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1
Q

Compartment syndrome is due to what physiologically?

A

Soft tissue swelling

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2
Q

Can compartment syndrome follow a lower extremity embolectomy

A

Yes. It is a form of ischemia-reperfusion syndrome

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3
Q

Anterior shoulder dislocation increases risk of injury to what nerve

A

Axillary

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4
Q

___ nerve palsy may lead to wrist drop and loss of thumb extension

A

Radial

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5
Q

Humerus fracture may lead to __ nerve palsy

A

Radial

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6
Q

Weak wrist flexion and flat thenar eminence is due to injury of what nerve

A

Median

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7
Q

Claw hand is due to injury of what nerve

A

Ulnar

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8
Q

Decreased sensation over deltoid is due to what nerve injury

A

Axillary

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9
Q

Foot drop is due to damage of which nerve

A

Peroneal

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10
Q

___ nerve injury leads to benediction sign due to an inability to close first through third digits

A

Median

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11
Q

When is intrabursal corticosteroid injection contraindicated for bursitis

A

When septic bursitis is suspected

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12
Q

Volkmans contracture Of wrist and fingers is caused by ___ associated with —— fractures

A

Compartment syndrome

Supracondylar humerus fractures

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13
Q

____ epicondylitis worsens with resisted extension of the wrist, and __ epicondylitis worsens with resisted flexion If wrist

A

Lateral

Medial

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14
Q

Passive and crossed straight leg raise can ___ pain in herniated disc

A

Increase

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15
Q

In lumbar stenosis, leg cramping is ___ with standing and walking and ___ with flexion at the hips

A

Worse

Better

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16
Q

Tx of refractory spinal stenosis

A

Surgical laminectomy (though often have recurrence of sx)

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17
Q

What nerve root controls foot dorsiflexion

A

L4

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18
Q

What nerve root controls patellar reflex

A

L4

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19
Q

What nerve root controls sensory input to medial aspect of lower leg

A

L4

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20
Q

What nerve root controls foot eversion and big toe dorsiflexion

A

L5

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21
Q

What nerve root controls sensory input to dorsum of foot and lateral aspect of lower leg

A

L5

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22
Q

What nerve root controls plantar flexion and hip extension

A

S1

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23
Q

What nerve root controls Achilles reflex

A

S1

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24
Q

What nerve root controls sensory input to plantar and lateral aspects of the foot

