면 두 고객을 함께 공동대리할 수 있으나, 결국 conflict가 발생했다면 반드시 변호를 철회하여야 한다.
이 때, 만일 변호사의 도움을 거절한 사람의 informed written consent가 있고, 계속적으로 변호를 요구하는 사람의 informed written consent가 있다면, 다른 한쪽을 계속해서 변론할 수 있다.
229
Sarbanes-Oxley Act는 고객이나 주주에게 substantial financial injury가 발생할 것 같은 a securities act violation을 방지하기 위하여 변호사가 reasonable belief한다면 고객의 confidential information을 disclose할 수 있다는 것이다. 그러나, 반드시 disclose해야 하는 것은 아니며, 변호사의 discretion에 달려 있다.
Yes
230
일반적으로 a nonprofit organization or a court에 의하여 sponsor되는 legal service programs에서 변호사가 legal service를 한 고객의 상대방을 변론하는 것은 conflict of interest rule에 위배가 된다.
No. 이는 conflict of interest rule에 위배되는 것이 아니며, 또한 quick, short-term legal service without any expectation을 제공한 the lawyer-advisor는 the client-advisee의 상대방을 상대로 the matter에 대하여 변론할 수 있다. 그러므로, 같은 firm에 있는 다른 변호사도 the client-advisee의 상대방을 변론할 수 있는 것이다.
231
변호사가 second job으로 택시운전을 할 때에는 “law-related service”가 아니기 때문에 ABA Model Rule이 적용되지 않으며, 단지 변호사는 변호사업무 이외의 어떠한 일을 하더라도 “conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation.”에 관련이 된 행위를 하였다면, 이는 징계대상이므로, 변호사가 택시운전을 하다가 요금을 속였다면, 이 또한 징계대상이다.
Yes
232
the discharge juror가 변호사에게 나가라고 한 이후에 또 다시 질문을 한 것은 징계의 대상이 되나?
Yes. 변호사는 (1) 법에 의하여 금지되거나, (2) 법원의 명령이나, (3) discharged juror가 변호사에게 대화를 원하지 않는다고 하거나, (4) 대화가 misrepresentation, coercion, duress, or harassment하지 않다면, the discharged juror를 만나서 대화할 수 있다. 그러므로, the discharge juror가 나가라고 한 것은 대화를 원하지 않는다는 의미이므로, 이후에 또 다시 질문을 한 것은 징계의 대상이 된다.
233
만일 잘못된 메일이 전달되었다고 생각한다면, 그 서류를 그만 읽고, 상대변호사 및 판사에게 이러한 사실을 고지해야 한다.
No. 상대변호사에게 이러한 사실을 고지해야 하지만, a judge에게는 고지할 필요가 없다.
234
discipline 절차에서 만일 hearing이 열린다면, the exclusionary rules은 적용되지 않는다.
Yes. 위법증거수집배제의 원칙은 적용되지 않는다.
235
discipline 절차에서 Beyond a preponderance of the evidence에 의하여 증명한다
YES
236
고객의 아닌 사람의 emergency action에 대해compensation은 받을 수 있다.
NO. 고객의 아닌 사람의 emergency action에 대한 compensation은 받을 수 없다.
237
confidential 정보의 Disclosure시에는 고객의 informed consent가 요구되지만, use시에는 고객의 informed written consent가 요구된다.
YES
238
written이 아닌 informed consent만 요구되는 경우
(1) confidential 정보의 disclosure
239
원래 고객의 신원을 밝히는 것은 attorney-client privilege에 해당하지 않으므로, hit and run사건의 변론시 고객의 신원을 밝히는 것은 허용된다.
No. 원래 고객의 신원을 밝히는 것은 attorney-client privilege에 해당하지 않으나, hit and run사건의 변론시 고객의 신원을 밝히는 것은 그가 hit and run driver라는 것을 밝히는 것과 같은 효과가 있기 때문에 신원을 밝히면 안된다.
240
자신이 변호하고 있는 사건이 pending된 상태에서 자신의 고객을 상대로 하는 다른 소송의 수임의뢰가 있을 경우 비록 소송의 원인이 현격히 다르긴 하여도 양당사자의 동의가 없는 한 사건을 수임할 수 없다.
