MS Flashcards by Mildred ANCHETA

Placement and Color of V4?

5th intercostal
space at
midclavicular
line / Brown

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Placement and Color of V3?

Directly
between the
leads V2 and V4 / Green

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Placement and Color of V2?

4th intercostal
space to the left
of the sternum / Yellow

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Rapid and chaotic tiring of atrial impulses, no identifiable P wave, Normal QRS (400-650 bpm)

Atrial Fibrillation

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Chemical pumps re-establish an internal
negative charge as the cells return to their
resting state.

Repolarization

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Types of ETTs

○ PORTEX Tube
○ RUBBER
○ REINFORCED
○ SPECIAL

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it occurs when blood stops flowing to a part of the
brain

Stroke

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The electrical charge of a cell is altered by a
shift of electrolytes on either side of the cell
membrane. This change stimulates muscle fiber
to contract

Depolarization

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Compression to ventilation ratio in adult?

30:2 (1 or 2 rescuer)

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SIGNS OF CARDIAC ARREST

● No response
● No breathing
● No circulations

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Indications of chocking?

– difficulty breathing
– inability to cough forcefully
– skin, lips, nails turning blue or dusky
– loss of consciousness

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Rapid rhythm, No P-wave visible, wide and irregular QRS complex, chaotic

Ventricular Fibrillation

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used to assist or replace spontaneous breathing.

mechanical ventilations

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located behind nose & extends to level of soft palate

Nasopharynx

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Purpose of mechanical ventilations

To maintain gas exchange in case of acute and chronic
respiratory failure.
To maintain ventilator support after CPR
To excrete increased CO2 production
To give general anesthesia with muscle relaxants.

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Fast, normal rhythm, >100 bpm

Sinus tachycardia

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Placement and color of V5?

Level with V4 at
left anterior
axillary line / Black

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first aid procedure used to treat upper airway obstructions by foreign objects

Abdominal thrust / heimlich maneuver

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Position in breathing (CPR)?

Head tilt chin lift

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COMPLICATIONS (PAVVDDOA)

– pneumothorax
– airway injury
– ventilator- associated pneumonia
– ventilator associated tracheobronchitis
– diaphragm atrophy
– decreased cardiac output
– oxygen toxicity
– acute lung injury (ALI)/ acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS)

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an imaginary formation of
three limb leads in a triangle used in
electrocardiography, formed by the two shoulders and
the pubis.

EINTHOVEN’S TRIANGLE

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Compression depth of an infant?

atleast 1/4 AP diameter about 1 1/2 inches (4 cm)

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Compression depth?

2 inchest

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Handheld tool that is used to deliver positive
pressure ventilation to any subject with
insufficient or ineffective breaths.

AMBU BAG (Bag Valve Mask)

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Common condition that leads to cardiac arrest?

Heart attack and Stroke

Systematic approach of Basic Life Support 2010-2015?

C- circulation A- airway B- breathing D- defibrillate

Warning Sign of Heart Attack? PUPN SSNF

● Severe sweating ● Chest discomfort ● Nausea ● Feeling of indigestion ● Shortness of breath ● Pain, Numbness or tingling in the arm ● Pain in the upper back between the shoulder blades.

What are ventilator alarms?

High pressure and Low pressure

Complication of CPR?

1. Fractured ribs 2. Lacerated liver 3. Punctured lungs 4. Gastric distention

How many chest compression?

100 chest compression

Placement and Color of V1?

4th intercostal space to the right of the sternum / red

Risk factors of Heart Attack? DOSE DASH HEG

Heredity ● Gender ● Age ● Smoking ● High BP ● Diet ● Exercise ● Obesity ● DM ● Stress ● Elevated cholesterol

A machine that helps a patient breathe (ventilate) when they are having a surgery or cannot breathe on their own due to a critical illness.

mechanical ventilations

death of or damage to part of the heart muscle because the supply of blood to the heart muscle is severely reduced or stopped.

heart attack

Generally refers to the type of care that first-responders, healthcare providers and public safety professionals provide to anyone who is experiencing cardiac arrest, respiratory distress or an obstructed airway.

Basic Life Support

Warning Signs of Stroke?

— Numbness or weakness of face, arm, or leg especially on one side of the body. — Trouble seeing in one eye or both eyes. — Confusion / trouble speaking or understanding — Trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination — Severe headache with no known cause.

Pressure of Portable Unit?

10-15 mmHg

Ectopic atrial beats, saw tooth p-waves, normal QRS, 200-400 bpm

Atrial flutter

A surgical procedure which consists of making an incision on the anterior aspect of the neck and opening a direct airway through an incision in the trachea

TRACHEOSTOMY CARE

Compression depth of an children?

atleast 1/4 AP diameter about 2 inches (5cm)

Complication of ventilation?

● Aspiration ● Hypoventilation ● Hyperventilation

How many hours/ minutes to switch in CPR?

2 minutes

Compression to ventilation ratio in children/infants?

30:2 single rescuer and 15:2 second rescuer

What is the position of the patient in breathing if he/she has problem in neck?

Jaw Thrust Maneuver

a graphical recording of the electrical activity of the heart

Electrocardiogram

heart's electrical activity by recording information through 12 different perspectives.

12-lead ECG

Avoid excessive ventilations. True or False?

True

it’s intended to revive a heart and lung arrest within 3-4 minutes from time the heartbeat and breathing stops to prevent death or irreversible brain damage.

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

generated on the outside of the chest and transmitted to the interior to expand the lungs and allow air to flow in

Negative pressure Mechanical Ventilation

use face or nasal mask for appropriately selected conscious patients.

Non-invasive mechanical ventilation

series of waves and deflections recording the heart’s electrical activity from a certain “view”

Electrocardiogram

Ventilator forces air into the central airways and the resulting pressure gradient causes airflow into the small airways and alveoli.

Positive pressure mechanical ventilations

This can happen if there is bleeding in the brain or if a blood vessel in the brain is blocked and very sudden

Stroke

extends behind mouth from the soft palate above the level of the hyoid bone & contains the tonsils

oropharynx

Normal Pressure of Wall unit?

100-120 mmHg

only in the absence of cervical spine injury

Sniffing position

Indications of mechanical ventilations (give 5 indications)

– acute lung injury, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and trauma – Apnea with respiratory arrest, including cases from intoxication. – Acute severe asthma requiring intubation – Acute or chronic respiratory acidosis, most commonly with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – Acute respiratory acidosis (tachypnea, retractions respiratory distress) – Hypoxemia –Hypotension including sepsis, shock, congestive heart failure. – Neurological diseases such as muscular dystrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Example of Low pressure?

● Disconnected (check all connections) ● Loss of Power ● Low gas pressure ● Leak in tube cuff ● Apnea

Types of choking?

Partial and complete obstruction

Normal rhythm, complete PQRST, 60-100 bpm

Normal rhythm

Placement and color of V6?

Level with V5 at midaxillary line (directly under the midpoint of the armpit) / violet

Slow, normal rhythm, <60

Sinus bradycardia

Irregular or regular rhythm, P-wave, No P-R interval, wide QRS complex, 100-250 bpm

Ventricular tachycardia

Example of High Pressure?

Secretions ● Patient Biting ETT ● Patient coughing ● Water in the tubings: - Intv: Dump the water out of the tube, suction patient ● Kinked Tubings ● Increased airway resistance (should be <35) ● Patient fighting on the ventilator: Intv: Sedate the patient or insert tongue guard. ● Bronchospasm ● Tension Pneumothorax ● Malpositioned ET