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PD Exam 3 > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

(119 cards)

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1
Q

Grade of muscle strength with no contraction/ paralysis

A

0- absent

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2
Q

Grade of muscle strength with slight contraction

A

1-trace

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3
Q

Grade of muscle strength: movement with gravity eliminated

A

2- weak

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4
Q

What would you grade joint with some muscle movement against gravity with little resistance

A

3- fair

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5
Q

What would you grade a muscle with movement against gravity with some resistance

A

4- good

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6
Q

What would you grade a muscle with movement against gravity with full resistance?

A

5- normal

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7
Q

What muscles are responsible for flexion of the shoulder joint?

A

Anterior deltoid
Pec major
Coracobrachialis
Biceps Brachii

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8
Q

What muscles are response for extension of the shoulder?

A

Lat Dorsi
Teres Major
Posterior delt
Triceps brachii

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9
Q

What muscles are responsible for abduction of the shoulder?

A

Supraspinatus
Middle deltoid
Serratus anterior

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10
Q

What muscles are responsible for adduction of the shoulder?

A

Pec major
Coracobrachialis
Lat Dorsi
Teres major
Subscapularis

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11
Q

What muscles are responsible for IR of the shoulder?

A

Subscapularis
Anterior Deltoid
Pec Major
Teres Major
Lat Dorsi

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12
Q

What muscles are responsible for external rotation of the shoulder?

A

Infraspinatus
Teres Major
Post delt

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13
Q

What is nurse maids elbow?

A

MOA: pulling action of forearm
Typically occurs in children
Subluxation of radial head from the annular ligament

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14
Q

What should the width of base of a normal patients gait, from heel to heel?

A

2”-4”

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15
Q

Lordosis typically affects which portions of the spine?

A

Cervical and lumbar

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16
Q

Kyphosis usually affects which portions of the spine?

A

Thoracic and sacrococcygeal

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17
Q

What is the most prominent spinous process that is palpable when a patient performs forward neck flexion?

A

C7- T1

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18
Q

What exam should you do if you suspect your patient has cauda equina syndrome?

A

Rectal exam- inspecting rectal tone

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19
Q

What is an early symptom of hip issues?

A

Difficulty putting on shoes

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20
Q

What are the typical complaints of a patient presenting with hip pain?

A

Pain
Stiffness
Deformity
Limp

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21
Q

Why are difficulty putting on shoes, typically the earliest sign of hip issues?

A

Motion requires ER of the hip which is the first motion to be lost with degenerative hip disease

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22
Q

What is the first motion lost with degenerative hip disease?

A

External rotation

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23
Q

List the order from first to last of the directions of motions lost with degenerative hip disease:

A

ER> Abduction> adduction> flexion

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24
Q

What muscle is responsible for flexion of the hip?

