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MRCS Flashcards

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1
Q

Optic canal

A

II - optic nerve

Opthalmic artery

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2
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A 
III - oculomotor
IV - trochlear
VI - abducens
V1
Opthalmic veins

Live Frankly To See Absolubtley No Insult
Lacrimal
Frontal
Trochlear
Superior oculomotor
Abducens
Nasocillary
Inferior oculomotor
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3
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

V2

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4
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery

Meningeal branch of Mandibular nerve (V3)

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5
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

Greater petrosal nerve

A branch of the facial nerve (7) which supplies the lacrimal ducts

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6
Q

Foramen cecum

A

Emissary veins

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7
Q

Jugular foramen

A

IX + X + XI

Internal jugular vein

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8
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Ascenting 11
Vertebral arteries
Brainstem

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9
Q

Foramen ovale

A 
Otic ganglion
V3
Accessory meningeal artery
Lesser petrosal nerve (branch of IX innervates parotid)
Emissary veins
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10
Q

IV eye movements

A

Superior oblique

Palsy - up and out

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11
Q

VI eye movements

A

Lateral rectus

Palsy - medial

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12
Q

CN III palsy

A

Down and out

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13
Q

Gastrin

A

acts on parietal cells, increases stomach acid

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14
Q

Pepsin

A

Secreted with gastrin

Breaks down protein

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15
Q

Secretin

A

Inhibits acid

Secretes bile and pancreas

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16
Q

GIP

A

Inhibits parietal cells

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17
Q

Histamine

A

Acts on parietal cells to increase acid

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18
Q

Cholecystekinin

A

Inhibits parietal cells

Gallbladder contraction

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19
Q

VIP

A

Stimulates pancreas and intestines

Inhibits acid and pepsin

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20
Q

Somatostatin

A

Inhibits everything, makes gastric mucous

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21
Q

Functions of the facial nerve

A

Muscles of facial expression
Stapedius muscle
Anterior 2/3 taste
Parasympathetic fibres - lacrimal and salivary glands

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22
Q

Drainage of testicular veins

A

R vein goes RIGHT into the IVC

Left vein LIKES the kidneys

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23
Q

Cerebral perfusion pressure

A

Cerebral perfusion pressure= Mean arterial pressure - intra cranial pressure

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24
Q

Mean arterial pressure

A

Diastolic pressure+ 0.333(Systolic pressure- Diastolic pressure)

