Mr.v us history Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
Power
A
The ability to control someone or something
2
Q
Authority
A
Power with the right to control power.
3
Q
Christopher Columbus
A
Landed in Bahamas and sailed ocean blue on 1492.
4
Q
Stamp Act
A
The 1765 British decree taxing all legal papers issued in the colonies.
5
Q
King george the 111
A
He created the proclamation line ( Appalachian mountains ) that limited colonial expansion in North America. He enforced many tax laws on the colonist who thought it unfair with out representation in parliament. This tension stared the American Revolution.
6
Q
Articles of Confederation
A
The plan, ratified by the states in 1771, that established
7
Q
Legleslative branch
A
Concerning the branch of government (Congress) that makes laws. Congress is made up of representives.
8
Q
Parliament
A
The assembly of representatives who make laws in England.
9
Q
Boycott
A
A refusal to buy.
10
Q
Acqult
A
To declare innocent of a crime or wrong doing.
11
Q
Boston massacre
A
The clash in 1770 between British troops and a group of Bostonians in which 5 colonists were killed.
12
Q
Amendment 1
A
Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
13
Q
Amendment 2
A
Right to bear arms.
14
Q
Amendment 3
A
Quartering of solider.
15
Q
Amendment 4
A
Search and seizure
16
Q
Declaration of independents
A
The document adopted by the continental congress on July 4, 1776, establishing the United States as a nation independents of Great Britain.
17
Q
Treaty of Paris
A
The treaty ending the revolutionary war.
18
Q
Issue
A
Not an event-
19
Q
Uprising
A
An act or instance of uprising.
20
Q
Roanoke
A
Site of first English colony in the Americas started in 1585
21
Q
Colony
A
A settlement ruled by a distant parent country.
22
Q
Constitution
A
Our current framework of government - executive branch - legislative branch judicial branch
23
Q
Bill of rights
A
The first 10 amendments to the constitution, guaranteeing the basic rights of American citizens.
24
Q
John cocabot
A
English sailor trying to find northwest passage to China.
25
American revolution
177-1783 8 years war between the 13 coloniesand egland
26
Boston tea party
The protest agents egland in 1773.
27
Executive branch
Law enforcement
28
Judicial branch
Punishes lawbreakers
29
Amendment
Addition to a law
30
Amendment 5
Stops trail for a crime. You can not be tried for a crime twice.
Nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
31
Amendment 6
Right to a public or speedy trail.
32
Amendment 7
Right to trail by a jury in civil cases.
33
Amendment 8
Stops cruel and use wall punishment.
34
Amendment 9
Rights of people that are not listed.
35
Amendment 10
Freedom.
36
Constitutional convention
The meeting of state delegates in Philadelphia.
37
New Jersey plan
A plan that was denied.
38
Virginia plan
A plan that was denied.
39
Federalist
A person who favors the governments ideas.
40
Anti-Federalist
A person who opposed ratification of the Constitution.
41
Frontier Line
The land between civilization and wilderness.
42
Northwest Territory
The land north of the Ohio River & was created into 5 states.
43
Surveyed
To measure land to determine the exact boundaries of a given area. Used for townships
44
Northwest Ordinance
The 1787 law that set forth a plan of government for the townships 36 sq miles at one dollar an acre in the Northwest Territory. Created by Thomas Jefferson. The law banned slavery, gave freedom of religion and trial by jury. 60,000 citizens in territory to apply for statehood.
45
Republicanism
For the country to thrive its citizens need certain virtues. These include a sense of equality, simplicity, and to sacrifice for the public good.
46
Louisiana Purchase
The United States’ purchase from France (Napoleon) in 1803 of land west of the Mississippi. Jefferson purchased all 800,000 square miles for $15 million.
47
Lewis and Clark expeditions
The expeditions from 1804-1806 that explored the Louisiana Territory.
48
Pioneer
They lived in permanent homes on farms and brought civilization to the frontier. Last to enter frontier region.
49
Oregon Trail
The most famous route to the Pacific Northwest from Independence, Missouri to the Columbia River.
50
Relocate-
To move to another location.
51
Trail of Tears
The forced journey of the Cherokee Indians from their homes in Georgia to the lands in the West in 1838-1839.
52
Andrew Jackson
Our 7th president elected in 1829. Elected as a man of the frontier. He wrote Indian Removal Act. Nicknamed “Old Hickory.”
53
Dawes Act
A federal law that intended to turn turn Native american into farmers and land owners.
54
Carlisle School
Indian boarding school in Penn. 1879- 1918 - Used to assimilate Indians toward the white European culture.
55
Chief Justice John Marshall
A supreme court justice that voted in favor in letting Native Americas stay on native land in Georgia. President Jackson response was “Him and what army”- He refused to listen to the higher court.
56
Indian Removal Act
The 1830 law that authorized the president to move Eastern Indians to public lands west of the Mississippi.
57
Santa Fe Trail
An international trade route between the U.S.A and Mexico. Pioneered by William Becknell it connected Missouri with Santa Fe Mexico. Americans who used this trail went to Mexico for cheap land and caused tensions that led to Texas independence.
58
Mormon Trail
A wagon train led by Brigham Young in 1847 to present day Utah to avoid religious persecution. Known as the “Great Migration”
59
Sacajawea/Shoshoni Indians
She was a teenage Indian who helped navigate Lewis and Clark as they explored the Louisiana Purchase. This nomadic tribe gave horses to the expedition that was invaluable to the success of the journey to the Pacific Ocean.
60
Zebulon Pike
An army officer who lead an expedition in 1805 to the Southern half of the Louisiana purchase. He was hired to find the head waters of the Red River, but never found it. He never climbed the famous peak in Colorado that bears his name.
