MSK Flashcards
(54 cards)
what are the UE myotomes?
C1-2: cervical flexion C3: side flexion C4: shrug C5: abduction C6: elbow flexion / wrist extension C7: elbow extension / wrist flexion C8: thumb extension T1: finger abduction
what are the LE myotomes?
L1-2: hip flexion L3: knee extension L4: dorsiflexion L5: big toe extension S1: eversion / PF / hip ext S2: knee flexion
what are the biceps, brachioradialis, and triceps reflex nerve roots?
biceps: C5-C6
brachioradialis: C5-C6
triceps: C7-C8
what are the patellar, achilles tendon, and hamstrings reflex nerve roots?
patellar: L2-L4
achilles tendon: S1-S2
hamstrings: L5-S2
what does a posterior glide of the shoulder improve when performed at 90 degrees of flexion?
horizontal adduction (think horizontal abduction would stress anterior capsule and it’s opposite)
what is the capsular pattern of the shoulder?
ER, abduction, IR
what is the capsular pattern of the elbow?
flexion > extension
what is the capsular pattern of the hip?
IR, flexion, abduction, (minimal extension loss)
what is the capsular pattern of the knee?
flexion > extension
what direction should mobilizations be performed in patients with frozen shoulder?
posterior / inferior
what muscles are tight in upper crossed syndrome? what muscles are weak?
Tight 1) SCM / pec minor 2) upper traps / levator scapulae Weak 1) deep cervical flexors 2) lower traps / serratus anterior
what muscles are tight in lower crossed syndrome? what muscles are weak?
Tight 1) hip flexors 2) erector spinae Weak 1) abdominals 2) glute med / max / min
what muscles upwardly rotate the shoulder? which ones downwardly rotate the shoulder?
upward rotation 1) serratus anterior 2) upper and lower traps downward rotation 1) rhomboids 2) levator scapulae 3) pec minor
what happens at the tibia and foot with knee valgus?
1) IR of tibia
2) overpronation at the forefoot
what happens with anteversion of the hip? what’s the compensation that occurs?
1) hip anteversion is when the femoral head moves too far anteriorly
2) to correct this, toeing in (IR of the femur) improves joint congruency
what position should the foot be placed in following achilles tendon repair surgery?
slight PF (to reduce stretch of the tendon)
what is Scheuermann’s disease? what are the most commonly affected levels? what is it also known as?
1) weakening of vertebral end plates leading to excessive kyphosis of the thoracic spine (must involve 3+ adjacent vertebrae)
2) T10-L2
3) juvenile scoliosis
what should be avoided with spondylolthesis?
hyper extension of the spine past neutral
a patient has trouble closing at the left C4-C5 segment, what are a couple mobilization options to improve closing at this joint?
1) PA glide of C5 on left side
2) PA glide of C4 on right side
what occurs during UNCOMPENSATED forefoot valgus and forefoot varus?
(1) forefoot valgus: no rearfoot (heel) deviation and a PRONATED forefoot
(2) forefoot varus: no rearfoot deviation and a SUPINATED forefoot
what occurs during COMPENSATED forefoot valgus and forefoot varus?
(1) forefoot valgus: a VARUS rearfoot to correct forefoot position
(2) forefoot varus: a VALGUS rearfoot to correct forefoot position
how is scoliosis named (concave or convex side of deformation)?
after the CONVEX side
which way do the vertebral bodies and spinous processes rotate with scoliosis?
(1) vertebral bodies rotate to the CONVEX side
(2) spinous processes and pedicles rotate towards the CONCAVE side
what happens on the convex side of the body with scoliosis?
Convex side (1) shoulder shrug (elevated) (2) scapula retracted (3) head tilted towards this side Concave Side (1) hip hike (2) arm is higher and elevated
