Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MRCS > MRCS A > Flashcards

MRCS A Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Nerve commonly injured during inguinal hernia surgery?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nerve commonly injured during posterior triangle LN biopsy?

A

Accessory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nerve commonly injured when using Lloyd-Davies stirrups?

A

Common perineal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nerve commonly damaged during thyroidectomy?

A

Recurrent laryngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nerve commonly damaged during anterior resection of rectum?

A

Hyogastric autonomic nerves (arise from pelvic splanchnic nerves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nerves that could be damaged during axillary LN clearance?

A

Thoracodorsal - innervates lat dorsi
Long thoracic - innervates serrates anterior (winging of scapula)
Intercostobrachial - cutaneous sensation axilla and medial aspect upper arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nerves commonly injured during varicose vein surgery?

A

Sural nerve (related to short saphenous vein) - lateral aspect of foot/calf
Saphenous nerve (related to long saphenous vein) - medial calf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nerve commonly injured during posterior approach to hip?

A

Sciatic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nerve commonly injured during carotid endarterectomy?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bochdalek hernia

A

Typically congenital diaphragmatic hernia
85% cases are located in the left hemi diaphragm
Associated with lung hypoplasia on the affected side
More common in males
Associated with other birth defects
May contain stomach
May be treated by direct anatomical apposition or placement of mesh. In infants that have severe respiratory compromise mechanical ventilation may be needed and mortality rate is high

Bochdalek hernia is a diseases of 3 P’s and 3 B’s
1- Birth defect (congenital)
2- Posterior located
3- Big
4- Bad Prognosis
5- Pulmonary hyPoPlais is common
6- Placement of mesh may be needed to treat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Morgagni Hernia

A

Rare type of diaphragmatic hernia (approx 2% cases)
Herniation through foramen of Morgagni
Usually located on the right and tend to be less symptomatic
More advanced cases may contain transverse colon
As defects are small pulmonary hypoplasia is less common
Direct anatomical repair is performed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Scrotum is drained by which LNs?

A

Inguinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Testis drained by which LNs?

A

Lumbar and para-aortic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cremasteric artery arises from…

A

Inferior epigastric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Artery of vas deferens arises from…

A

inferior vesical artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Layers of spermatic cord/scrotum

A

Some Damned Examiner Called It The Testes -
Skin, Dartos, External fascia (external oblique), Cremaster (internal oblique), Internal fascia (transversalis), Tunica vaginalis, Testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vit K dependent factors

A

2, 7, 9, 10 (mnemonic 1972)
Measured using PT

NB. warfarin also affects Protein C synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

APTT factors

A

8, 9, 11, 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Femoral hernia position?

A

Infero-lateral to pubic tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inguinal hernia position?

A

Supero-medial to pubic tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which blood product can cause iatrogenic gram positive organism infection?

A

Platelets (because stored at room temp)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which blood product can cause iatrogenic gram negative organism infection?

A

Packed red cells (because stored at 4c)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Organisms in Fournier’s gangrene?

A

Bacteroides and e. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Nec fasc most common organism?

