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Anatomy (GI and MSK) > MSK anatomy > Flashcards

MSK anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

where might you find Gerdy’s tubercle and what attaches to it?

A

it is a boney projection on the lateral condyle of the Tibia

it provides the attachment point for the iliotibial (IT) band

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2
Q

where does the round ligament of the head of the femur attach and what it its function

A

attaches at the fovea on the head of the femur

transmits arteries to the head of the femur

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3
Q

what is the function of the menisci in the knees

A

to absorb shocks

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4
Q

which meniscus, the medial or lateral, is more likely to be torn/damaged and why?

A

the medial because it is fixed (attached to the tibial collateral ligament and joint capsule)

the lateral meniscus is not fixed and thus can better absorb shocks and stress

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5
Q

where do you find the tensor fascia lata muscle and what does it do

A

lies on the upper lateral side of the thigh

medial rotator of the hip and is supplied by the superior gluteal nerve

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6
Q

what nerve roots make up the sciatic nerve

A 
L4
L5
S1
S2
S3
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7
Q

what nerve roots make up the superior gluteal nerve

A

L4-S1

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8
Q

what nerve roots make up the inferior gluteal nerve

A

L5-S2

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9
Q

where is the sacral plexus located and what nerve roots make it up

A

located in the lesser pelvis in front of the sacrum

formed by the ventral rami of L4-S3 plus some of S4

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10
Q

what nerve supplies the tensor fascia lata

A

the superior gluteal nerve

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11
Q

describe the pathway of the superior gluteal nerve

A

passes through the GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN to enter the gluteal region, and passes ABOVE the piriformis (along with superior gluteal artery)

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12
Q

describe the pathway of the inferior gluteal artery

A

passes through the GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN to enter the gluteal region, and passes BELOW the piriformis (along with the inferior gluteal artery)

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13
Q

the superior and inferior gluteal arteries are branches of which larger artery?

A

the internal iliac artery

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14
Q

what is the arterial supply for the posterior thigh

A

supplied mainly by the perforating branches of the deep femoral artery

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15
Q

what nerve roots make up the lumbar plexus

what are the branches of this plexus we need to know

A

formed by the central rami of L1-L4

branches are the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh and the femoral nerve

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16
Q

what nerve roots make up the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

what does this nerve supply

A

L2 and L3

supplies the skin on the anterolateral side of the thigh

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17
Q

what nerve roots make up the femoral nerve

what does this nerve supply

A

L2, L3, L4

supplies all anterior thigh muscles as well as the skin of the anterior and medial thigh

the longest sensory branch of the femoral nerve is the saphenous nerve that supplies the skin on the medial side of the leg and foot

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18
Q

what nerve roots make up the obturator nerve

A

L2, 3, 4

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19
Q

what is the spacial relationship of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, the femoral nerve, and the obturator nerve to one another

A

L. cut. nerve of thigh runs close to the iliac crest, then the thick femoral nerve lies more medial running posterior to the inguinal ligament, then the obturator nerve is most medial and passes through the obturator canal (remember femoral is in the middle of these two)

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20
Q

what is the chief nerve of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

the obturator nerve

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21
Q

what muscles are supplied by the obturator nerve

A

the hip joint adductor muscles and the hip and knee joints

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22
Q

describe the pathway of the great saphenous vein and what vein it opens into

A

runs upwards, anterior to the medial malleolus, along the medial side of the leg and the knee

in the upper part of the thigh it opens into the femoral vein

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23
Q

describe the pathway of the small saphenous vein and what vein it opens into

A

runs upwards, posterior to the lateral malleolus and in the posterior leg it drains into the popliteal vein

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24
Q

what is the adductor hiatus

A

an opening in the aponeurosis of the adductor magnus muscle leading from the anterior compartment of the thigh into the popliteal fossa

it transmits the femoral vessels

(located at the distal end of the adductor magnus close to the knee joint and medial)

