MSA, MOAs, Visual and circling Flashcards
(26 cards)
MOA
For night or IMC:
Relevant MSA/SSA or Radar cleared altitude
The Radar cleared altitude is XXXX ft clearance within ±YY nm.
1000 ft within 5nm
This may conflict with charts. This is acceptable
MOA
For Day VMC:
500 ft above all obstacles
3 possible justifications to continue below MSA:
radar clearance
procedural descent
visual flight
When cleared below/above MSA:
PF will call ….
PM will respond …
PF will call “Cleared above/below MSA”
PM will respond with the MSA figure and a justification to continue below MSA is required
Concerning the MSA, and the approach brief - the following needs to be mentioned:
The dominant MSA figure
Variations in MSA - different quadrants, reroutes etc
The expected point of the “Radio Altimeter Call”
Point at which the MSA is expected to be crossed
IMC Flight Below MSA:
Golden rule regarding descent below MSA and approach aids:
If practicable, flight below MSA using only one Navigation Aid or system should be avoided.
The aircraft is effectively using one Navigation aid when:
FMS is updating from a single VOR/DME
The same VOR is being used for the approach
No radar is available
IMC Flight Below MSA
If unable to avoid the use of a single nav aid or system below MSA, use XXX as a cross check
Expected track, heading and Rad Alt information as a cross check.
IMC Flight Below MSA
Descent to the relevant SSA (or 25nm MSA) is permitted when …
Also, descent to a radar cleared altitude is permitted when…
Further descent below SSA is then permitted….
IMC Flight Below MSA
Descent to the relevant SSA (or 25nm MSA) is permitted when …. the aircraft is in the appropriate quadrant. (Give consideration to the adjoining quadrants).
Also, descent to a radar cleared altitude is permitted…. when under positive radar control.
Further descent below SSA is then permitted:
Using a published Instrument Approach
Visually in accordance with OM A 8.13.3.c
Visual Flight Below MSA
Visual descent below MSA to the relevant SSA is permitted when:
BY DAY…
BY NIGHT… (3 points)
Visual Flight Below MSA
Visual descent below MSA to the relevant SSA is permitted when:
VMC BY DAY:
o The flight will remain clear of all obstacles on track (They can be obscured, must see the flight path)
VMC BY NIGHT:
o The flight will remain clear of all obstacles
o The line of flight is also the line of sight, i.e. the aircraft is heading towards an identifiable lit area, in general the runway itself.
o Distance is checked against altitude by means of radio or radar aids.
(If not, maintain MSA/SSA until over aerodrome)
Minimum allowable Altitude in the MCP:
Unless allowable under an FCOM approved procedure (i.e. RNAV approach) the minimum altitude allowed in the MCP window is 1,000’ aae
Maximum rate of descent wrt MSA
Do not exceed 3000 fpm within 3,000’ of the relevant MSA
Corrections to MOA:
Cold temp error: add XX % per YY degrees below ISA
Add XXXX ft if YY kts windspeed at MSA/SSA.
Vertical clearance of a ridge above terrain: Add …
MOA corrections:
add 4% per 10 degrees below ISA for layer beneath.
Add 2000’ if 50kts wind at MSA/SSA.
Add: the vertical clearance of the ridge of its height above the surrounding terrain
At circling altitude, sufficient visual reference must be maintained else…
climb to MSA/SSA.
Visual approach visibility requirements:
Non USA:
Non USA (established on the CL and visual with the rwy)
USA:
Visual approach visibility requirements
Non USA: 5 km
Non USA (established on the CL): 800 m
USA: 3 sm
Circling minima should be the higher of …..
Circling minima should be the higher of the circling minima published for the initial instrument approach flown or 1000’ AAL.
NB: The Approach Ban concept ( OM A 8.22.6.a Commencement and Continuation of Approach) applies to Circling Approaches
In the USA, circling approaches are…
not permitted
If circling minima allows (and crews expect to achieve sufficient visual reference) consideration should be given to flying a XXXX ft AAL circuit.
In this scenario either the circling procedure or a standard visual traffic pattern may be flown.
…. consideration should be given to flying a 1500’ AAL circuit.
In this scenario either the circling procedure or a standard visual traffic pattern may be flown
At or below the relevant circling minima an approach shall be discontinued by an immediate go-around unless ….
…. sufficient visual reference of the terrain, AND either the approach lights OR the runway itself, are continuously in view to ensure clearance from the terrain
If sufficient visual reference cannot be satisfied for circling, descent from Circling Minimum to the start of a Visual Final may be made with the help of a XXX, provided that there is sufficient visual reference to allow navigation along the tracks specified on that chart, and that all altitude/height restrictions on it are observed.
Visual Approach Chart
The bandwith used for calculating MSAs on Cirrus is
20 nm on either side of track
The MSAs on cirrus plan are subject to a minimum value of:
2000 ft
SSAs provide a XXXX ft obstaccle clearance down to the intermediate approach segment
1000 ft
MSA critical points - bandwidth and vertical clearance
10 nm either side of track and 2000 ft
NB 1: should a turn be required that exceeds 10nm, the greater distance shall be assumed
NB 2: RNP 5 aircraft are required to clear terrain by 5nm either side of track and 2000 ft. Turn restriction radii apply