A

S1

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25
Bowel or bladder dysfunction, impotence and saddle area anesthesia are consistent with
Cauda equina syndrome
26
Where does osteosarcoma tend to occur
Metaphyseal regions of distal femur, proximal tibia and proximal humerus
27
Pain worsens at night in what bone cancer
Osteosarcoma
28
Link these terms to appropriate bone cancer: 1. Sunburst pattern 2. Onion skinning 3. Soap bubble
1. Osteosarcoma 2. Ewing sarcoma 3. Giant cell tumor
29
Most common benign bone tumor
Osteochondroma
30
First step in relieving spinal cord pressure in suspected metastasis (as you go to mri?)
Steroids
31
Describe osteoma
Benign bone forming tumor characterized by prostaglandin formation
32
Relief of pain with osteoma
NSAIDs
33
Wbc on septic arthritis is
>80,000
34
Empirically treat septic arthritis with
Ceftriaxone and vanc
35
Other than abx how do you tx septic arthritis
Surgical debridement or serial aspirations
36
Pmn % on synovial fluid analysis in inflamed joint will be
>50
37
Pmn % on synovial fluid analysis in septic joint will be
>75
38
Glucose on synovial fluid analysis in septic joint will be
<25
39
Pmn % on synovial fluid analysis in inflammatory joint will be
>25
40
Where does Ewing sarcoma usually present
Diaphyseal regions of the femur
41
Giant cell tumor of the bone usually presents in what demographic
Women aged 20-40
42
What antibodies do you find on synovial fluid analysis in ra
Anti ccp antibodies
43
In a child with gout and inexplicable injuries consider
Lesch-nyhan syndrome
44
How does colchicine work
Inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis
45
Side effects of colchicine
Diarrhea and bone marrow suppression
46
How do you choose between allopurinol and probenecid for maintenance therapy for gout
Allopurinol for overproducers Probenecid for under secreters
47
Hla dr4 is a rf for
Ra
48
In gout, crystals are ___ shaped and ___ bifereringent
Needle | Negatively
49
In pseudogout, crystals are ___ shaped and ___ bifereringent
Rhomboid | Positively
50
In pseudogout what joints are affected
Wrists and knees
51
Dx of ra
Increased rf or presence of anti-ccp antibodies
52
Anklyosing spondylitis is associated with hla-
B27
53
Typical age of onset of anklyosing spondylitis
Late teens and early 20s
54
Pain in anklyosing spondylitis ___ with inactivity and in mornings
Worsens
55
Two complications of anklyosing spondylitis
Uveitis and heart block
56
Radiographs of anklyosing spondylitis May show ___ SI joints and ___ spine
Fused | Bamboo
57
Tx of anklyosing spondylitis
NSAIDs and tnf inhibitors for refractory cases
58
Heliotrope rash (periorbital) is associated with what msk dz
Dermatomyositis
59
___ syndrome is characterized by ra, splenomegaly, neutropenia
Felty
60
Hydroxychloroquine causes ___ toxicity
Retinal
61
Disease associated with this antibody: ana
Sle
62
Disease associated with this antibody: anti-ccp
Ra
63
Disease associated with this antibody: anticentromere
Crest syndrome
64
Disease associated with this antibody: anti dsdna
Sle
65
Disease associated with this antibody: antihistone
Drug induced sle
66
Disease associated with this antibody: anti jo 1
Polymyositis/dermatomyositis
67
Disease associated with this antibody: antimitochondrial
Primary biliary cirrhosis
68
Disease associated with this antibody: anti scl-70
Systemic sclerosis
69
Disease associated with this antibody: anti sm
Sle
70
Disease associated with this antibody: anti smooth muscle
Autoimmune hepatitis
71
Disease associated with this antibody: antitopoisomerase
Systemic sclerosis
72
Disease associated with this antibody: anti tshr
Graves
73
Disease associated with this antibody: c anca
Vasculitis esp wegner
74
Disease associated with this antibody: p anca
Vasculitis esp microscopic polyangiitis
75
Disease associated with this antibody: rf
Ra
76
Disease associated with this antibody: u1rnp antibody
Mixed connective tissue disease
77
Why should you discontinue aspirin in acute gout attack
Aspirin can decrease excretion of uric acid
78
Antihistone antibodies are seen in what kind of lupus
Drug induced
79
Tx of acute sle exacerbation
Steroids
80
Tx for isolated skin and joint involvement in sle
Hydroxychloroquine
81
Severe cases of lupus nephritis can be treated with ___. Be sure to get ___.
Cyclophosphamide Renal biopsy
82
Monocular amaurosis fugax is associated with __. How to dx?
Giant cell (temporal artery) arteritis Dx with temporal artery biopsy
83
In Giant cell (temporal artery) arteritis, esr is
Elevated over 50
84
Most commonly involved metatarsal in stress fractures
Second metarsal
85
Tx of stress fracture of 2nd, 3rd and 4th metarsals
Rest and analgesics
86
Burns in a child that spare flexor surfaces are concerning for
Child abuse by deliberate immersion injury
87
Arc of ecchymosis distal to the medial malleolus (crescent sign) is associated with
Ruptured popliteal cyst
88
Most common asymptomatic elevation of alk phos in an elderly pt is due to
Paget dz of the bone
89
X-ray of paget dz of the bone will show
Osteolytic or mixed lytic-sclerotic lesions
90
What happens to head in Paget’s disease of the bone
It grows
91
Tx of paget’s dz of the bone
Bisphosphates
92
Are thiazides a rf for gout flare
Yes
93
Etiology of paget dz of bone
Abnormal osteoclastic activity leading to increased bone turnover and disordered bone remodeling
94
Why can you get hearing loss with paget dz of the bone
Due to enlargement of the temporal bone
95
Tx of sciatica due to herniated disc
NSAIDs
96
Do you need to do an mri of herniated disc
No unless there are progressive nerve deficits
97
Most common complication of supracondylar fractures of the humerus
Entrapment of the brachial artery or median nerve
98
To dx ra sx have to be present for over
Six weeks
99
Sjogrens is most common in what demographic
Middle Aged women
100
Can sjogrens cause dysphasia
Yes
101
Which are associated with hemathrosis, acl or mcl
Acl
102
Low grade fever, bilateral periorbital edema, headache, papilledema, cranial nerve deficits. What am I?
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
103
Symmetric asymmetric muscle weakness and absent deep tendon reflexes after recent infection
Guillain barre syndrome
104
Is guillain barre associated with severe pain in back or extremities
Yes
105
Lp for guillain barre shows
Elevated csf protein with normal white blood cell count
106
Tx of Giullain barre
Supportive and ivig
107
Tx of myasthenia gravis
Cyclosporine and pyridostigmine
108
What degenerative joint disease can cause groin pain
Oa of the hip
109
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is transmitted via what gene thing
X linked recessive
110
dx of duchene muscular dystrophy
Deletion of dystrophin gene on xp21
111
Muscle biopsy in duchenne muscular dystrophy will show
Fibrosis and fatty infiltration
112
Triad of fat embolism syndrome
Resp distress, neuro dysfunction, petechial rash
113
Rule of 9s
Body surface area in adults ``` Head and each arm=9% Back and chest each=18% Each leg=18% Perineum=1% Palm=1% ```
114
Tenosynovitis largely affects which extremities
Hands and wrists

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