A

Iliopsoas

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25
What muscle is responsible for extension of the hip?
Glute max
26
What muscles are responsible for Abd of the hip
Glute medius and minimus
27
What muscles are response for adduction of the hip?
Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Pectineus
28
What muscle is responsible for IR of the hip?
Iliopsoas
29
What muscles are responsible for ER of the hip?
Internal and external obturator Quadratus femoris Sup/inf gemellus
30
What is the LARGEST hinge joint in the body?
Knee
31
What bones make up the knee joint?
Femur, tibia, patella
32
What 4 ligaments provide stability and are key in the maintenance of position of the knee joint relative to the femur?
ACL PCL MCL LCL
33
What muscles are responsible for flexion of the knee? (Be specific)
Hamstrings: Biceps femoris Semimembranosis Semitendinosis
34
What muscles are responsible for extension of the knee joint? (Be specific)
Quadriceps: Rectus femoris Vastus Medialis Vastus Lateralis Vastus intermedius
35
What muscles are responsible for internal rotation of the knee?
Satorius Gracilis Semitendinosis Semimembranosis
36
What muscle is responsible for external rotation of the knee?
Biceps femoris
37
How much of total body weight is transmitted from the ankle to the foot?
1/2 total body weight
38
The ankle joint is what type of joint?
Hinge
39
What bones form overall ankle hinge joint?
Talus Fibula Tibia
40
What are the names of the primary joints of the ankle?
Tibiotalar joint Subtalar (talocalcaneal)
41
What is the primary medial stabilizer of the ankle?
Deltoid ligament
42
What are the primary stabilizers of the lateral ankle?
ATFL Calcaneofibular ligament PTFL
43
What muscles are responsible for plantarflexion of the ankle joint?
Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Tib posteroir
44
What muscles are responsible for dorsiflexion of the ankle?
Tibialis anterior Extensor Digitorum longus Extensor Hallucis longus
45
At what specific ankle joint to dorsiflexion and plantarflexion occur at?
Tibiotalar joint
46
At what specific joint does ankle inversion and eversion occur at?
Subtalar joint
47
What muscles are responsible for inversion of the ankle?
Tibialis anterior and posterior
48
What muscles are responsible for ankle eversion?
Peroneal longus and brevis
49
What time frame is an acute injury?
Within the past 2 weeks
50
What is the time frame of a subacute injury?
Within the past 3-4 weeks
51
What is the time frame for a chronic injury?
1-2 months
52
What is an articular injury?
Condition within the joint capsule, articular surfaces, cartilages, synovium, synovial fluid, and intra-articular ligaments
53
What sx do articular injuries typically present with?
Swelling and tenderness to the joint capsule Crepitus Instability Locking Snapping
54
Are articular injuries typically limited in AROM, PROM, or both?
Both
55
What is an extra articular injury?
Condition within periarticular ligaments, tendons, bursae, muscle, fascia, bone, nerve, and overlying skin
56
What are the sx of an extraarticular condition?
Point tenderness in adjacent regions
57
Are extraarticular conditions limited in AROM, PROM, or both?
AROM
58
What are the 4 cardinal features of inflammation?
Swelling Warmth Redness Pain
59
What is the Mneumonic associated with infection?
SHARP
60
What are the sx of an infectious MSK process (think of the pneumonic)
Swelling Heat Aching Redness Pus
61
What are examples of MSK conditIons that are MONOARTICULAR?
Traumatic Crystalline Septic
62
At are examples of OLIGOARTICULAR MSK conditions?
Gonorrhea Rheumatic fever CT disease OA
63
What are examples of POLYARTICULAR MSK conditions?
Lupus RA Psoriasis
64
What are symptoms of a systemic MSK condition?
Fever Chills Rash Fatigue Anorexia Weakness
65
What is the primary referred sx of radioculopathy?
Foot pain
66
What is the primary referred sx from a hip condition?
Knee pain
67
What is the primary referred sx from intraabdominal processes?
Shoulder Pain
68
Synovial spheroid joints
Ball and stocket Wide ROM (F/E, Abd/Add, rotation, circumduction) Convex surface in a concave cavity
69
Synovial Hinge joint
Motion in 1 plane (F/E) Flat, planar, articular surfaces (Elbow/ IP Jts)
70
Synovial Condylar Joits
“Egg in spoon” Movment of 2 articular surfaces Allows for F/E, rotation, coronal plane motion Convex or concave Knee, wrist, TMJ
71
Cartilaginous joints
Slightly moveable Vertebral bodies and symphysis pubis
72
Fibrous joints
Intervening layers of fibrous tissue or cartilage Immobile Skull
73
What is the primary special test to dx DeQuarvain’s Tenosynovitis?
Finklestein test
74
What is a positive Finkelstein test?
Patient makes fist with thumb in Deviation towards ulnar aspect += pain over the abd Pollicis longus and extensor Pollicis brevis
75
What type of splint is indicated for someone with DeQuarvian’s Tenosynovitis?
SPICA
76
What does Tinel’s test look for?
Carpel tunnel (median nerve entrapment)
77
