MS Quiz 1: Chapter 5, 37, & 45 Flashcards
During the inflammatory process, the body initially responds to the injury and infection by dilating the capillary bed. This response is responsible for which inflammatory characteristics?
Redness and warmth;
Dilation of the capillary bed increases blood flow to the injured or infected area. The increased blood flow is responsible for the warmth and redness. The remaining options result from cellular changes that occur when histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes are released into the bloodstream.
pg. 59
A patient has been admitted to a long-term care center because of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The nurse is explaining the disease process to a group of nursing assistants. The nurse determines that the nursing assistants understand the discussion if they identify that this disease is caused by which infectious agent?
Prion
A prion is an abnormal particle that has no nucleus. An example of a prion infection is “mad cow disease.” Bacteria, protozoa, and helminths are not the causative factor of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
pg. 63
A mother calls the clinic to inquire whether her child can get chickenpox more than once. The nurse bases the response upon the different types of immunities with the mother. What type of immunity would it be?
Active acquired immunity
Active acquired immunity occurs after birth and results after direct contact with an antigen through illness or vaccination. Innate (natural) immunity is present at birth and is not related to previous contact with an antigen. Acquired immunity is the result of the body’s natural immune response to an antigen. Passive acquired immunity occurs when a person receive antibodies produced by another individual or antiserum.
pg. 57
The nurse questions a patient regarding allergies to medications and food. The patient states that shrimp make him swell all over. Which preparation should the nurse avoid?
Iodine
If a patient is allergic to shellfish, iodine must also be avoided because of the increased risk for anaphylaxis. The other options are safe to use for a patient with an allergy to shellfish.
pg. 78
A patient comes to the after-hours clinic with a severe sore throat. A diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis is made. Which precautions should the nurse take with this disease process?
Ensure that the patient wears a surgical mask when leaving the room.
A patient with strep throat is considered contagious and should be placed under droplet precautions. Medical personnel should wear a mask when working within 3 feet of the patient, and the patient should wear a surgical mask when leaving the room. When providing care to this patient, the nurse should wear an N95 mask, which filters inspired air. A special ventilated room is not necessary for this disease, and the patient’s door can remain open without risk for infecting others.
pg. 66
A student nurse understands that an older adult’s ability to heal may be delayed because of which physiologic changes?
Decreased tissue elasticity, deficiency in Vitamin C, deficiency in zinc, decreased blood supply
As we age, our ability to regenerate and heal are affected. The healing process can be delayed due to decreased tissue elasticity; decreased blood supply; and deficiencies in vitamin C, zinc, and other vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin D. The dermis does not thicken as we age.
pg. 60
A patient was treated in the emergency department for a 3-inch laceration to the hand. The nurse is teaching the patient about the effects on healing times. Which factors should the nurse include in the teaching of this patient?
Severity of the wound, age of the patient, type of tissue injured, and whether or not infection is present
The speed at which healing takes place is dependent on the type of tissue injured, the severity of the wound, and the presence of infection. The age and general health of the patient will also affect the healing time of a wound. The gender and race of the patient are not factors.
pg. 75
A patient will be receiving hyperbaric oxygen treatment at home after discharge from the hospital. The nurse would teach the patient to monitor for which complications of this type of treatment?
Brady cardia, ear aches, sinus pain, and seizures
During hyperbaric therapy, the patient must be monitored for complications, which include bradycardia, ear and sinus pain, and seizures.
pg. 75
A patient presents to the emergency department with an edematous left foot after reportedly twisting the ankle. The nurse understands that the swelling is caused by what inflammatory process?
Blood is pooling away from the injury.
The permeability of capillary walls allows protein-rich fluid to flow through the vessel and into the interstitial space. This collection of fluid is responsible for swelling at the site. Blood that is rich in leukocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes is drawn to the site. The vessels are not constricting; they are dilating to allow blood to flow to the injured area.
pg. 59
A physician has just told a patient that he has an autoimmune condition. What is the correct term for this type of condition?
The patient’s immune system is attacking his own tissues
Nurse inspects for inflammation at an intravenous infusion site. What are classic signs of a local inflammation?
Heat, redness, and swelling
In the first phase of the inflammatory process, capillary permeability increases. What purpose does this increase serve?
Allows monocytes and neutrophils to pass into the inflamed tissue
Why have numerous antibacterial drugs but relatively few antiviral drugs been developed?
The virus lives inside the host cell and drugs that harm viruses often harm host cells as well
The primary mode of transmission of health care associated infections is:
Soiled caregiver hands
What is the advantage of using HEPA filter respirators?
HEPA filter respirators protect the caregiver by filtering inspired air
