Mr.Van V history pd.2 Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
What is power?
A
The ability to control something or someone.
2
Q
What is authority?
A
Power with the right to control power.
3
Q
Who was Christopher Columbus?
A
Landed in Bahamas and sailed the ocean blue in 1492.
4
Q
Who is John Cabot?
A
English sailor trying to find the Northwest Passage.
5
Q
What is the stamp act?
A
The 1765 British decree taxing all legal papers issued in the colonies.
6
Q
Who is King George the third?
A
He created the Proclamation Line (Application Mountains) that limited colonial expansion in North America. He enforced many tax laws on the colonists who thought it unfair without representation in Parliament. This tension started the American Revolution.
7
Q
What are the articles of confederation.
A
the plan, ratified by the states in 1771, that established a national congress with limited powers (it couldn’t tax and raise money) It was replaced by the Constitution.
8
Q
What is the legislative branch?
A
The branch of government that makes laws.
9
Q
What is parliament?
A
The assembly representatives who make laws in England.
10
Q
What is a boycott?
A
A refuse to buy.
11
Q
What is the American revolution?
A
1783 an eight year war between the 13 colonies and England. George Washington was the leader of the Continental Army. 25,000 american and 10,000 British lost their lives in the war.
12
Q
What does Acquit mean?
A
To declare innocent of a crime of wrong doing
13
Q
What was the Boston Tea Party?
A
The 1773 protest against British trade policies in which Patriots boarded vessels of the East India Company and threw the tea cargo into Boston Harbor.
14
Q
What is the Executive Branch of government?
A
concerning the branch of government (President and Vice President) that enforces laws.
15
Q
What is the Judicial Branch of government?
A
concerning the branch of government (Supreme Court/Federal Courts) that interprets laws and punishes lawbreakers.
16
Q
What was the Boston massacre?
A
the clash in 1770 between British troops and a group of Bostonian s in which five colonists were killed.
17
Q
What was Amendment One?
A
freedom of religion,speech, press, assembly, and petition
18
Q
What was Amendment Two?
A
right to bear arms
19
Q
What was Amendment Three?
A
quartering of soldier
20
Q
What was Amendment Four?
A
prohibits search and seizure
21
Q
Declaration of Independence
A
the document adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, establishing the United States as a nation independent of great Britain.
22
Q
Treaty of Paris (1783)
A
the treaty ending the revolutionary war.
23
Q
issue - not an event
A
is ongoing- has long term effects- is something we can do something about - has two or more sides- If a policy can solve it- It’s not an issue.
24
Q
Uprising
A
an act of instance of rising up. Rebellion
25
Roanoke
site of the first English colony in the America’s started in 1585
26
Colony
a settlement ruled by a distant parent country
27
Constitution
our current framework of government- Executive Branch (president) - Legislative Branch (Congress) - Judicial Branch (Supreme Court) established in 1787
28
Bill of rights
the first ten amendments to the Constitution, guaranteeing the basic rights of American citizens
29
Amendment
A change or a addition to a legal document. This is why the constitution is called “Living Document”. Constitution has 27 amendments
30
Amendment 5
Prohibits trial for a crime except on indictment of a Grand Jury and double jeopardy.
31
Amendment 6
Right to a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury
32
Amendment 7
Right to trial by a jury in civil cases.
33
Amendment 8
Prohibits imposing cruel, unusual punishments and fines, prohibits granting excessive bails.
34
Amendment 9
Assures the recognition of those rights that people may have but are not listed here.
35
Amendment 10
Provides that the powers that are not given to the United States nor prohibited by the constitution are reserved to the states respectively or to the people.
36
Constitutional Convention
The meeting of state delegates in Philadelphia in 1787 that resulted in the writing of the Constitution.
37
New Jersey Plan
a plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a single legislative house with equal representation for each state.
38
Virginia Plan
a plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a legislature of two houses with proportional representation in each house and executive and judicial branches to be chosen by the legislature.
39
Federalist
A person who favored the plan of government created by the Constitution.
40
Separation of power
an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.
41
Checks and balances
counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.
42
Veto
The right to dismiss or reject a proposal made by a lawmaker.
