MSAK lec - midterm 4 Flashcards
Skull & face bones, muscles
1
Q
name the 8 cranium bones
A
parietal x2, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal x2, occipital, frontal
2
Q
what is the roof of the cranium
A
calvarium
3
Q
what is the floor of the cranium
A
base
4
Q
neurocranium
A
roof and sides of the skull
5
Q
basicranium
A
skull base
6
Q
name the sutures of the calvarium
A
coronal, sagittal, lambdoid
7
Q
by what age do the calvarium sutures normally close
A
30-40
8
Q
when does the metopic suture fuse/become obliterated
A
fuses by 9 months, obliterated by age 7
9
Q
what are fontanelles
A
membranous areas that have not yet ossified (found at birth)
10
Q
by what ages do the anterior and posterior fontanelles close
A
2 yrs and 6 mo respectively
11
Q
name the landmarks where the anterior and posterior fontanelles closed
A
bregma and lambda respectively
12
Q
what fontanelles are babies born with
A
anterior, posterior, sphenoidal, mastoid
13
Q
where is the squamous suture found
A
between the parietal bone and the squamous portion of the temporal bone
14
Q
name the synchondroses of the skull
A
spheno-ethmoidal, inter-sphenoidal, spheno-occipital, exo-basi-occipital, inter-occipital
15
Q
which bones make up the cranial base
A
all cranial bones
16
Q
name the 3 fossa on the cranial base
A
anterior (most shallow), middle, posterior (largest, deepest) cranial fossa
17
Q
what is found in the anterior cranial fossa
A
frontal lobes
18
Q
what is found in the middle cranial fossa
A
temporal lobes hypothalamus
19
Q
what is found in the posterior cranial fossa
A
cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata
20
Q
the pterion is a joint between which bones, and where on the skull is it found
A
frontal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal. lateral aspect
21
Q
what is the thinnest part of the skull
A
pterion
22
Q
what can a pterion fracture cause
A
laceration of the medial meningeal artery, leading to epidural hematoma
23
Q
where do the parietomastoid and the lambdoid sutures meet
A
asterion
24
Q
describe the location of the superior and inferior temporal lines
A
on the walls of the cranium from anterior frontal bone to posterior parietal bone (only seen in lateral view)
25
which processes form the zygomatic arch
zygomatic process of temporal bone, temporal process of zygomatic bone
26
on which bone do we find the mastoid process, styloid process, and external auditory meatus
temporal
27
what are the 3 regions of the frontal bone
squamous (forehead), orbital surface (roof of orbit), nasal portion (superior to nasal bone)
28
where are the frontal sinuses located
between the supraorbital ridges and deep to the frontal eminence
29
what goes through the supraorbital/supracilliary notches
supraorbital nerve + vessels
30
name the bony landmark found between the arches of the supraorbital ridges
glabella
31
what do we see on the internal aspect of the frontal bone that cannot be seen externally
frontal crest, notch for ethmoid
32
where would you find the occipital crest
inferior to the EOP and perpendicular to the superior and inferior nuchal lines
33
what are wormian bones and on which bone are they found
intrasutural bone islands (vary person to person) and found on occipital bone
34
where is the jugular foramen found and what does it house
between occipital and temporal bones. L and R. cranial nn IX, X, XI and internal jugular vein go through
35
what goes through the foramen magnum
brain stem (spinal cord)
36
which cranial bone has grooves for venous sinuses
occiput (internal)
37
which feature of the occipital bone connects the foramen magnum with sella tursica
clivus
38
which portion of the occipital bone extends forward and upward from foramen magnum
basilar part
39
what connects the occipital, superior sagittal, and straight sinuses
confluence of venous sinuses
40
which bone joins with the frontal bone via the coronal suture
parietal
41
which bone has superior and inferior temporal lines
parietal bones
42
does the frontal bone have a sinus
yes
43
what are the 5 parts of the temporal bone
squamous, petramastoid, tympanic (external auditory miatus), zygomatic process, styloid process
44
which process of the temporal bone has sinuses
mastoid
45
which fossa do the temporal, frontal, parietal, zygomatic, and sphenoid bones form
temporal
46
which part of the temporal bone contains the organs of hearing and the 3 auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
petrous part
47
which membrane separates the internal and external auditory meatuses
tympanic membrane
48
