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MSK 1 Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

What is a strain or tear?

A

Muscle or tendon injury involving over contracting or lengthening a muscle causing tearing of collagen.

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2
Q

What are the grades of strains/tears?

A
  • Grade I
  • Grade II
  • Grade III
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3
Q

What type of muscle contractions are associated with strains?

A

Eccentric contractions (deceleration phase).

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4
Q

What is the lifetime incidence of Achilles Tendinopathy in elite runners?

A

7-9%

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5
Q

Which athletes are commonly affected by Achilles Tendinopathy?

A

Also common in other athletes; 1/3 of cases are non-athletes.

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6
Q

What are common biomechanical factors contributing to Achilles Tendinopathy?

A
  • Overpronation of foot
  • Footwear
  • Training surfaces
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7
Q

What are the clinical signs and symptoms of Patella Tendinopathy?

A
  • Anterior Knee Pain
  • Decreased function (e.g., stairs, up/down hills, kneeling)
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8
Q

What is a key management strategy for Patella Tendinopathy?

A

Eccentric loading is more effective than concentric in some studies.

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9
Q

What are some risk factors for Patella Tendinopathy?

A
  • Weight
  • BMI
  • Leg length difference
  • Arch height of foot
  • Quads flexibility/strength
  • Hamstring flexibility
  • Vertical jump performance
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10
Q

What are the clinical signs and symptoms of Gluteal Tendinopathy (GTPS)?

A
  • Lateral hip pain
  • Tenderness around GT
  • Pain on walking/standing on one leg/getting up from sitting/side lying
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11
Q

What is the most prevalent lower limb tendinopathy?

A

Gluteal Tendinopathy (GTPS).

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12
Q

What are common areas affected by tendinopathy?

A
  • Glutes
  • Patella
  • Achilles
  • Tibialis Posterior
  • Hamstrings
  • Peroneals
  • Plantar Fasciopathy
  • Rotator Cuff
  • Long Head of Biceps
  • Lateral Epicondylalgia
  • Medial Epicondylalgia
  • De Quervains
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13
Q

What is a common management strategy for tendinopathy?

A

Education, Exercise, Load Modification/Management, Eccentric Loading, Isometric Loading, Stretches, Shockwave, Manual Therapy.

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14
Q

What is a characteristic symptom of Plantar Fasciopathy?

A

Pain at the proximal insertion of the plantar fascia, particularly with big toe extension and ankle dorsiflexion.

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15
Q

What percentage of people will suffer from Plantar Fasciopathy in their lifetime?

A

1 in 10 people.

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16
Q

What is a common symptom of De Quervains?

A

Pain on the radial side of the wrist that can be referred to the thumb.

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17
Q

What is the most common age group affected by De Quervains?

A

40s-50s.

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18
Q

What is a key management strategy for Medial Epicondylalgia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Load Management and Education.

19
Q

What is the common term for Medial Epicondylalgia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Golfer’s Elbow.

20
Q

What is the most common overuse syndrome in the elbow?

Study These Flashcards
A

Lateral Epicondylalgia (Tennis Elbow).

21
Q

What are the clinical signs and symptoms of Rotator Cuff Related Shoulder Pain?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Pain and impairment of shoulder movement
  • Painful to lie on affected side
22
Q

What are common physiotherapy management strategies for strains/tears?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • POLICE/PRICE
  • Mobilisation
  • Strength/loading
  • Proprioception
  • Endurance training
23
Q

What are some risk factors for tendinopathy?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Overload/Underload
  • Changes in load/training
  • Age
  • Previous Injury
  • Increased BMI
  • Diabetes
  • Medication
  • Genetic Factors
24
Q

What are common muscles for tears?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Pec Major
  • Long Head of Biceps
  • Rotator Cuff
  • Quads/Hams
  • Achilles Tendon
25
What is Adhesive capsulitis commonly referred to as?
Frozen Shoulder ## Footnote Frozen shoulder is characterized by initially painful and later progressively restricted active and passive glenohumeral joint range of motion.
26
What are the three phases of Frozen Shoulder?
* Initial Phase: Painful, Freezing * Second Phase: Decreased Range of Movement * Third Phase: Resolution ## Footnote Each phase has distinct characteristics and timelines.
27
What characterizes a Grade III ligament injury?
Complete rupture of ligament, tendon or muscle ## Footnote This classification indicates joint instability and may require immobilization and/or surgery.
28
What is the prevalence of Frozen Shoulder in the population?
2-5% of the population ## Footnote More common among females, particularly those aged 35-65.
29
What are the common sites of ligament injuries?
* ACL * PCL * LCL * MCL * ATFL * CTFL * ACJ ligaments ## Footnote These ligaments are often involved in various sports injuries.
30
Define Femoralacetabular impingement (FAI).
Pathological mechanical process damaging soft tissue structures in the hip due to morphological abnormalities ## Footnote FAI can be classified into three types: cam, pincer, and mixed/combined impingement.
31
What are the risk factors for developing Osteoarthritis (OA)?
* Age * Female gender * Obesity * Anatomical factors * Muscle weakness * Joint injury ## Footnote These factors contribute to the breakdown of cartilage in joints.
32
What is the primary function of a ligament?
To provide passive stabilisation of a joint ## Footnote Ligaments also play an important role in proprioceptive function.
33
What is a Bankart lesion?
A tear of the labrum from the bone, resulting in shoulder instability ## Footnote This injury may lead to further episodes of dislocation.
34
What are the two types of meniscal tears?
* Acute tears * Degenerative tears ## Footnote Acute tears are often caused by trauma, while degenerative tears occur in older individuals.
35
What is Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)?
Pain arising from the patellofemoral joint or adjacent soft tissues ## Footnote PFPS can be acute or chronic and tends to worsen with specific activities.
36
What are the phases of Frozen Shoulder?
* Acute/freezing/painful phase * Adhesive/frozen/stiffening phase * Resolution/thawing phase ## Footnote Each phase has unique symptoms and duration.
37
What is the estimated global prevalence of Osteoarthritis (OA)?
3.3% to 3.6% of the population ## Footnote OA is the 11th most debilitating disease worldwide.
38
What is the relationship between joint laxity and ligament injury?
Increased joint laxity can lead to a higher risk of ligament injuries ## Footnote Factors such as sex and hormones can influence joint laxity.
39
What are the common treatments for meniscal tears?
* Physical therapy * Anti-inflammatory medication * Surgical management if conservative treatment fails ## Footnote Treatment depends on the type and severity of the tear.
40
What is the primary characteristic of a Grade II ligament injury?
Partial tear of ligament, tendon or muscle with inflammatory signs ## Footnote Symptoms include moderate swelling and joint instability.
41
What is a SLAP tear?
A tear at the top of the labrum ## Footnote This injury can lead to shoulder instability.
42
What are the management strategies for Osteoarthritis?
* Education and self-management * Non-pharmacological management * Pharmacological management * Referral for joint surgery ## Footnote Comprehensive management is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
43
What is the significance of elevated levels of serum cytokines in Frozen Shoulder?
They facilitate tissue repair and remodelling during inflammatory processes ## Footnote Imbalances in cytokine levels can contribute to the condition.
44
What anatomical structures are involved in shoulder stability?
* Shoulder labrum * Capsule * Surrounding muscles ## Footnote These structures work together to prevent dislocation.

MSK (4 decks)

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