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Board Review - MSK > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Boggy end feel

A

edema, joint swelling

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2
Q

Rubbery end feel

A

muscle spasm

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3
Q

What is reverse scapulothoracic rhythm?

A

use of scapular stabilizers to initiate shoulder motion when shoulder abductors are weakened

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4
Q

common muscle substitution when hip abductors are weak

A

use of lateral trunk muscles or TFL

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5
Q

What is tenodesis?

A

use of passive finger flexion by contraction of wrist extensors when finger flexors are weak

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6
Q

common muscle substitutions when pectoralis major is weak

A

use of long head of biceps, coracobrachialis, and anterior deltoid

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7
Q

common muscle substitutions when hip extensors are weak

A

use of lower back extensors, adductor magnus, and quadratus lumborum

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8
Q

common muscle substitutions when hip flexors are weak

A

use of lower abdominal, lower obliques, hip adductors, and latissimus dorsi

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9
Q

Orientation of the glenoid fossa places true ABD at _________

A

30 degrees anterior to frontal plane

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10
Q

primary function of coracohumeral ligament

When is it taut?

A

primary function is to reinforce biceps tendon, reinforce superior capsule, and prevent caudal dislocation of humerus
- taut w/ ER

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11
Q

superior GH ligament limits what motions

A

limits ER and inferior translation

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12
Q

middle GH ligament limits what motions

A

limits ER and anterior translation

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13
Q

inferior GH ligament

A
  • anterior band - limits ER, anterior, and superior translation
  • posterior band - limits ER and anterior translation
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14
Q

At what degree of elevation does ER occur? Why?

A

75 degrees - to prevent compression of greater tubercle against the acromion

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15
Q

____ ratio of GH:scapulothoracic motion

A

2:1
- first 30-60 degrees of elevation occurs mainly in the GH joint

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16
Q

requirements for full shoulder elevation (6)

A
  • scapular stabilization
  • inferior glide of humerus
  • ER of humerus
  • rotation of the clavicle at sternoclavicular joint
  • scapular ABD and lateral rotation (ER) of acromioclavicular joint
  • straightening of thoracic kyphosis
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17
Q

ulnar _______ slightly w/ extension and ________ slightly w/ flexion

A

pronates w/ extension

supinates w/ flexion

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18
Q

proximal ulnar glides _________ during extension and _________ during flexion

A

medially during extension and laterally during flexion

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19
Q

normal angle of inclination at hip

A

115 - 125 degrees

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20
Q

coxa valga angle at hip

A

> 125 degrees

21
Q

coxa vara angle at hip

A

< 115 degrees

22
Q

anterior antetorsion angle of hip

A

10 - 15 degress from frontal plane

23
Q

anteversion of hip

A

> 25 - 30 degrees

24
Q

retroversion of hip

A

< 10 degrees

25
Q

What hip ROM are required for normal gait on level ground?

A
  • 30 flexion
  • 10 ext
  • 5 ABD/ADD
  • 5 IR/ER
26
Q

Functions of menisci (6)

A
  • deepens fossa of tibia
  • increases congruency of tibia and femur
  • provides shock absorption and lubrication to knee
  • reduces friction during movement
  • improves weight distribution
27
Q

What pulls medial meniscus posteriorly during knee flexion?

A

semimembranosus and ACL

28
Q

What pulls medial meniscus anteriorly during knee extension?

A

medial meniscopatellar ligament

29
Q

What pulls lateral meniscus posteriorly during knee flexion?

A

popliteus

30
Q

What pulls lateral meniscus anteriorly during knee extension?

A

lateral meniscopatellar ligament and meniscofemoral ligament

31
Q

What is normal ROM of knee flexion during walking?

A

~ 15 degrees

32
Q

screw home mechanism describes what and when does it occur?

A

5 degrees of tibial ER that occurs at terminal knee extnesion
- occurs as CKC internal femoral rotation during weight-bearing to provide increased stability of knee

33
Q

What creates IR of femur (aka ER of tibia)

A

medial meniscus which is attached to MCL, tightens during extension

34
Q

When is plantar fascia tight? What does this cause

A
  • tight w/ DF of MTP joints during push off (windlass effect)
  • causes supination of calcaneus and inversion of subtalar joint, creating a rigid lever for push off
35
Q

talus rotates _______ from DF to PF

A

medially 30 degrees

36
Q

OKC arthrokinematics/osteokinematic of talocrural joints

A

PF - talus anterior glide on mortise w/ slight medial rotation or ADD

DF - talus posterior glide on mortise w/ slight lateral rotation or ABD

37
Q

CKC arthrokinematics/osteokinematic of talocrural joints

A

PF - tibia glides posteriorly on talus w/ slight lateral rotation

DF - tibia glides anteriorly on talus w/ slight medial rotation

38
Q

OKC arthrokinematics of subtalar

A

Pros Do ABS Every Day
Pronation
- ABD
- Eversion
- DF

Sometimes Injury ADDS Pain
Supination
- ADD
- Inversion
- PF

39
Q

CKC arthrokinematics of subtalar

A

Pronation
- ADD
- Eversion
- PF

Supination
- ABD
- Inversion
- DF

40
Q

What is the Rules of 3?

A

spinous process angled to which levels for thoracic spine

T1-T3 - even w/ transverse process of same level

T4-T6 - 1/2 level below transverse process of same level

T7-T9 - 1 full level below transverse process of same level

T11 - 1/2 level below

T12 - level

41
Q

What level does spinal cord end?

A

~ L1-L2
conus medullaris

42
Q

TMJ ROM

A

functional range of opening - 40 mm

25 mm of rotation

15 mm of tanslatory glide

43
Q

contraindications to STM

A

Absolute:
- soft tissue breakdown, -
infection,
- skin disease,
- cellulitis,
- osteomyelitis,
- contagious illness,
- malignant tumor,
- aneurysms

  • Neuroses,
  • lymphangitis,
  • hemophilia,
  • sensory impairment,
  • DVT
  • hematoma
44
Q

Absolute contraindications for joint mobilization/manipulation/traction

A
  • joint ankyloses
  • malignancy
  • diseases that affect integrity of ligaments (RA, Down syndrome)
  • arterial insufficiency
  • active inflammatory and/or infectious process
45
Q

opiod OD triad

A
  • pinpoint pupils
  • respiratory depression
  • inconsciousness
46
Q

active vs passive insufficiency

A

active - inability of a 2 joint muscle to generate force bc muscle has become too shortened

passive - inability of a 2 joint muscle to lengthen far enough to allow for full ROM

47
Q

lower crossed syndrome

A

tight erector spinae and iliopsoas muscles and weak abdominal and gluteus maximus muscles. This results in an anterior pelvic tilt, an increased lumbar lordosis, and a slight flexion of the hip

48
Q

wrist positions would maximal grip strength

A

30 deg wrist ext

Board Review - MSK (13 decks)

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