Yes. 하지만 사건이 종결된 경우는, 소송의 원인이 현격히 다르다면 수임 가능하다.
241
친척관계에 있는 고객을 대리하는 변호사들이 원고와 피고를 대리시 consent를 필요로 하며 이러한 종류의 conflict는 personal in nature이므로 같은 회사의 다른 변호사에게 영향을 미치지 않는다.
Yes
242
A가 공직에서 얻은 X의 정보가 A가 개인사무실을 열고 D를 변호할 때 모든 정황상 D가 범인이 아니라 공직생활 중에 얻은 X에 대한 정보를 비추어 보아 X라고 생각될 때, A는 X에 대한 정보를 이용하여 소송을 진행할 수 있다.
No. A는 X에 대한 철저한 조사를 요청하고, the court에 사임을 요청한다.
243
Law clerk은 자신의 legal career에서의 단지 임시적인 첫번째 단계라 생각되므로 특별하게 다루어진다. 그러므로, law clerk이 계속중인 소송의 당사자와 고용협의를 하는 것은 judge에 보고하면 허락된다.
Yes
244
강연후 개인적인 상담시에도 privilege가 적용된다.
No. 강연후 개인적인 상담시에는 privilege가 적용이 되지 않기 때문에 독립적인 개인변호사를 선임할 것을 권고해 주어야 한다.
245
특허권 침해 소송중인 변호사는 대출을 위한 특허권 평가를 금지한다.
Yes
246
the extensions of time to plead or respond to discovery를 judge나 other official에게 구하는 경우, 상대방에게 adequate notice를 해야한다.
No. 단지 the extensions of time to plead or respond to discovery를 judge나 other official에게 구하는 것은 상대방에게 adequate notice없이도 허락된다.
247
변호사는 심지어 the organization이 자신의 regular clients의 이익에 반하는 사람에게 service를 제공한다고 하더라도 the legal services organization의 이사나 회원, 또는 간부가 될 수 있다. 그러나, 만일 자신의 고객과 conflict of interest or adversely affect된다면, the organization의 결정에 참여할 수 없다.
Yes
248
Federal law는 사고 후 __일까지 사고 피해자와의 접촉을 금지한다.
45일
249
교직원연합회와 같은 단체에 참석하여 legal service에 대한 강연을 요청받은 변호사는 강연이 끝난 후 group members 개개인에게 solicitation을 해서는 안된다.
No. 된다
250
만일 judge가 개인적으로 party라면 the duty to abstain from comment가 적용이 되지 않으나, judge가 공적으로 party라면 the duty to abstain from comment가 적용이 된다.
Yes
251
Judge는 law school, educational institution의 the board가 될 수 있다.
No. law school이 아닌 public educational institution의 the board가 될 수 없으나, a public law school과 any private educational institution의 the board는 될 수 있다.
252
변호사는 contingent fee의 형태로 소송의 subject matter가 되는 것으로부터 interests를 얻을 수 있다. Movie가 소송의 subject matter가 된다면, 변호사는 movie에 대한 수익의 일정부분을 contingent fee의 형태로 받을 수 있다.
Yes
253
변호사가 회사로부터 주식을 주당 30불에 팔 권한을 받은 후, 28불에 팔라는 buyer의 전화를 받고, 48불이 아니면 팔지 않겠다고 한 것은 징계의 대상이다.
No. 이러한 말은 mere puffery, a conventional bargaining ploy일 뿐이므로, 징계의 대상이 아니다.
254
Federal judges는 a specially constituted group of other federal judges의 recommendation이 있을 때 징계를 받을 수 있다.
Yes
255
A full-time judge는 practice law를 할 수 없으나, attorney for the executor(유언집행자)는 할 수 있다.
No. 유언집행자도 안된다.
256
A lawyer is required to report a committed violation by another lawyer to the appropriate professional authority. Who is the appropriate authority if the matter is in litigation?
Trial judge
257
고인이 된 client의 쪽지에 적힌 정보는 변호사가 이용 가능하다. 고인이 죽었기 때문에 그녀에게 해가 될 것이 없기 때문이다.