which foramen is formed between the petrous part of the temporal bone and the occipital bone
jugular foramen
49
what are the holes in the cribiform plate of ethmoid bone called
olfactory foramina (olfactory nn/CN 1 function)
50
which part of the ethmoid bone forms part of the nasal septum
perpendicular plate
51
which part of the ethmoid bone helps increase surface area in the nasal passage and warms/moistens air
superior and middle nasal conchae (inferior nasal conchae is its own bone)
52
which bone is sella turcica part of and what does it house
sphenoid, pituitary gland
53
which bony landmark on the sphenoid bone unites the lesser wings at the midline
jugum
54
which bony landmark on the sphenoid bone is surrounded by anterior and posterior clinoid processes
sella turcica
55
besides the sphenoid, which other bone forms the sella turcica
occipital
56
name the bony landmark of the occipital bone that forms part of sella turcica
clivus
57
which foramen between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone do CN III, IV, V1, VI pass through
superior orbital fissure
58
which foramen is between sphenoid and maxilla in the orbit, that CN V2 passes through
inferior orbital fissure
59
which foramen/canal is in the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
optic foramen/canal
60
which nerve goes through the optic canal along with the opthalmic artery
optic nerve (CN II)
61
which foramen is between the superior orbital fissure and foramen ovale, that CN V2 goes through
foramen rotundum
62
which foramen is in the greater wing of sphenoid between foramen rotundum and foramen spinosum that CN V3 goes through
forament ovale
63
which foramen is in the greater wing of sphenoid, that CN V3 AND the middle meningeal artery go through
foramen spinosum
64
which foramen does the carotid artery pass over the surface of
foramen lacerum
65
which bone is the carotid canal (which houses the internal carotid artery) found on
temporal
66
neurocranium refers to the bones of the skull. how do we refer to the bones in the face?
viscerocranium
67
which are the 2 unpaired bones of the face
vomer, mandible
68
name the suture that unites the upper jawbones (maxilla) at the midline
intermaxillary suture
69
which facial bone does maxilla NOT articulate with
mandible
70
which bone contributes to the floor of the orbit, lateral wall and floor of the nasal cavity, and hard palate of mouth?
maxilla
71
which process of the maxilla contains the dental alveoli for the upper teeth
alveolar process
72
which part of the maxilla articulates with the zygomatic bone
zygomatic process
73
which process of the maxilla fits into the nasal notch of frontal bone and forms part of the lateral boundary of the nose
frontal process
74
which foramen on the maxilla houses blood vessels and CN V2
infraorbital foramen
75
which part of the hard palate does the maxilla contribute to
anterior part
76
what does the maxillary sinus empty into
nasal cavity
77
which bone is the anterior nasal spine on
maxilla
78
which bone is the inferior orbital foramen on
maxilla
79
which L-shaped bone forms the posterior hard palate, the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small part of the floor of the orbit
palatine
80
which bone separates oral and nasal cavities
palatine
81
what condition results when the palatine processes of maxilla bones fail to unite around 10-12 weeks embryonic
cleft palate
82
which bone forms the inferior portion of nasal septum along with the perpendicular plate of ethmoid
vomer
83
which bone articulates superiorly with the perpendicular plate of ethmoid, and sphenoid
vomer
84
which bone articulates inferiorly with the midline of maxilla and palatine bones
vomer
85
is the nasal bone part of the orbit?
no
86
which are the smallest bones of the face
lacrimal bones
87
which 2 bones form the nasolacrimal canal, which houses lacrimal sacs for tears to drain into nasal cavity
lacrimal and maxilla bones
88
which bone forms the inferior lateral wall of nasal cavity
inferior nasal conchae (ethmoid bone has the superior and middle nasal conchae)
89
which bones form the lateral wall and floor of the orbit
zygomatic bones
90
which bone has processes that articulate with frontal, maxilla, and temporal bones
zygomatic
91
what makes up the zygomatic arch
temporal process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone
92
93
which bones make up the bony orbit? (PLES Feed My Zebra)
palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, maxilla, zygomatic
94
the cavities found within frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxilla bones are called...