43
Bill of rights
Formal declaration of civil rights
44
Amendment
Changes or additions made to a legal document
45
Dew process
the regular administration of the law, according to which no citizen may be denied his or her legal rights and all laws must conform to fundamental, accepted legal principles, as the right of the accused to confront his or her accusers.
46
Cabinet
Heads of the executive branch of government
47
Anti Fedralist
A person who opposed ratification of the Constitution.
48
Frontier Line
The land between civilization and wilderness.
49
Northwest Territory
The land north of the Ohio River & was created into 5 states.
50
Surveyed
To measure land to determine the exact boundaries of a given area. Used for townships
51
Northwest Ordinance
The 1787 law that set forth a plan of government for the townships 36 sq miles at one dollar an acre in the Northwest Territory. Created by Thomas Jefferson. The law banned slavery, gave freedom of religion and trial by jury. 60,000 citizens in territory to apply for statehood.
52
Republicanism
For the country to thrive its citizens need certain virtues. These include a sense of equality, simplicity, and to sacrifice for the public good.
53
Louisiana Purchase
The United States’ purchase from France (Napoleon) in 1803 of land west of the Mississippi. Jefferson purchased all 800,000 square miles for $15 million.
54
Lewis and Clark expeditions
The expeditions from 1804-1806 that explored the Louisiana Territory.
55
Pioneer
They lived in permanent homes on farms and brought civilization to the frontier. Last to enter frontier region.
56
Rendezvous
A meeting or get together agreed on in advance with mountain men in the early 1800’s to support the fur trade.
57
Assimilate
To adopt the dominate culture.
58
South Pass
A low lying area through the Rocky Mountains in that is now Wyoming. Many trails west used this pass to get through the Rocky Mtns. (i.e. Mormon and Oregon Trail)
59
Oregon Trail
The most famous route to the Pacific Northwest from Independence, Missouri to the Columbia River.
60
Oregon Country
The vast region of the Northwest surrounding the Columbia, Snake, and Fraser Rivers claimed by the British.
61
Emigrant
A person who leaves one place for another.
62
Mormonism
A religion founded by Joseph Smith in 1820. After Smith’s death, followers followed Brigham Young to the Rocky Mountains as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS). The term Mormon comes from the Book of Mormon.
63
Adams-Onis Treaty
Signed in 1819, Spain sold Florida to the United States for $5 million.
64
Missouri River
To start the expedition it was the river which Lewis and Clark and other men traveled up in flat bottomed river boats called pirogues.
65
Tributary
A river that flows into a larger river
66
Santafe trail
Trade route mexico america, william becknell
67
Mormon Trail
A wagon train led by Brigham Young in 1847 to present day Utah to avoid religious persecution. Known as the “Great Migration”
68
The Battle of Goliad
More than 300 of Fannin’s men were gunned down after the Alamo by Santa Anna.
69
Tejano
A Mexican living in Texas in the 1800‘s.
70
Battle of the Alamo
1836 an attack with a mission (a church) in San Antonio by Mexican forces during the Texas revolution. Started over a cannon.
71
Battle of San Jacinto-
1836 battle in which Texan force under Santa Anna were defeated by, Sam Houston and lost independence to Texas.
72
Annex
Add to existing country or area.
73
Oregon Treaty
Polk used the slogan “Fifty-four Forty or Fight” to seal this agreement making the 49th parallel dividing British North America and the United States in 1846.
74
James K. Polk
Our 11th president. He told Congress,” Mexico has invaded our territory and shed American blood upon American soil.”
75
Mexican Cession
The land that Mexico Ceded to the US in 1848 under the terms of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
76
Gadsen Purchase
The deal from Mexico that got New Mexico and Arizona for $10 million.
77
Cede
To give up
78
Mexican War
The 1846- 1848 war. Known as Polk’s War. It completed Manifest Destiny.
79
California gold rush
a mass migration to California following the discovery of gold in 1849
80
Forty niner
a person who took part in the California gold rush
81
boomtown
a town that grows rapidly in population as a result of sudden prosperity - i.e. San Fransisco
82
Economy
Careful management of resources.
83
Middle Passage
The journey of slave ships across the Alantic
84
Slave Codes
The laws controlling the treatment of slaves
85
Apperentice
A person learning a skill from a master
86
Triangular Trade
A trade route connecting three different places. The English colonies, Africa, and England
87
Navigation Acts
Laws, beginning in 1651 by England to regulate trade, and taxes in the colonies.
88
Smuggling
The act of transporting goods illegally in or out of the country.
89
Salem witch trials
Trials, in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1692 that led to the death of twenty people after young girls charged people with practicing the act of witchcraft on people.
90
Great Awakening
The religious movement in the colonies around 1740 that emphasized personal religious belief.
91
Conestoga wagon
A horse pulled wagon with wide wheels, a curved bed, and an arched canvas top.
92
Mill
A machine that processes grain and other materials.
93
BOOMTOWN
a town that grows rapidly in population as a result of sudden prosperity - i.e. San Fransisco
94
Abolitionist
A person who worked in the movement to do away with slavery. Feelings started in the First Great Awakening in the north.
95
Salem Witch Trials
Trials in 1692 in the COLONY of Salem, Massachusetts that led to 20 peoples’ death after young girls charged people with practicing witchcraft.
96
First Great Awakening
Religious movement in the 13 colonies around 1740. Described the agonies of Hell & urged people to go to church and repent their sins. Start of anti-slavery in the north.
87)Conestoga Wagon- A horse pulled covered wagon with wide wheels, curved wagon bed, and an arched canvas top.
97
Cotton Gin
A machine designed to separate seeds from cotton fiber created by Eli Whitney. The machine increased the demand for slaves in the south.
98
Soil Exhaustion
The overuse of fertile soil. Plantations went west as cotton used up the nutrients of the soil.
99
Sectionalism
Loyalty to local interests. One of the issues that divided people was the issue of slavery.
100
Missouri Compromise/Compromise of 1820
Act in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and forbidding slavery north of the 36 30’ line.
93)Popular Sovereignty- The pre civil war policy of allowing the voters in a territory to decide whether or not to allow slavery
101
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The 1854 law creating the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowing settlers there to decide whether to permit slavery. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY. Both pro and anti slavery forces used violence to control people’s votes.
102
Three – Fifths Compromise-
Created with the Constitution in 1778 to count FIVE slaves as THREE people for the census in the House of Reps. (CONGRESS) = House of Reps and Senate to create laws in the U.S.
103
Economy
The way people use resources to make a living.
104
Middle Passage
The journey lasting 3 months of slave ships crossing the Atlantic from Africa
105
Front
The area where two opposing armies meet on a battle field.
106
Triangular Trade
A trade route connecting three different places, such as, English Colonies, England, and Africa. Critical for the slave trade. Many trading companies in the north made large amounts of money selling slaves to the south after the Treaty of Paris.
107
Underground Railroad
Escape routes and hiding places that moved escaped slaves north. Harriet Tubman famous for running safe houses.
108
Dred Scott Case
The 1857 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that slaves were not citizens and that congress couldn’t forbid slavery in the territories. Slavery legal everywhere, no more “Free & Slave” states Slavery was guaranteed by Constitution in the US
109
Richmond, Virginia
Capital of the Confederate States of America. The capital was moved to Montgomery, Alabama during the last year of the war
110
Platform
A statement of goals, and principles of a group, especially a political party. (i.e. Abraham Lincoln wants to contain slavery where it exists)
111
Border State
Around the Civil war, a state between the North and the South (i.e. Missouri, Kentucky)
112
Confederate States of America
A nation formed by eleven southern states in 1861. South Carolina was the first to leave Union. This was to be the name of the new country. A new county based on slavery
113
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate States of America.
114
Slave Codes
The laws controlling the treatment of slaves
115
Antiseptic
A germ killing drug. Germs first discovered during the war.
116
Anesthetic
A pain killer.
117
First battle bull run
The first major battle of the civil war, won by the confederates in 1862.
118
Battle of shiloh
The fierce civil war battle at Pittsburg landing on the Tennessee River, won by the union forces in 1862. A major victory for General Ulysses Grant of the Union Army.
