MSK Anatomy

Question 1

What are the 7 functions of bone?

Answer 1

• Provide support
• Movement
• Provide protection
• Blood formation (via red bone marrow inside bone cavities)
• Electrolyte Balance
• Acid-Base balance
• Storage of energy (fat in yellow bone marrow)

Question 2

True or False?

The marrow cavity hold the red/ yellow bone marrow, has periosteum lining.

Answer 2

False.
The marrow cavity hold the red/ yellow bone marrow, has endosteum lining.

Question 3

True or False?

The periosteum is a layer of fibrous outer and osteogenic underneath layer that surrounds the entire bone (including the diaphysis, metaphysis and epiphysis).

Answer 3

False.
The periosteum does not surround the articular cartilage.

Question 4

True or False?

Red bone marrow is located in flat, irregular bones and ends of adult femur, humerus and is hematopoietic.

Answer 4

True.

Femur, humerus bones -> long bones

Question 5

True or False?

Under the stressful circumstances, the red bone marrow is able to redifferentiate into yellow bone marrow

Answer 5

False.
Yellow bone marrow is able to redifferentiate into red bone marrow under stress

Question 6

Function

What are the functions of osteocytes, osteoclasts and osteoblasts?

Answer 6

OsteoCYtes are trapped in lacunae within the bone matrix, and involved in bone maintenance, remodelling and mechanosensing.
OsteoClasts are for bone resorption and remodelling. They dissolve bone matrices and are related to white blood cells.
OsteoBlasts are for generating new bone matrices and osteocytes.

Question 7

True or False?

Osteoclasts are for bone reabsorption and remodelling. They dissolve bone matrices and are related to white blood cells.

Answer 7

False.
Osteoclasts are for bone resorption and remodelling. They dissolve bone matrices and are related to white blood cells.

Question 8

Fill in the blank.

Osteoporosis occurs when bone has too much osteo________ activity and/or too little osteo________ activity.

Answer 8

Osteoclasts. Osteoblasts

Question 9

What is a structural unit of the compact bone?

Answer 9

Osteon.

Question 10

Spongy/ cancellous bone resembles a sponge because of ________ between ________ beams/ plates of bone. The cavities contain ________

Answer 10

Spongy/ cancellous bone resembles a sponge because of marrow cavities between trabeculae beams/ plates of bone, which contain red bone marrow

Question 11

Name the 6 different bones on the skull

Slide 5 of Mr Liang Feng Yi

Answer 11

• Parietal bone
• Temporal bone
• Frontal bone
• Occipital bone
• Maxilla
• Mandible

Question 12

Name what type of bones these are:
* Cranium
* Mandible
* Clavicle
* Scapula
* Sternum
* Humerus
* Rib
* Vertebrae
* Ulna
* Radius
* Hip bone
* Femur
* Patella
* Tibia
* Fibula

Slide 5 of Mr Liang Feng Yi

Answer 12

Flat bones: cranium, scapula, sternum, rib, hip bone
Long bones: clavicle, humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula
Irregular bones: mandible, vertebrae
Sesamoid bone: Patella

Question 13

Fill in the blanks

Chondrocytes secrete ________. They are almost always covered by ____________. There are no blood vessels or nerve except in ________

Answer 13

Chondrocytes secrete cartilage matrix. They are almost always covered by perichondrium. There are no blood vessels or nerve except in perichondrium

Question 14

What are the 3 types of cartilages in the human body

Answer 14

Hyaline cartilages, elastic cartilages, fibrocartilages

Question 15

A bundle of myofilaments is called ____(1)____.
A bundle of ____(1)____ is called ____(2)____.
A bundle of ____(2)____ is called ____(3)____.
A bundle of ____(3)____ is called ____(4)____.

Answer 15

1. Myofibrils
2. Fibers
3. Fascicles
4. Muscle

Question 16

List out the various muscles from the different body parts
Face and neck
Arms and shoulder
Chest
Abdominal area
Butt
Thighs and calves

Slide 13 of Mr Liang Feng Yi

Answer 16

Face and neck: buccinator, masseter, sternocleidomastoid
Arms and shoulder: triceps brachii, biceps brachii, deltoid
Chest: pectoralis major
Abdominal area: rectus abdominis
Butt: gluteus maximus
Thighs and calves: adductor longus, biceps femoris, quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius

Question 17

What are the 5 functions of skeletal muscles?

Answer 17

• Produce movements (obvious movements such as walking, pinching, respiration / subtle movements such as facial expression)
• Maintain posture, position, and stability
• Support and protect (abdominal wall protect internal organs, pelvic diaphragm support pelvic organs)
• Guard entraces/ exits via sphincters (enable voluntary control of swallowing, micturition/ urination, defecation, parturition)
• Maintain body temperature (chemical energy converted to heat during muscle contraction and shivering)

Question 18

What are the 2 muscles frequently used for IM injection?

Answer 18

Deltoid, gluteus maximus

Question 19

List the 4 major types of synovial joints, as well as examples of places where it can be found in the body

Answer 19

1. Ball and socket joint, e.g. shoulder and hip joints
2. Hinge joint, e.g. elbow and knee joints
3. Pivot joint, e.g. radioulnar joint
4. Planar joint, e.g intercarpal joint

Question 20

From IC

Which of the following muscles contracts to produce knee extension?
A. Quadriceps femoris
B. Gastrocnemius
C. Sartorius
D. Biceps femoris

Answer 20

Answer: A

B: calf of leg
C: thigh