Yes
258
A lawyer may acquire a proprietary interest in the claim.
No. It is prohibited a lawyer acquiring a proprietary interest(지분 개념) in the claim. 예컨대, 보상금에서 $150,000가 넘는 부분은 다 fee이다. 라고 하는 건 보상금을 지분대로 나눠갖는 거와 마찬가지이므로, 최선의 변호가 되기 어렵기 때문에 금지하는 것이다.
259
A lawyer must inform the client of any relevant circumstances such as a lack of competency.
Yes
260
contingency fee를 받으면 안되는 경우
criminal matter
| domestice matter
261
검사가 plea offer를 한 것을 변호사가 받아들이지 않았어도, 검사는 알아서 낮은 형량을 구형할 수 있다.
Yes. 높은 형량 낮은 형량 아무거나 다 할 수 있다.
262
이전 정부기관에서 personal and substantial participation한 사건을 이직한 현재 로펌의 다른 변호사가 맡을 수 있는 방법
(1) 만일 변호사가 그 사건을 담당하지 않으며, (2) 그 사건에 대한 어떠한 대가도 받지 않으며, (3) 정부기관에게 합리적인 고지(written)를 하였다면 변호사가 속한 로펌에서는 그 사건을 수임할 수 있다.
263
CONFLICTS WHEN PRIVATE LAWYERS CHANGE JOBS
변호사가 A 로펌에 다니면서 맡은 사건(a 변호)에 대하여 B로펌으로 이직후 자신이 A로펌에 있었을 때 맡은 사건과 관련된 사건은 고객(a)의 informed, written consent가 없다면 변호사 뿐만 아니라 B로펌의 변호사도 수임할 수 없다.
264
(1) 가능한 solicitation 방법
| (2) 안되는 거
(1) written
(2) in person, by phone, and calling or sending "real-time electronic communications (다만 relative나 formal client한테 하는 건 괜찮다)
265
Law firm can be subject to discipline.
No. The ABA model does NOT subject the law firm to discipline, only the involved individuals.
266
A lawyer should not accept compensation from a third party if there is interference with the client-lawyer relationship.
Yes. 이사와 회사 간에 interference가 있는 경우, 이사와 제3자의 소송에 대해 이사의 변호사는 회사로부터 돈을 받아선 안된다.
267
범죄에 관한 일이 아니고 전략 등에 대해 고객이 자신의 고집을 내세운다고 해서 변호사가 그 이유로 사임해서는 안된다.
Yes
268
변호사는 자신이 주로 활동하는 법정의 판사 후보를 공개적으로 지지해서도 안되고 기부를 해서도 안된다.
된다!!
269
A lawyer is usually required to report misconduct by another lawyer if the violation raises a substantial question as to the lawyer's trustworthiness or fitness as a lawyer even if the information to be reported is protected under the client confidentiality rules.
No. An exception applies if the information to be reported is protected under the client confidentiality rules. (다른 변호사의 잘못된 일은 보고해야 할 의무가 있지만 그 변호사의 고객이 하지 말라고 했으면 하지 말아야 한다)
270
일반적으로 attorney가 lacks experience and competence인 경우, (1) associate co-counsel하거나 (2) 사임해야 한다.
client의 동의는 effective하지 않다.
271
"나(변호사)를 해임하려면 최소 30일 전 노티스를 줘야한다"라는 계약이 유효한가?
No. The client decides the objectives of the representation which includes the potential termination of the lawyer and a lawyer must withdraw from representing a client if she is discharged.
272
A judge may accept a gift incidental to a public testimonial.
Yes. 공공 기념품(?)에 부수적인 선물은 받을 수 있다.
273
A judge serving as a fiduciary trustee is deemed to have a financial interest in the corpus of the trust.
Yes. 신탁 관리자로서 수행하는 판사는 그 신탁된 것에 대해 재정적인 이해관계를 갖는 것으로 간주된다.
