MS Patho Flashcards
What is MS
progressive inflam disease, damage of myelin in CNS
What age group and range is MS most common
young adults (70%), onset 20-40 yo
What is another age group that MS is common
between or after 60 yo, 10-20%
What are 4 triggers of MS
-sun
-vit D
-smoking
-epstein-barr virus (herpes)
What nerve cell is the most abnormal
oligodendrocytes
What cell causes inflammation? what are two other functions?
microglial cell
clear cellular debris and repair tissue
what is an astrocyte
supports CNS; provide synaptic support, neuronal guidance, and maintain blood brain barrier
What happens to astrocytes with MS
decreased BBS
What are T cells? what happens to them in MS
WBC that destroys pathogens
autoreactive in periphery (autoimmune mediated)
Describe the 6 steps of T cell autoimmune disease
- T and B cells cross weakened BBB
- T cells interact with B cells and microglia
- Antibody and cytokine release INFLAMMATION
- demyelination
- remyelination capacity exhausted
- neurodegeneration
What does repeated inflammation lead to
decreased repair –> axonal damage (irreversible disability)
What is a hallmark of MS
plaques: loss of myelin, fibrous astrocytes and undergoes gliosis
Which three structures are affected d/t axonal loss
SC (50%)
Optic nerve (25%)
brainstem cerebellum (25%)
which matter experiences a dysfxn
gray
what are 3 main environmental/geographical triggers
-decreased sun
-vit D lvls
-more common above 45 latitude
What are the 5 classifications of MS
-relapse remitting MS (RRMS)
-secondary progressive MS (SPMS)
-primary progressive
-benign MS
-progressive relapsing MS
What is relapse-remitting MS
85% of cases
-unpredictable attacks
-may/may not leave permanent deficits
What is secondary progressive MS
Initial RRMS that has sudden decline w/o periods of remission
What is primary progressive MS
15%
-gradual worsening symps
-don’t respond to med standard rx
-PROGRESSIVE MYELOPATHY
What is benign MS
One time then no reoccurrence
What is progressive relapsing MS
5%
-progressive course w/ clear relapses
-steady decline since onset w/ super imposed attacks
How to dx MS
-collection of tests
-confirm 2 lesions in at least 2 separate areas of brain, SC, or optic n
AND
-damage in 2 different points in time
AND
-rule out other diseases
Dx tools for MS
-MRI
-lumbar puncture
-visual evoked potential (VEP)
What is visual evoked potential (VEP)
-dx tool
-tests electrical activity of brain (optic n) in response to stimuli of visual n pathway