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25
Cerebral aqueduct/ aqueduct of Sylvio
Connents 3rd-4th ventricles
26
4th ventricle to subarachnoid space
Foramen of Luschka + Magendie
27
Lateral ventricles to 3rd ventricle
Foramen of Munro
28
Brown tumour
Hyperparathyroidism
29
Calcium oxalate stones
Most common, radiopaque | Hyper calsuria
30
Uric acid stones
Low urinary pH Metabolic disorders Radiolucent
31
Cysteine stones
Inherited metabolic | Radiodense
32
Calcium phosphate stones
Renal tubular acidosis type 1+3 - hurts to pee | Radiodense
33
Struvite stones
Mg + ammonium + phosphate Urease producing bacteria Slightly radio-opaque
34
colorectal, endometrial, renal, CNS cancers
HNPCC/ Lynch syndrome
35
Lynch syndrome genetics
Mismatch repair | Also called HNPCC
36
Colon, rectum, gastric, duodenum
FAP
37
FAP genetics
APC | 100% cancer risk
38
Gardener syndrome
Desmoid tumours, mandibular osteomas
39
Harmatomatous polyps
Peutz-Jeghers
40
Breast + thyroid + harmatomas
Cowden syndrome
41
PTEN gene
Cowden syndrome
42
Polyposis, colonic and CNS tumours
Turcot's syndrome
43
Muscles - musculocutaneous
BBC Brachialis Biceps brachi Coracobrachialis
44
Function musculocutaneous nerve
Flex and supinate arm | Sensation to anterolateral forearm
45
Axillary nerve muscles
DT Deltiod Teres minor
46
Upper lateral cutaneous nerve - origin and function
Axillary nerve | Regimental patch
47
Radial nerve function
Sensation to lateral lower upper arm, posterior arm and forearm, dorsal lateral 3.5 digits Motor - posterior arm and forearm
48
Radial nerve muscles
Triceps Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Supinates forearm Extends wrist and fingers
49
Median nerve sesation
Palmar lateral 3.5 digits
50
Median nerve motor function
Pronate and flex | Most anterior forearm structures
51
Median hand muscles
``` Bread loaf Lateral lumbircals Opponens pollucis brevis Abductor pollucis brevis Flexor pollucis brevis ```
52
Median nerve palsy
Pope's blessing
53
Radial nerve palsy
Claw hand
54
Ulnar nerve muscle function
Flexes
55
Ulnar nerve muscles
All muscles of the hand apart from loaf Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum profundus
56
Froment's sign
Ulnar nerve palsy | Can't stop paper being pulled out of pincer grip
57
Sarcomas, leukaemias, breast, brain, adrenal, colon
Li-Fraumeni
58
Association with PSC
UC
59
Association with PBC
Rheumatoid, scleroderma, thyroid
60
Hyatid cyst
Sheep farmer, dog breed | Echinococcus
61
Bone for skull foramen
Sphenoid bone | Temporal then occipital
62
Drainage prostate
internal iliac
63
Exopthalmos, diaphragm hernia + bilious vomiting
Intestinal malrotation
64
Posterior shoulder dislocation
Seizure, electrocution
65
Mid-inguinal point
Artery
66
Mid-point of inguinal ligament
Deep inguinal ring
67
Posterior belly digastric
Facial nerve
68
Anterior belly digastric
Mylohyoid nerve
69
Otalgia
Glossopharyngeal nerve
70
Galaezzi fracture
Radial # | Dislocation radio-ulna joint distally
71
Smith's #
Backwards FOOSH
72
Bennett's #
Intracapsular # of 1st carpometacarpal joint
73
Monteggia's #
Ulna # | Dislocation of distal radio-ulna joint
74
Pott's #
Bimalleolar ankle # with eversion
75
Barton's #
Radial # WITH radiocarpal dislocation
76
Holstein Lewis #
Humeral # affecting radial nerve
77
Ivor Lewis Oesophagectomy
Middle and distal 1/3 oesophagous tumours
78
Bile salt reabsorption
Ileum
79
External laryngeal
Cricothyroid
80
Leriche syndrome - cause and association
Impotence, glute muscle loss and claudication | Atherosclerosis of aorta + iliac vessels
81
Right shift O2 curve (pneumonic)
``` CADET CO2 Acidosis DPG Exercise Tempearture Increased O2 requirement by tissues ```
82
Intracellular fluid
60-65%
83
Extracellular fluid