61
Tributary
A river that flows into a larger river.
62
Missouri Rive
To start the expedition it was the river which Lewis and Clark and other men traveled up in flat bottomed river boats called pirogues.
63
Adams-Onis Treaty
Signed in 1819, Spain sold Florida to the United States for $5 million.
64
Mormonism
A religion founded by Joseph Smith in 1820. After Smith’s death, followers followed Brigham Young to the Rocky Mountains as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS). The term Mormon comes from the Book of Mormon.
65
Emigrant
A person who leaves one place for another.
66
Oregon Country
The vast region of the Northwest surrounding the Columbia, Snake, and Fraser Rivers claimed by the British.
67
Oregon Trail
The most famous route to the Pacific Northwest from Independence, Missouri to the Columbia River.
68
South Pass
South Pass
69
Assimilate
To adopt the dominate culture. (i.e. dress, language & heritage.)
70
James K. Polk
Our 11th president. He told Congress,” Mexico has invaded our territory and shed American blood upon American soil.”
71
Mexican Cession
The land that Mexico Ceded to the US in 1848 under the terms of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
72
Gadsen Purchase
The deal from Mexico that got New Mexico and Arizona for $10 million.
73
California Gold Rush-
The mass migration in California following the discovery of gold in 1849.
74
Forty-Niner
A person who took part in the California Gold Rush.
75
Boom Town
- Town that grows rapidly in population as a result of sudden prosperity. (i.e. San Francisco)
76
77)Cede
To give up
77
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The treaty that ended the Mexican/American war and made the Rio Grande boundary to Texas.
78
Chapultepec-
A Mexican military academy in Mexico City that was defended by young Mexicans in the Mexican-American war. Captured by US forces 1847. Last battle in the Mexican American War.
79
The Battle of Goliad
More than 300 of Fannin’s men were gunned down after the Alamo by Santa Anna.
80
Tejano
A Mexican living in Texas in the 1800‘s.
81
)Battle of the Alamo-
1836 an attack with a mission (a church) in San Antonio by Mexican forces during the Texas revolution. Started over a cannon.
82
Battle of San Jacinto
1836 battle in which Texan force under Santa Anna were defeated by, Sam Houston and lost independence to Texas.
83
Annex
Add to existing country or area.
84
Mexican War
he 1846- 1848 war. Known as Polk’s War. It completed Manifest Destiny.
85
Oregon Treaty
Polk used the slogan “Fifty-four Forty or Fight” to seal this agreement making the 49th parallel dividing British North America and the United States in 1846.
86
Abolitionist
A person who worked in the movement to do away with slavery. Feelings started in the First Great Awakening in the north.
87
Salem Witch Trials
Trials in 1692 in the COLONY of Salem, Massachusetts that led to 20 peoples’ death after young girls charged people with practicing witchcraft.
88
First Great Awakening-
Religious movement in the 13 colonies around 1740. Descibed the agonies of Hell & urged people to go to church and repent their sins. Start of anti-slavery in the north.
89
Conestoga Wagon
A horse pulled covered wagon with wide wheels, curved wagon bed, and an arched canvas top.
90
Mill
A machine that processes materials such as grain. Used water power and were in the north.
91
Cotton Gin-
A machine designed to separate seeds from cotton fiber created by Eli Whitney. The machine increased the demand for slaves in the south.
92
92)Soil Exhaustion-
The overuse of fertile soil. Plantations went west as cotton used up the nutrients of the soil.
93
93)Sectionalism-
Loyalty to local interests. One of the issues that divided people was the issue of slavery.
94
Missouri Compromise/Compromise of 1820
Act in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and forbidding slavery north of the 36 30’ line.
95
Popular Sovereignty
The pre civil war policy of allowing the voters in a territory to decide whether or not to allow slavery
96
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The 1854 law creating the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowing settlers there to decide whether to permit slavery. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY. Both pro and anti slavery forces used violence to control people’s votes.
97
Three – Fifths Compromise
Created with the Constitution in 1778 to count FIVE slaves as THREE people for the census in the House of Reps. (CONGRESS) = House of Reps and Senate to create laws in the U.S
98
Economy
The way people use resources to make a living.
99
Middle Passage
The journey lasting 3 months of slave ships crossing the Atlantic from Africa.
100
Front
The area where two opposing armies meet on a battle field.
101
Triangular Trade
A trade route connecting three different places, such as, English Colonies, England, and Africa. Critical for the slave trade. Many trading companies in the north made large amounts of money selling slaves to the south after the Treaty of Paris.
102
Underground Railroad
Escape routes and hiding places that moved escaped slaves north. Harriet Tubman famous for running safe houses.
103
Dred Scott Case
The 1857 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that slaves were not citizens and that congress couldn’t forbid slavery in the territories. Slavery legal everywhere, no more “Free & Slave” states Slavery was guaranteed by Constitution in the US
104
First Battle Bull Run
The first major battle of the civil war, won by the confederates in 1862.
105
Richmond, Virginia
Capital of the Confederate States of America. The capital was moved to Montgomery, Alabama during the last year of the war
106
Platform-
A statement of goals, and principles of a group, especially a political party. (i.e. Abraham Lincoln wants to contain slavery where it exists)
107
Border State
Around the Civil war, a state between the North and the South (i.e. Missouri, Kentucky)
108
107. Confederate States of America- A nation formed by eleven southern states in 1861. South Carolina was the first to leave Union. This was to be the name of the new country. A new county based on slavery.
108 Jefferson Davis – President of the Confederate States of America.