274
The comparison to other law firms following the dollar judgment recoveries could lead a reasonable person to conclude that the comparison can be substantiated
Improper. 로펌 광고에서 고객이 배상받은 금액을 쓰고, 그 뒤에 다른 로펌과 비교하는 문구를 쓴 경우, 그러한 비교가 입증된 것처럼 보일 수 있으므로 improper.
275
로펌 광고에서, 고객이 배상받은 금액만을 쓰는 것
improper. 하지만 어느 정도의 사실관계를 쓰면 괜찮다.
276
A lawyer must withdraw if the civil lawsuit cannot be supported by a good faith argument.
Yes. MUST! 고객이 good faith가 아닌 선례를 남기면 안된다는 bad faith로 소송을 계속 진행하려고 하는 경우 사임해야한다.
277
lawyer는 non-lawyer와 무조건 파트너쉽을 형성하면 안된다.
No. If the entity delivers legal services. 따라서 회계사와 파트너쉽을 하는데 그 비즈니스가 회계 서비스만 제공하는 파트너쉽이라면 오케이.
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변호사가 현재 사건과 관계 없는 고객의 이전 범죄를 알았을 때, 이를 disclose해야 하나?
No. rule of confidentiality에 따라 하면 안된다. 그것이 현재 사건과 관계 없는 이전 범죄라서 하면 안되는 것이 아니라, representaion 중에 알게된 고객의 모든 정보는 rule of confidentiality에 따라 보호되는 것이기 때문이다.
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변호사는 고객의 illegal conduct에 대해 knowingly counsel or assist하면 안된다.
Yes. 체포 피하는 방법에 대해 알려주면 안된다.
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변호사는 상대방 당사자와 이야기해야 할 때, 변호사 선임 여부를 반드시 조사해야 한다.
No. 그런 의무는 없다. 다만 변호사가 선임된 당사자와 이야기하면 안된다는 것.
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변호사는 고객과 관려된 돈을 수령했을 때 즉시 고객에게 알려야 한다. "즉시" 알려야 하는 것에 대한 예외는 없다.
Yes. 고객이 그 돈을 흥청망청하게 쓸 거 같아 good faith로 잠시 맡아두는 것도 안된다.
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변호사 광고시 그 내용이 public domain이기만 하면 무조건 오케이다.
No. 변호사 광고는 false or misleading하지만 않으면 된다. public domain도 false or misleading할 수도 있으니까. public domain 여부는 판단기준이 안되고, false or misleading인지 여부가 판단기준이다.
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The practice of making appointments w/o reference to need will result in unnecessary appointments.
Yes. 판사가 자문인으로 변호사들을 appointment하는 건 되는데, 사건의 nature, complexity를 고려하지 않고 reference 없이 appointment하는 건 UNNECESSARY APPOINTMENTS이다.
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An attorney may provide client confidences in response to a grand jury subpoena even if the information may be protected by the attorney-client privilege.
No. grand jury 소환에서, 변호사는 고객의 비밀사항에 대해서는 말해야 하지만, attorney-client privilege 사항에 대해선 말하면 안된다.
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고객의 이름은 비밀사항(confidence)이지만, attorney-client privilege 사항은 아니다.
Yes. attorney-client privilege는 변호사와 고객의 "COMMUNICATION"만 해당하는 것이다.
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소송중 반대당사자의 범죄 사실을 알은 경우, 이는 내 고객의 confidential 사항이 아니므로 고객의 동의 없이 발설할 수 있다.
No. 대리 중에 알게된 모든 사실은 다 confidential 사항이다. 따라서 고객의 동의를 얻어야만 발설이 가능하다.
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A lawyer should not ask a person other than a client to refrain from voluntarily giving relevant information to another party unless the person is a relative or an employee or other agent of the client.
Yes. 변호사는 그 증인이 우리 사람(고객의 친척, 직원, 관계자)가 아닌 한, 증언하지 말라고 요청하면 안된다.
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If the clients initially agreed b/w themselves to be jointly represented, each may not revoke the consent and terminate the attorney's representation.
No. Even if the clients initially agreed b/w themselves to be jointly represented, each had an ABSOLUTE right at any time to revoke the consent and, like any other client, to terminate the attorney's representation. 원피고 모두 대리하는 사건에서, 당사자들이 절대로 이 변호사와만 한다고 계약했을지라도, 그 계약을 파기하고 다른 변호사를 선임할 수 있는 것이다.
