MSK Anatomy

Question 1

What artery becomes the femoral artery after passing under the inguinal ligament?

Answer 1

External iliac artery

Question 2

What is the joint between the radius and carpal bones called?

Answer 2

Radiocarpal joint​​

Question 3

What are the two main functions of the medial and lateral menisci in the knee?

Answer 3

To deepen the tibiofemoral joint and to reduce stress peaks​​

Question 4

Which nerve runs through the coracobrachialis muscle and can lead to weakness of elbow flexion when compressed?

Answer 4

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 5

The ulnar artery passes through which space at the wrist?

Answer 5

Ulnar canal/Guyon’s canal

Question 6

What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

Answer 6

Lateral border: medial border of the brachioradialis muscle;
Medial border: lateral border of the pronator teres muscle;
Superior border: imaginary line between the epicondyles of the humerus;
Roof: bicipital aponeurosis, fascia, skin;
Floor: brachialis and supinator muscles

Question 7

Which ligament runs from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the posteromedial side of the lateral femoral condyle?

Answer 7

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)​​

Question 8

What structures pass through the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 8

Tendons of tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve

Question 9

What is the action of pectoralis major when all heads activate together?

Answer 9

Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus

Question 10

Name the four muscles of the rotator cuff.

Answer 10

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis

Question 11

What structures form the quadrangular space?

Answer 11

Superior: Teres minor;
Inferior: Teres major;
Medial: Long head of triceps brachii;
Lateral: Surgical neck of the humerus

Question 12

What is the clinical significance of the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 12

The scaphoid, which lies at the base, is the most commonly fractured carpal bone

Question 13

Which nerve passes anterior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to enter the cubital fossa?

Answer 13

Radial nerve

Question 14

What vein is typically used for venipuncture in the upper limb?

Answer 14

Median cubital vein

Question 15

What ligament runs from the radial styloid process to the scaphoid and trapezium?

Answer 15

Radial collateral ligament​​

Question 16

What type of joint is the knee joint and why?

Answer 16

Hinge joint, due to its primary movement in flexion and extension

Question 17

What structure lies within the carpal tunnel and is often compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 17

Median nerve

Question 18

What is the main function of the retinacula in the wrist?

Answer 18

To hold the tendons of the flexor and extensor muscles in place​​

Question 19

Which nerve can be damaged in a fracture to the shaft of the humerus?

Answer 19

Radial nerve​​

Question 20

What is the role of the tibialis posterior muscle in addition to plantar flexion?

Answer 20

Inversion of the foot

Question 21

What structure forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?

Answer 21

Flexor retinaculum

Question 22

What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

Answer 22

Condyloid joint

Question 23

Where does the tendon of the plantaris muscle join?

Answer 23

Calcaneal tendon

Question 24

Which artery can be palpated in the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 24

Radial artery

Question 25

What is the clinical test for collateral circulation in the hand?

Answer 25

Modified Allen’s test

Question 26

Which nerve runs through the quadrangular space?

Answer 26

Axillary nerve

Question 27

What are the attachments of the gastrocnemius muscle?

Answer 27

Proximal: lateral and medial condyles of femur; Action: plantar flexes foot, flexes knee

Question 28

What artery supplies blood to the deep structures of the hand?

Answer 28

Deep palmar arch​​

Question 29

What nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 29

Femoral nerve

Question 30

Which ligament in the wrist acts to limit excessive radial deviation?

Answer 30

Ulnar collateral ligament​​

Question 31

What is the common origin of the hamstring muscles?

Answer 31

Ischial tuberosity

Question 32

What type of joint is the hip joint and why?

Answer 32

Ball and socket joint, allowing for a wide range of movement

Question 33

What structures form the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 33

Ulnar border: tendon of extensor pollicis longus; Radial border: tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis; Floor: scaphoid and trapezium bones

Question 34

What is the function of the brachioradialis muscle?

Answer 34

Flexion of the forearm at the elbow

Question 35

What is the most common site of femoral artery palpation?

Answer 35

Mid-inguinal point, halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis

Question 36

Which nerve innervates the deltoid muscle?

Answer 36

Axillary nerve

Question 37

What type of fracture is most common in the distal radius?

Answer 37

Colles' fracture​​

Question 38

Which structures are at risk in an anteroinferior dislocation of the shoulder?

Answer 38

Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery​​

Question 39

What is the action of the supraspinatus muscle?

Answer 39

Initiates abduction of the arm (0-15 degrees)

Question 40

Which ligament is commonly injured along with the ACL in knee injuries?

Answer 40

Medial collateral ligament (MCL)​​

Question 41

What artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 41

Posterior tibial artery

Question 42

What is the role of the quadriceps tendon?

Answer 42

Connects the quadriceps muscles to the patella, aiding in knee extension​​

Question 43

What muscle is the primary extensor of the forearm?

Answer 43

Triceps brachii

Question 44

What nerve is affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 44

Median nerve

Question 45

Which artery runs with the deep fibular nerve in the leg?

Answer 45

Anterior tibial artery

Question 46

What is the main function of the deltoid muscle?

Answer 46

Abduction of the arm (15-90 degrees)

Question 47

What structures form the femoral triangle?

Answer 47

Borders: Inguinal ligament (superior), sartorius (lateral), adductor longus (medial); Contents: Femoral nerve, artery, and vein

Question 48

What is the anatomical landmark for the brachial artery pulse?

Answer 48

Medial to the biceps brachii tendon at the elbow

Question 49

Which ligament runs from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral side of the head of the fibula?

Answer 49

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL)​​

Question 50

What is the function of the popliteus muscle?

Answer 50

Unlocks the knee by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia during initial phase of flexion

Question 51

Which artery is commonly used for coronary artery bypass grafts?

Answer 51

Great saphenous vein

Question 52

What is the common clinical test for an ACL tear?

Answer 52

Lachman test​​

Question 53

What are the borders of the carpal tunnel?

Answer 53

Roof: flexor retinaculum; Floor: carpal bones

Question 54

What is the role of the anterior tibial artery?

Answer 54

Supplies blood to the anterior compartment of the leg

Question 55

Which nerve runs between the two heads of the pronator teres muscle?

Answer 55

Median nerve