35-40%
84
Plasma
5%
85
Interstitial fluid
24%
86
Transcellular fluid
3%
87
FLow volume loop
Upper airway compression
88
Gerotas fascia
Kidney
89
Denonvilliers fascia
Prostate and rectum
90
Bucks fascia
Base of penis
91
Sibsons fascia
Lung apex
92
Waldeyers fascia
Posterior ano-rectal fascia
93
Cardioeosophageal junction
T11
94
OOH # fixation
Marine life, sewage, vascular compromise, polytrauma | All 3C #s
95
Carbimazole action
Inhibits TPO
96
Mandibular nerve branches
``` LIMAN Lingual Inferior alveolar Mylohyoid Auriculotemporal Mental ```
97
Necrolytic migratory erythema
Glucagonoma | WIll have erythematous vesicular rash
98
C4 dermatome
Collar bone
99
C5 dermatome
Shoulder tip
100
C6 dermatome
Thumb
101
C7 dermatome
Middle finger
102
C8 dermatome
Little finger
103
T4 dermatome
Nipple
104
T7 dermatome
Xiphoid
105
T10 dermatome
belly button
106
L1 dermatome
Inguinal ligament
107
L4 dermatome
Medial malleolus
108
L5 dermatome
Top of foot
109
S1 dermatome
heel
110
C5 myotome
Shoulder abduction
111
C6 myotome
Biceps
112
C7 myotome
Tricep extension
113
C8 myotome
Wrist flexion
114
T1 myotome
Finger abduction
115
L2 myotome
Hip flexion
116
L4 myotome
Knee extension
117
L5 myotome
Dorsiflexion
118
S1 myotome
Plantarflexion
119
Omphalocoele
Organs in the peritoneal sac
120
Gastroschisis
Isolated abnormality, bowel lies outside abdominal wall through defect located to right of umbilicus.
121
Exomphalos
Liver and gut remain covered with membranous sac connected to umbilical cord. It is associated with other developmental defects.
122
Yersinia enterocolitica
Appendicitis mimic, ileitis
123
Lateral winged scapula
Spinal nerve - NOT the long thoracic
124
Deep posterior compartment of the leg
``` Tibialis posterior Popliteus Flexors digitorum + hallucis longus Posterior tibial artery and veins Tibialnerve Fibular artery and veins ```
125
Anterior compartment
``` Extensor muscles... Tibialis anterior Extensors Fibularis tertius Anterior tibial artery and veins Deep fibular nerve ```
126
Lateral compartment
Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis | superficial fibular nerve
127
Superficial posterior compartment
Superficial flexors.. Soleus, gastrocnemius, plantaris NO NV structures!!
128
Anterior anal fistulae
Opens where it is
129
Posterior anal fistulae
Will open at the midline
130
Gastrosplenic ligament
Short gastric vessels | Left gastroepiploic vessels
131
Scan when we know kidney is damaged
MAG 3
132
Dorsalis pedis origin
Tibialis anterior
133
Nerve supply adductors
Obturator nerve
134
Vasopressin
ADH
135
Monopolar
Vaporise and fulgarate | Cutting and coagulation mode
136
Bipolar
Between forceps | Mnimal tissue damage to surrounding structures
137
CUSA
USS | Seal and coagulate tissues
138
Operational audit
Future based audit | Operational policies and objectives
139
Departmental review
Administrative functions. Assetts, recources, compliance with laws and regulations
140
Standards based audit
Comparison of care against standards
141
Systems based audit
Comparison of processes occuring in an institution
142
Increased anion gap
``` MUDPILES Methanol Uraemia DKA Propylene glycol Iron tablets Lactic acidosis Ethylene glycol Salicylates ```
143
Normal anion gap
``` HARDASS Hyperalimentation Addison's Renal tubular acidosis Diarrhoea Acetazolamide Spironolactone Saline infusion ```
144
Aspirin overdose (early)
Respiratory alkalosis
145
choanal atresia
Cyanosis which is worse on feeding, better on crying
146
Case-control
Odds ratio
147
Cohort study
Relative risk
148
Regional anaesthesia
Prilocaine - no cardiotoxicity
149
Carbon monoxide transfer factor raised in
``` Asthma Left-to-right shunts Polycythaemia Pulmonary haemorrhage the ALPs are High ```
150
Bevacizumab