A

Streptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Risks of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture (over 5 years)?
5-5.9cm = 25% 6-6.9cm= 35% 7cm and over = 75%
26
MEN 1
3 Ps: - Pituitary adenoma - Parathyroid hyperplasia - Pancreas MENIN gene - chromosome 11
27
MEN 2a
2Ps + 1M: - Parathyroid - Phaeochromocytoma - Medullary thyroid ca. RET oncogene - chromosome 10
28
Men 2b
1P + 2Ms: - Phaeochromocytoma - Medullar thyroid ca. - Marfanoid habitus / mucosal neuroma RET oncogene - chromosome 10
29
Erb's palsy - which roots affected? How does it present?
C5/6 Waiter's tip position Loss of shoulder abduction (deltoid and supraspinatus paralysis) Loss of external rotation of the shoulder (paralysis of infraspinatus) Loss of elbow flexion (paralysis of biceps, brachialis and brachioradialis) Loss of forearm supination (paralysis of Biceps)
30
Branches of posterior cord of brachial plexus?
S - subscapular (upper and lower) T - thoracodorsal A - axillary R - radial
31
Lateral hip rotators?
Superior to inferior: P - GO - GO - Q Piriformis Gemellis superior Obturator internus Gemelis inferior Obturator externus Quadratus femoris
32
Types of transplant
Isograft - identical twin/same DNA Allograft - non-related donor Autograft - self Xenograft - non-human
33
Popcorn cells - which lymphoma?
Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkins lymphoma
34
Hodgkins with best prognosis?
Nodular sclerosing
35
Hodgkins with worst prognosis?
Lymphocyte depleted
36
Von Hippel Landau syndrome?
Autosomal dominant Haemangiomas (cerebellar and retinal) Phaeo Renal or extra-renal cysts Endolymphatic sac tumours
37
Structures posterior to medial malleolus?
Anterior to posterior: posterior Tibialis flexor Digitorum longus tibial Artery tibial Nerve flexor Hallucis longus (Tom Dick And Nervous Harry)
38
Structures passing through greater and less sciatic foramen?
PIN (medial to lateral): Pudendal nerve Internal pudendal artery Nerve to obturator internus
39
Scrotal sensation nerve supply?
Anterior skin - ilioinguinal Posterior/perineum - pudendal
40
Arterial supply to adrenals?
Superior adrenal (branch of inferior phrenic artery) Middle (from aorta) Inferior adrenal (from renal artery)
41
Venous drainage of adrenals?
Left --> renal vein Right --> IVC
42
Which factors consumed in DIC?
5 and 8 plus platelets
43
Branches of subclavian artery?
VIT CD - Vertebral - Internal thoracic - Thyrocervical trunk - Costocervical trunk - Dorsal scapular
44
Femoral nerve innervates....?
Q SIP (queen sips tea): Quads (3x vastus + rectus femoris) Sartorius Iliacus Pectineus or MIS VQ Scan for PE Medial cutaneous nerve of thigh Intermediate cutaneous nerve of thigh Saphenous nerve Vastus Quadriceps femoris Sartorius PEctineus
45
3 sigma rule in stats?
68 - 95 - 99 68% of values lie within 1 SD of mean 95% within 2 SD 99% within 3 SD
46
Which nerve related to origin of middle meningeal artery?
Auriculotemporal nerve - supplies sensation to the external ear and outermost part of the tympanic membrane
47
Fascia that separates prostate from rectum?
Denonvilliers
48
Fascia that separates rectum from sacrum?
Waldeyers
49
Salter-Harris classification?
SALTR Straight across/slipped Above Lower Through Rammed
50
Porta hepatis contents?
VAD (posterior to anterior) portal Vein hepatic Artery hepatic Duct
51
Level of hyoid?
C3
52
Level of thyroid cartilage notch?
C4
53
Level of cricoid?
C6 Also; Junction of larynx with trachea Junction of pharynx with oesophagus Level at which the inferior thyroid artery enters the thyroid gland The level at which the vertebral artery enters the transverse foramen in the 6th cervical vertebra Level at which the superior belly of omohyoid crosses the carotid sheath The level of the middle cervical sympathetic ganglion The level at which the carotid artery can be compressed against the transverse process of C6 (carotid tubercle).
54
Lymph drainage of superior vagina?
Iliac nodes
55
Lymph drainage of inferior vagina?
Superficial inguinal
56
Branches of axillary artery?
Screw The Lawyer, Save A Patient Superior thoracic Thoracoacromial Lateral thoracic artery Subscapular Anterior circumflex humeral Posterior circumflex humeral 1 from 1st part, 2 from 2nd part, 3 from 3rd part
57
Papillary thyroid ca. route of spread?
Lymphatic
58
Follicular thyroid ca. route of spread?
Haematogenous
59
During dissection of saphenofemoral junction, which structure could be injured?
Deep external pudendal artery (lies deep to junction)
60
Layers during LP?
Skin --> Subcutaneous tissue --> Supraspinous ligament --> Interspinous ligament --> Ligamentum flavum --> Epidural space --> Dura --> Arachnoid --> Subarachnoid space 3S ILEDAS
61
Branches of external carotid artery?
Some angry lady figured out PMS Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior auricular Maxillary Superficial temporal
62
Muscles innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?
Biceps brachii Brachialis Coracobrachialis (BBC)
63
Structures passing through foramen ovale?
O - otic ganglion V3 - mandibular A - accessory meningeal artery L - lesser petrosal nerve E - emissary veins
64
Nerves passing through supraorbital fissure?
Live Frankly To See Absolutely No Insult Lacrimal Frontal Trochlear Superior division of oculomotor Abducens Nasociliary Inferior division of oculomotor 3,4, 5-1, 6
65
Which foramina does trigeminal nerve exit?
Standing Room Only V1 - superior orbital fissure V2 - rotundum V3 - ovale
66
Level of IMA?
L3
67
Level of SMA?
L1
68
Fluid resus burns?
2ml x TBSA % x kg Half in first 8 hours
69
Cranial nerve exits?
2244 2 cerebrum (I, II) 2 midbrain (III, IV) 4 pons (V, VI, VII, VIII) 4 medulla (IX, X, XI, XII) Cerebellopontine angle mass affects VII and VIII (7 and 8)
70
Most common parotid malignancy?
Mucoepidermoid, followed by adenoid cystic (latter characterised by perineurial invasion)
71
Branches of ICA?
Ophthalmic Posterior communicating Choroidal Anterior cerebral Middle cerebral Only Press Carotid Arteries Momentarily
72
Diaphragmatic apertures and structures?
T8 = IVC + Right Pherenic nerve T10 = esophagus + Both Vagii T12 = Aorta + azygous + thoracic duct I 8, 10Eggs, At12
73
Ureteric stones composition?
most common = calcium oxalate most radio dense = calcium phsphate cystiene = familial struvite = proteus mirabilis = stag horn = alkaline urine
74
Parasympathetics CNs?
1973
75
Most common thyroid ca.?
Papillary Lymphatic spread predominates
76
Second most common thyroid ca.?
Follicular Vascular spread predominates
77
Nerve damaged during urological or gynae surgery?
Obturator Supplied medial thighs and adductor muscles
78
Renal transplant pt viruses
< 6/12 since transplant = CMV > 6/12 since transplant = EBV

MRCS (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions