Mrs. Losoya ACP Review

Question 1

Mutualism

Answer 1

Both species benefit.

Ex- Bees and Flowers

Question 2

Commensalism

Answer 2

One species benefits the other is not affected

Ex- Whale and Barnacle

Question 3

Parasitism

Answer 3

One species benefits the other is harmed

Ex- Dog and a Tick

Question 4

Predation

Answer 4

One species benefits the other is killed

Ex- Lion and Gazelle

Question 5

Competition

Answer 5

Both species are harmed competing for resources

Ex- Two male deer competing for a female

Question 6

Carbon Cycle Sources

Answer 6

Respiration and Combustion (uptake through photosynthesis)

Question 7

Levels of Organization

Answer 7

Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome

Question 8

Eutrophication

Answer 8

Excess nutrients deplete oxygen levels in lakes and ponds

Question 9

Greenhouse Effect

Answer 9

Excess carbon gets trapped in the atmosphere and heats up the earth

Question 10

Biomolecules

Answer 10

The four molecules of life: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins

Question 11

Nucleic Acid

Answer 11

Stores genetic information. Example- DNA and RNA

Monomer: Nucleotide

Question 12

Carbohydrates

Answer 12

Quick energy for animals, makes up the cell wall in plants.

Monomer: Monosaccharide

Question 13

Monosaccharides

Answer 13

Simple sugars or 1 sugar (Ex- candy)

Question 14

Polysaccharides

Answer 14

Complex or many sugars (Ex- Starches)

Question 15

Lipids

Answer 15

Used for long term energy storage, insulation, and hormones

Monomer: Glycerol and Fatty Acids

Question 16

Protein

Answer 16

NOT used for energy unless needed. Forms structural component of cells, enzymes

Monomer: Amino Acids

Question 17

Nucleotide

Answer 17

Monomer of Nucleic Acid. Composed of a 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen base, and phosphate.

Question 18

Enzymes

Answer 18

Speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 19

Factors that Effect Enzymes

Answer 19

pH, temperature, amount of substrate, and presence of an inhibitor

Question 20

Enzyme Inhibitors

Answer 20

Competitive- Binds at the active site to prevent the substrate from attaching

Noncompetitive (also called allosteric)- binds somewhere other than the active site but changes the shape of the enzyme so nothing can fit together

Question 21

Prokaryote

Answer 21

Oldest Cells, Bacteria, Don’t have nucleus or membrane- bound organelles

Question 22

Eukaryote

Answer 22

More complex cells, have nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Ex- plants, animals, fungi, and protists

Question 23

Endosymbiosis

Answer 23

The theory that states that mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from free-living bacteria cells

Question 24

Mitochondria

Answer 24

Creates energy through the process of cellular respiration

Question 25

Chloroplast

Answer 25

Creates sugar in autotrophic organisms

Question 26

Cell Wall

Answer 26

Structure and support

Question 27

Cell Membrane

Answer 27

Allows materials in and out of the cell

Question 28

Ribosomes

Answer 28

Create Protein

Question 29

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 29

the base of the cell membrane composed of hydrophilic phoshate heads and hydrophobic lipid tails. Allows small materials in and out of the cell

Question 30

Selectively Permeable

Answer 30

The cell membrane only lets certain things through

Question 31

Hypertonic

Answer 31

A highly concentrated environment. Sucks water out of cells

Question 32

Hypotonic

Answer 32

Low concentration environment. Water fills the cell.

Question 33

Isotonic

Answer 33

A balanced solute concentration. Water enters and leaves the cell equally.

Question 34

Homeostasis

Answer 34

The act of keeping a constant internal balance

Question 35

Equation for photosynthesis

Answer 35

Light + CO2 + H2O > C6H12O6 + O2

Question 36

Equation for Respiration

Answer 36

O2 + C6H12O6 > H2O + CO2 + ATP

Question 37

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 37

Uses oxygen to make ATP. Very efficient

Question 38

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 38

Doesn't use oxygen to make ATP. Can be lactic acid or alcoholic. Not efficient

Question 39

Double Helix

Answer 39

The twisted ladder shape of DNA

Question 40

Nitrogen Bases

Answer 40

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) The sequence of these determines your traits

Question 41

Complementary DNA Base Pairs

Answer 41

A-T C-G

Question 42

DNA Replication

Answer 42

Making copies of DNA for cell growth and repair

Question 43

Primary Succession

Answer 43

Starts with bare rock; no soil. | Lichen is the pioneer species

Question 44

Secondary Succession

Answer 44

Starts with soil

Question 45

Synthesis

Answer 45

to create something

Question 46

Cell Cycle

Answer 46

The cycle of normal (body/nonsex) cells.

Question 47

Cancer

Answer 47

Uncontrolled cell growth caused by faulty checkpoints

Question 48

Mitosis

Answer 48

``` Cell Division. Stages are: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase ```

Question 49

Osmosis

Answer 49

The movement of water across a cell membrane

Question 50

Passive Transport

Answer 50

Does not require energy and moves from high to low concentration (with the gradient)

Question 51

Active Transport

Answer 51

Requires energy to move from low to high concentration (against the gradient)

Question 52

S-Phase

Answer 52

DNA Synthesis, DNA Replication, Doubles the amount of DNA

Question 53

Pioneer Species

Answer 53

The first species to appear in an area