Colorectal, renal, glioblastoma
151
Imatinib
GIST, CML
152
Basiliximab
Renal transplants
153
Cetuximab
EGF positive colorectal cancers
154
Wharton's duct
Submandibular
155
Stenson duct
Parotid gland
156
Gastric mucosal cells
Mucous and bicarbonate
157
Parietal cells secrete
HCl, Ca, Na, Mg, Intrinsic factor
158
Chief cells secrete
Pepsinogen
159
Ligament of Treitz
Duodenaljejunal flexure
160
Ligament of Treves
Between ilium and cecum
161
DIC consumes
Factors 5+8 + platelets
162
Incomplete cortical disruption
Buckle #
163
Drugs causing SIADH
A - analgesics (opiates, NSAIDs) B - barbituates C - cyclosporin, chlorpromazine, carbamazepine D - diuretics (thiazides)
164
Salter Harris
``` S- straight through A- above L- lower to plate T - through both growth plates E - everything - crushed/ compacted R - ruined ```
165
Drugs causing SIADH
A - analgesics (opiates, NSAIDs) B - barbituates C - cyclosporin, chlorpromazine, carbamazepine D - diuretics (thiazides)
166
Salter Harris
``` S- straight through A- above L- lower to plate T - through both growth plates E - everything - crushed/ compacted R - ruined ```
167
Crycothyroid
High voice tenses cords innervated by superior laryngeal nerve
168
Iliac vessels to IVC
L5
169
Incomplete nasolabial ring fusion
Isolated cleft lip
170
Inferior thyroid artery origin
Subclavian
171
Drainage inferior mesenteric vein
Splenic vein
172
Subclavian artery branches
``` VIT CD Vertebral Internal thoracic Thyrocervical Costalcervical Dorsal scapular ```
173
Rectal blood supply (3)
Superior rectal artery from inferior mesenteric artery Middle rectal artery from the internal iliac artery Inferior rectal artery from the internal pudendal artery
174
P.E ABG
Respiratory alkalosis
175
High output stoma
Octreotide
176
HIV and deranged LFTs
Sclerosing cholangitis
177
Painful 3rd nerve palsy
Posterior communicating artery aneurysm
178
Supracondylar #
Median nerve at risk
179
J Wave on EC
Hypothermia
180
Proximal scaphoid #
Surgical fixation
181
BPH
Median lobe
182
Prostate ca
posterior lobe
183
Ureterblood supply
Renal vessels, aortic branches, gonadal vessels
184
Sciatic nerveorigin
L4-S3
185
Marfan's genetics
Fibrilin gene
186
FFPcauses
urticarial reactions
187
Kidney transplant
External iliac vessels
188
Insertion into lesser troch
Psoas
189
Left kidney hilum
L1
190
Atropine
Inhibits parasympathetic activity
191
Porta hepatis
Portal vein (posterior) Hepatic artery Common hepatic duct Occluded in the Pringle manouver
192
Pes anserious
Gracilis, sartorius, semitendinosus | Attach on the medial aspect of the tibia
193
Pec minor nerve
Medial pectoral nerve
194
Pec major nerve
Medial and lateral pactoral nerve
195
Thoracodorsal nerve innervates
Lat dorsi
196
Single duct producing clear +- bloody discharge
ductal papilloma
197
Varicies drain into
Hemiazygous veins
198
Crutch palsy
Radial nerve
199
VMA
Phaeochromocytoma
200
HIAA
Carcinoid
201
Greater petrosal nerve
Lacrimation
202
Mirizzi sx
Gallstone impacted in Hartman's pouch
203
Extravisation of contrast media
Hyaluronidase, TPN and vinca alkaloids
204
Intestinal cells of Cajal
GIST
205
Stipple cells
Lead poisoning
206
Pappenheimer bodies
Hyposplenism
207
Dercum's disease
Lipomas
208
Aortic arch derivatives
``` MyStupid COusin, Right Ate Pidgeon Shite 1. Maxillary 2. Stapedial 3. Common carotid 4. Aortic arch + R subclavian 5 missing 6. Pulmonary 7. Subclavian ```
209
Right horn aortic embryology
Brachiocephalic trunk
210
Left horn aortic embryology
Ascending aorta
211
AAA monitoring
3-4.4cm yearly 4. 5-5.4cm 3 months 5. 5cm repair
212
High HCO3-
Metabolic alkalosis
213
Median nasal prominance fails to fuse with the maxillary prominance
Cleft lip/ palate

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