MS-bloch Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is MS?
an immune-mediated disease of the CNS
Immune cells are made throughout the body except in the (blank and blank)
brain and spinal cord
In MS you have imbalance between what 2 things?
proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines
What is this:
an immune mediated disease of the CNS, it is a disease of myelin and axons
multiple sclerosis
MS is a disease of axons and (blank)
myelin
It has been shown that active inflammation results in both (blank) and (blank)
demyelination and axonal transection
Who typically gets MS?
Women (3:1 men) typically in their 20-50s, typically caucasians (rare among asians)
common in temperate areas of the owrld
Where do you have the least amount of MS?
What are some variables that might be related to MS?
on the equator, the further north or south of this the more likely you will have MS
-environmental factors, genetic factors, lower vit D exposure, combo
(blank) percent of people with MS have a blood relative with MS which means that it is a (blank and blank) disease
20%
genetic and environmental
T or F
The risk of MS is higher in any family in which there are several family members with the disease (multiplex families)
T
The risk of getting MS is:
for the gen pop?
first degree relative?
identical twin?
0.1%
3%
25%
MS is a (blank) diagnosis
clinical (signs and symptoms and medical history)
What tests are helpful in diagnosing MS and what is the diagnostic criteria?
Paraclinical tests provide support -Magnetic resonance imaging -Spinal fluid -Evoked potentials Diagnostic criteria: -Dissemination in time and space: evidence that damage has occurred in at least two separate areas of the CNS at different points in time -There must be no other explanation
What are potential symptoms of MS?
Numbness Diplopia Visual Loss Bladder Dysfunction Gait Impairment Fatigue Vertigo Bowel Dysfunction Cognitive Dysfunction Pain Depression Sexual Dysfunction Paresis
What factors should increase your suspicion for MS?
- female
- age 25-40
- clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)
i. e optic neuritis, transverse myelitis
What is the MS work-up?
1) MRI with gadolinium
2) Potential MS mimetics ruled out (blood testing, etc)
3) Lumbar Puncture (OBs and/or elevated IgG index or synthesis)
4) Evoked Potentials
(blank) is the first neurologic event suggestive of demyelination. Individuals with (blank) are at high risk for developing clinically definitie MS if the neurologic event is accompanied by multiple, clinically silent (asymptomatic) lesions on MRI typical of MS.
Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)
CIS
What are the 2 common clinically isolated syndromes (CIS)?
optic neuritis
transverse myelitis
What is this:
Sudden, but transient loss of visual acuity
Unilateral or bilateral
Retro-orbital pain exacerbated by eye movement
Normal optic disc
Reduced color perception
Decreased vision following activities that elevate body temperature
optic neuritis
What is this: Ascending numbness from the feet, up the torso, potentially from hands to arms Ataxia, balance problems Electric shock sensations while flexing neck Partial or complete paralysis Bladder dysfunction Bowel dysfunction Sexual dysfunction
transverse myelitis
What is the most common type of MS?
Relapsing-remitting (RR) MS
(blanK) begins as RR disease. The vast majority of people with RR disease eventually develop SP MS, in which the disease becomes more steadily progressive, with or without relapses. At any given time about 30% of the general MS population is SP.
Secondary-progressive (SP) MS
(blank) MS affects about 10% of patients. In PPMS, the disease is progressive from onset, without any relapses or remissions.
Primary-progressive (PP)
(blank) MS is the least common form, affecting about 5% of patients. In PRMS, the disease is progressive from onset, with occasional relapses along the way.
Progressive-relapsing (PR)
