MSK 01 - Terms of movement, nerves & gait Flashcards
what is a dermatome
area of skin that is mainly supplied by cutaneous branches of a single spinal nerve
what is a myotome
a group of muscles derived from one somite and supplied by a single spinal nerve
what is the fasciae
layers of connective tissue which permeate the body
what is deep fascia in terms of what it surrounds (4 things)
muscles
groups of muscles
blood vessels
nerves
what are the 2 general rules for muscles grouped in the same fascial compartment
similar function
same nerve supply
what does the fascial compartment do for blood supply
aids venous return
the muscle bellies contract and expand in the unyielding fascial compartment they compress veins and force blood in those vessels to return to the heart
what is compartment syndrome and what happens to the muscle
pressure in muscular compartment becomes too high
the muscles in the compartment end up losing their blood supply and become ischemic which can later cause nerve damage
what are the two phases of the gait cycle
stance phase
swing phase
what is the stance phase
foot in contact with the ground
what is the swing phase
foot is in the air
what are the three stages within the stance phase
heel strike
foot progression
toe off
what are the 3 gait disorders
antalgic gait
cerebellar gait
high steppage gait
what is antalgic gait pattern in terms of the stance and swing phases
shortened stance phase on affected side
what causes antalgic gait pattern
pain
what is cerebellar ataxia in terms of the stance and swing phases
slow pace
wide based stance
