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Science > Mr Kelly Year 9 > Flashcards

Mr Kelly Year 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an electron?

A

A negatively charged subatomic particle

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2
Q

What is a proton?

A

A positively charged subatomic particle

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3
Q

What is a neutron?

A

A neutron doesn’t have a charge

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4
Q

What is a group?

A

A group is a column of elements

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5
Q

What is an alkali metal?

A

Group one of the periodic table, they all have one electron in their outer shell

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6
Q

What is a halogen?

A

A halogen is in group 7 of the periodic table e.g: chlorine, bromine, iodine. They are highly reactive.

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7
Q

What is a period?

A

A horizontal row of the periodic table.

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8
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance that cannot be broken down made from one atom

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9
Q

What is a compound?

A

A compound is a pure substance made from more than one type of element chemically bonded together

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10
Q

Plum pudding model

A

The plum pudding model of the atom, proposed by J.J. Thomson, suggests that atoms resemble a pudding with positively charged substance (plum) and negatively charged electrons (seeds) embedded within it. This model was later replaced by the Rutherford model, depicting atoms as mostly empty space with a dense nucleus at the center.

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11
Q

List 3 properties of halogens

A

Highly reactive, toxic , strong odour

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12
Q

List 3 properties of alkali metals

A

Reactive , low density , single electron

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13
Q

List 3 properties of transition metals

A

Hard , conductive , high melting and boiling points

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14
Q

Who made the nuclear model?

A

Rutherford

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15
Q

What happens when an alkali metal reacts with oxygen?

A

It forms metal oxide

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16
Q

Determine the outcome of displacement reactions involving group 7 elements and their aqueous salts

A

in displacement reactions involving Group 7 elements and their aqueous salts, a more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from its salt solution. The displacement reaction proceeds according to the reactivity trend of halogens, with fluorine being the most reactive and iodine being the least reactive.

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17
Q

Explain the link between relative molecular mass and boiling point/melting point for group 7 elements.

A

The boiling and melting points of halogens increase as their molecular mass increases from fluorine to iodine. This is because larger molecules have stronger forces between them, requiring more energy to separate, leading to higher boiling and melting points.

18
Q

Why are noble gases found in group 0 not reactive?

A

Because they have a full outer shell of electrons

19
Q

What happens when an alkali metal reacts with chlorine?

A

It forms a metal chloride

20
Q

Why does the boiling points of noble gases increase with increasing relative atomic mass?

A

Noble gases boil at higher temperatures as they get heavier. This happens because the atoms become larger and have more electrons, making them stick together more strongly.

21
Q

How were earlier periodic tables arranged?

A

Based on atomic mass

22
Q

What were the findings of the Rutherford experiment?

A

Most of the atom is empty space, concentration of positive charge, dense nucleus, orbiting electrons around a positive sphere

23
Q

Which ions do metals form?

A

Positive ions

24
Q

What ions do non-metals form?

A

Negative ions

25
Q

How did the scattering experiment lead to a change in the atomic model?

A

Scattering experiment: Alpha particles passed through gold foil but some were deflected, leading to discovery of dense atomic nucleus.

26
Q

How many elements and atoms are in the compound H2O

A

2 hydrogen atoms
1 carbon atom

27
Q

How many atoms and elements are in carbon dioxide aka CO2

A

1 carbon atom
2 oxygen atoms

28
Q

How many atoms and elements are in methane CH4

A

1 carbon atom
4 hydrogen atoms

29
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water using chlorophyll and sunlight equals glucose + oxygen

CO2 and H2O are the reactants
Glucose and oxygen are the products of

30
Q

How are leaves adapted for photosynthesis

A

Big surface area for absorbing light
Chloroplasts near top of leaf nearest most light
Underside is covered with stomata
Stomata help let carbon dioxide in and oxygen to diffuse out

31
Q

What 2 things do plants take from the soil

A

Water and minerals

32
Q

How is the energy transferred from respiration used

A

Growth, living processes, synthesising molecules

33
Q

Name 3 things organisms need energy for

A

Metabolism, movement, supporting growth

34
Q

Describe the process of anaerobic respiration in humans and micro organisms including fermentation

A

Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen it begins with glycolysis where glucose is broken down into smaller molecules called pyruvate then pyruvate turns into lactic acid or in some micro organisms like yeast it turns into ethanol and carbon dioxide

35
Q

What is fermentation

A

Fermentation is a metabolic process where micro organisms convert sugars into other compounds in the absence of oxygen

36
Q

What are the differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration and describe the implications for the organism

A

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen unlike anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide, water and glucose
Anaerobic respiration produces in humans lactic acid or ethanol and carbon dioxide in micro organisms like yeast anaerobic respiration produces less energy and only occurs in low oxygen level environment

37
Q

What is an abiotic factor

A

Abiotic factors are non-living things in an environment, like temperature, sunlight, water, and soil. They affect living organisms and how they interact in their habitats.

38
Q

List 3 abiotic factors

A

Light intensity, temperature , soil pH

39
Q

What is a biotic factor

A

Biotic factors are living things in an ecosystem, like plants and animals. They interact with each other and their surroundings, influencing the ecosystem’s balance and health.

40
Q

How is a phlegm adapted to its environment

A

Phlegm, a respiratory mucus, is adapted to its environment:
- Moisture: Keeps respiratory tract moist for gas exchange.
- Trap: Catches dust and pathogens, protecting lungs.
- Ciliary Movement: Cilia move phlegm and particles out.
- Antimicrobial: Contains immune components, fighting infections.

41
Q

What is biodiversity

A

Variety of all different species on earth within an ecosystem

42
Q

List a few types of waste pollution

A

Acidic gases in the air
Toxic chemicals in water
Landfill on land
These are atmospheric pollutants

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