What type of split do we use for median nerve pain/ positive Tinel’s Test?
Volar splint or cock up[
78
Tinel’s Test
Tap over the median nerve —> reproduction of pain and Parasthesia proximal and distal to the site
79
What are the 2 carpel tunnel special tests?
Tinel’s Phalen
80
Phalen’s test
Patient holds both wrists flexed against each other (inverted prayer) for 30-60min + = reproduction of sx of carpel tunnel
81
What are the 2 primary knee special tests?
Valgus/Varus stress test Ant/Post Drawer
82
What does varus/valgus stress test look for?
Tests integrity of the collateral ligaments of the knee
83
What is a + varus/valgus stress test?
Pain or gap/laxity over the area being tested
84
How is the patient positioned for valgus/varus test?
Knee slight flexed; abduct leg off the table about 30 degrees
85
When you are testing for laxity of the MCL, do you place a valgus or varus stress?
Valgus
86
when you are testing the LCL, do you place a valgus or varus stress?
Varus
87
Describe how to perform a valgus stress test on the MCL
Stabilizing hand on the lateral knee Movement hand on medial ankle Place varus stress, pushing the ankle laterally
88
Describe how you would perform a varus stress test on the LCL
Stabilizing hand on the medial knee Movement hand on the lateral ankle Push ankle medially
89
What do the Anterior/Posterior Drawer test test for?
Test the integrity of the cruciate ligaments of the knee
90
What is a + anterior/posterior drawer?
Pain or gap/laxity of the area being tested
91
How should a patient be positioned for an ant/post drawer test?
Hip and knee flexed to 90 with feet flat on the table Provider thumbs should be over the medial and lateral joint lines
92
Testing the ACL
Anterior drawer Draw the tibia forward, observing the degree of sliding (few degrees= normal)
93
Testing the PCL
Posterior drawer Push tibia posteriorly and observe degree of motion
94
Back pain definition
6-12 weeks of pain between the costal angels and gluteal folds that may radiate down one or both legs
95
Common presentation of back pain
Awaken with morning pain or develop pain after minor forward blinding, twisting, or lifting
96
Are recurrent episodes of back pain typically more or less painful
More painful
97
Red Flag Sx in back pain
<20 or >50 Hx of cancer Unexplained weight loss, fever, or decline in general health Pain lasting more than 1 month or non-responsive to treatment Pain at night at rest Hx of IVDU, addiction, immunosuppresion Presence of active infection or HIV Long term steroid therapy Saddle anesthesia, bladder, or bowel incontinence Neurologic sx or progressive neurological deficit
98
Why is a red flag for back pain IVDU?
Patients with hx IVDU are susceptible to abscesses in the dorsal roots of the spine Spinous processes will be painful on percussion
99
What are the red flag sx associated with cauda equina syndrome?
Saddle anesthesia, bladder, and bowel incontinence
100
What are the sx of lymes disease?
ERYTHEMA MIGRANS Mental status changes Facial weakness Nuchal rigidity
101
Sx of IBD
Diarrhea Abd pain Cramping Scleritis
102
Sx of rheumatoid arthritis
Scleritis Oral ulcers Pneumonitis Interstitial lung disease
103
Sx of Bechet Disease
Erythema nodosum Oral ulcers Conjunctivitis Uveitis
104
Sx of Rheumatic fever
Fever Malaise PRECEDING SORE THROAT SUBCUTANEOUS NODULES
105
Notable shoulder/ upper arm injuries
Anterior shoulder dislocation AC joint separation Biceps Tendon rupture
106
Notable elbow issues
Olecranon Bursitis Elbow dislocation Supracondylar fracture - POSTERIOR SAIL SIGN
107
Notable wrist deformity
Colles fracture (Will see dinner fork deformity) MOA: fish
108
Hand issues
Boutonnière deformity Swan Neck deformity Herbeden Nodes Bouchard Nodes Mallet finger- they say they jammed it. No pain Claw hand- usually nerve injury (stroke, congenital) Trigger finger- gets stuck
109
Sign of a hip fracture
Leg length discrepancy ( fx side is shortened in externally rotated)
110
Patellar Tendon Rupture
Knee cap displaced upward with elongated area distal to knee cap
111
Patient presents with hot, tender, swollen metatarsal that is PAINFUL ON LIGHT TOUCH. What do you suspect?
Gout
112
Deformity where the sole of the foot touches the floor
Flat foot
113
High arched feet
Cavus foot
114
Patient presents with an MTP that his hyperextended and TIPJ flexed. What is this deformity?
Hammer toe
115
Lateral deviation of the great toe Possible enlargement of the head of the first metatarsal on media side forming a bunion
Hallux Valgus
116
Injuries to the torsalmetatarsal (TMT) joint complex are commonly referred to ________________
Lisfranc injuries
117
When Lisfran injuries go undetected (which is often) this leads to what?
OA Long term disability
118
Lisfranc injuries result from:
Indirect injuries as a result from an axial load placed on a platnar flexed foot that forcibly rotates, bends, or is compressed
119
Common MOA for Lisfranc
Falling forward onto a plantar flexed foot

PD Exam 3 (3 decks)

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