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A legislator who is a lawyer but who is no longer practicing law may assist a constituent in its dealings with a state agency.
yes. assist받은 당사자가 이전 고객이었다고 해도, 이 사람은 더이상 lawyer업무를 하지 않는다면, OK
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representation 중에 알게된 정보 중 내 고객에게 불리한 정보는 굳이 밝힐 필요가 없다.
Yes. 그 정보의 속성(현재 내 대리와 관계없는 사항이라든지)이 문제가 아니라 내 고객에게 불리한 거라서 그런 거다.
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변호사 선임하지 않은 상대방 당사자와 커뮤니케이션시, 변호사는 변호사 선임하라는 충고를 반드시 해야 한다.
No. 그럴 의무는 없다. 단지 나는 이 소송과 관계 있는 사람이 아니라는(disinterested한 사람이라는) 걸 암시만 하지 않으면 된다.
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When a lawyer learns that a witness called by the lawyer has offered material evidence that is false, the lawyer must take reasonable remedial measures.
Yes. 자신이 내세운 증인이 위증한 걸 알았을 때, 사건이 종결되기 전이라면 그걸 remedy하도록 조치를 취해야 한다. MUST
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자신이 내세운 증인이 위증한 걸 알았을 때, 변호사가 remedy하기 위해 취할 수 있는 조치
(1) 고객과 만나서 나는 이걸 법원에 정직하게 말해야 할 의무가 있다고 알리고,
(2) 그니까 니가 이거 제대로 법원에 고백하라고 설득하고,
(3) 그런데 말을 안 들으면 법원에 알려야 한다.
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변호사 광고시, 상황극을 연출하면서 voice-over로 결과는 달라질 수 있다고 이야기했다고 해서 unjustified expectation이 생기지 않는 건 아니다.
No. 이 경우 unjustified expectation은 생기지 않는다. 따라서 단순히 misleading 이라고 생각하면 된다.
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자기가 갑자기 아파서 건을 다른 변호사에게 넘기려고 할 때, 고객으로부터 사전 동의를 받아야 한다.
Yes
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특히 형사 사건에서 변호사는 자기 혼자 업무를 능숙하게 보거나, 그 일을 능숙하게 할 co-counsel과 함께 해야 한다. 만약 능숙하지 않은 초짜 변호사를 지명하여 함께 하다가 고객에게 나쁜 결과를 줬다면 이는 negligence로 discipline받는다.
Yes
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The D's consent to the agreement relieved the sole practitioner of the responsibility of making sure that the appeal was timely filed.
No. The D's consent to the agreement did NOT relieve the sole practitioner of the responsibility of making sure that the appeal was timely filed.
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변호사는 소송이 끝나기 전에 이 소송의 media right를 주겠다는 고객의 제안을 받아들여도 된다.
No. Prior to the conclusion of a representation, a lawyer may NOT make an agreement with the client giving the lawyer media rights to an account based in substantial part on information relating to the representation. 그러한 제안은 받아들이면 안된다.
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이전 고객이 광고에 나와서 변호사를 칭찬하면서 voice-over로 백만불을 보상받았다고 하는 광고
misleading because it could lead a reasonable person to form an unjustified expectation that the same results could be achieved for other clients. 이러한 결과는 상황에 따라 달라진다는 코멘트가 있으면 일단 unjustified expectation은 아니다.
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prospective juror랑도 이야기하면 안된다.
Yes
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변호사는 상대방에게 어떠한 의무도 가지지는 않으므로, 제3자에게 intentional or negligent misrepresentation을 행해도 된다.
No. 변호사는 상대방에게 어떠한 의무도 가지지는 않으나, 제3자에게 intentional or negligent misrepresentation을 행하면 안된다
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소송 중이라도 public record에 관한 사항은 언론에 이야기해도 된다.
Yes
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Reciprocal referral agreement는 레스토랑과 맺어도 된다.
No. Reciprocal referral agreement는 other lawyer or nonlawyer professional과만 맺을 수 있다.