paranasal sinuses
95
what are the paranasal sinuses adjacent to
nasal cavity
96
what is the condition when the mucus membranes of the nasal cavity are inflamed
sinusitis
97
which sinuses have an affect on voice/speech, and increase in size when teeth erupt and in puberty
paranasal sinuses
98
condylar, coronoid, and alveolar processes belong to which facial bone
mandible
99
what does the mental foramen of the mandible house
blood vessels and nerves to teeth
100
which foramen is found on the medial side of each ramus (mandible) and houses the inferior alveolar nerves
mandibular foramen/canal
101
which fibrocartilaginous joint unites the 2 halves of the mandible in utero and becomes ossified at age 2
mandibular symphisis
102
what is formed by the mental protuberance (prominent midline portion of chin) and mental tubercles (prominent lateral portions on either side of the protuberance)
mental trigon
103
which facial bone has attachments for temporalis, masseter, triangularis/depressor anguli oris, platysma, mentalis, buccinator
mandible
104
which bony landmark found internally on the mandible is known as the tongue of the mandibular foramen
lingula
105
which joint is between the convex condyle of the mandible and the concave glenoid/mandibular fossa/notch of the temporal bone
TMJ
106
how many synovial cavities does TMJ have
2 separated by an articular disk
107
what is the 3rd surface for articulation of the TMJ, aside from the head of the condyle (mandible) and the mandibular/glenoid fossa (temporal)
articular tubercle of temporal bone
108
which TMJ ligament runs from zygomatic arch to neck of mandible
temporomandibular/lateral ligament
109
which TMJ ligament supports the weight of the jaw and limits protrusion
stylomandibular ligament
110
which TMJ ligament has a passive role in support
sphenomandibular ligament
111
nerve pain in the face usually results from what
trigeminal neuralgia
112
Bell's palsy is caused by trauma to which cranial nerve
CN VII (facial nerve)
113
what are the major muscles of mastication
temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid
114
which muscle group is innervated by the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
muscles of mastication
115
which is the most powerful muscle of mastication
masseter
116
which muscles of mastication contralaterally deviate the mandible
medial and lateral pterygoid
117
which muscles of mastication elevate the mandible
masseter, medial pterygoid and temporalis
118
which is the only muscle of mastication that does not protract the mandible
temporalis
119
which muscles of mastication retract the mandible
masseter and temporalis
120
which muscle of mastication is the major protractor
lateral pterygoid
121
which muscle of mastication has fibres running horizontally
lateral pterygoid
122
which 2 muscles form a sling that supports the mandible
masseter and medial pterygoid
123
which muscles of the tongue have transverse, vertical, and superior and inferior longitudinal bands
intrinsic tongue muscles
124
what are the extrinsic tongue muscles
genioglossus, palatoglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus
125
which extrinsic tongue muscle protrudes the tongue
genioglossus
126
which extrinsic tongue muscles elevate and retract the tongue
styloglossus, palatoglossus
127
which extrinsic tongue muscle depresses and retracts the tongue
hyoglossus
128
which is the only facial muscle not innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)
levator palpebrae superioris
129
which 2 muscles form the epicranius when combined
occipitofrontalis and temporparietalis
130
what is the sheetlike fascia of the scalp that all scalp muscles attach to
gallea aponeurotica
131
which group of muscles move the scalp, ears, and eyebrows
scalp muscles
132
what are the actions of occipitofrontalis
draws scalp anteriorly and posteriorly, raises the eyebrows, wrinkles forehead skin
133
which muscle contributes to surprise
occipitofrontalis
134
which muscle is superficial to temporalis and elevates the ear (and tightens the scalp)
temporoparietalis
135
which scalp muscle has an anterior, posterior, and superior
auricularis
136
name the 3 parts of orbicularis oculi
orbital/outer, palpebral/inner, lacrimal/medial
137
which muscle does frowning
corrugator supercilli
138
which part of the nasalis muscle constricts and which part flares/dilates the nostrils
transverse part constricts, alar part dilates
139
which is the most superior, superficial nasal muscle that wrinkles the skin of the nose up and draws down the medial eyebrow
procerus
140
name another nostril constrictor that originates from the incisive fossa of maxilla and inserts on nasal septum and alar cartilage
depressor septi nasi
141
what is the action of depressor septi nasi
constricts nostrils
142
which muscles attach on the modiolus of the mouth
zygomaticus major, risorius, levator/depressor anguli oris, orbicularis orbis
143
what is the kiss muscle called
orbicularis oris
144
which muscle compresses the cheeks against teeth and originates from mandibular and maxillary alveolar processes
buccinator
145
which muscle does a wide smile
risorius
146
a bifid _____ muscle results in dimples
zygomaticus major
147
which of the zygomaticus muscles insert on the modiolus
major
148
which of the zygomaticus muscles only acts on the upper lip, not the angle
minor
149
what actions do zygomaticus minor and levator labii superioris and levator labii superioris aleaque nasi have on the upper lip
elevate and evert
150
does levator labii superioris aleaque nasi constrict or flare the nostrils
flares
151
which is the vampire muscle that does a sneer unilaterally
levator anguli oris
152
which are the frown muscles
depressor anguli oris and depressor labii inferioris
153
which muscle pouts (everts, protrudes, and elevates lower lip)
mentalis
154
which muscle draws up the skin of chest and neck, creating ridges in the neck skin
platysma
155