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25
what is the femoral triangle
a triangular depression on the front of the upper part of the thigh immediately below the inguinal ligament it is bounded by the thigh muscles and the inguinal ligament contents of the triangle (from medial --> lateral): femoral vein (medial) femoral artery femoral nerve (later) "VAN"
26
what larger artery becomes the femoral artery
the external iliac artery
27
where does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery
after it passes through the adductor hiatus, in the popliteal fossa
28
what is the main artery of the head of the femur
medial circumflex femoral artery (branch of the deep artery of the thigh which comes off the femoral artery)
29
what artery passes through the round ligament of the head of the femur to supply it
obturator artery
30
what nerve root supplies the following dermatomes areas? 1. medial thigh and knee 2. anterior knee 3. medial border of foot 4. dorsum of foot 5. lateral border of foot
1. L3 2. L4 3. L4 4. L5 5. S1
31
list the hip flexor muscles
iliopsoas
32
list the hip adductor muscles
adductor brevis adductor longus adductor magnus gracilis
33
list the hip abductor muscles
gluteus medius gluteus minimus tensor fascia lata
34
list the hip extension muscles
gluteus maximus
35
list the hip lateral rotator muscles
piriformis (which is a deep gluteal muscle) | other deep gluteal muscles as a group
36
list the knee extensor muscles
quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastuc intermedius, vastus lateralis) gluteus maximus tensor fascia lata (via IT band)
37
list the knee flexor muscles
hamstring muscles (semimembranosus, semiteninosus, biceps femoris)
38
what are the 3 parts of the foot
tarsus, metatarsus, phalanges
39
how many bones make up the tarsus part of the foot name them
7 proximal group: talus (above), calcaneus (below) intermediate group: navicular distal group: cuboid and 3 cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)
40
what is the wrist equivalent of dorsiflexion? what is the wrist equivalent of plantarflexion?
dorsiflexion in ankle = same as extension of wrist plantarflexion in ankle = same as flexion of the wrist
41
what joint performs the inversion and eversion movements of the foot
subtalar/talocalcaneal joint (between talus and calcaneus)
42
what forms the retinacula around the ankle
thickening of the deep fascia of the leg around the ankle forms the retinacula
43
what are the two types of retinacula around the ankle
extensor retinacula and fibular retinacula
44
where are the extensor retinacula
anterior to the ankle joint
45
where are the fibular retinacula
posterior to the lateral malleolus
46
what are the functions of the retinacula
to retain the tendon of muscles in place (same function as in the wrist)
47
what is the only muscle on the dorsum of the foot
extensor digitorum brevis (medial most part is called the extensor hallucis longus)
48
what is the function of fibularis tertius
eversion of foot and dorsiflexion of ankle
49
what is the function of tibialis anterior
inversion of foot and dorsiflexion of ankle
50
what nerve roots make up the common fibular nerve
L4, L5, S1, S2
51
what are the two main branches of the popliteal artery
anterior and posterior tibial artery
52
what are the branches of the popliteal artery called in the knee?
genicular arteries--supply the knee joint and form arterial anastamoses around the knee joint
53
what nerve roots make up the sural nerve
L5, S1, S2
54
the sural nerve is a branch of which larger nerve
tibial nerve
55
where does the sural nerve go
all the way to the lateral portion of the foot
56
how can you remember the order of the tendons in the medial ankle behind the medial malleolus
Tom, Dick And a Very Nervous Harry (from anterior to posterior) 1. tendon of Tibialis posteriod 2. tendon of flexor Digitorum longus 3. posterior tibial Artery (pulse of this artery felt midway between heel and medial malleolus) 4. vein 5. tibial Nerve 6. tendon of flexor Hallucis longus
57
what are the functions of the plantar aponeurosis
1. fixes the skin at the sole of the foot 2. protects the deep structures 3. helps in maintaining the longitudinal arches of the foot (supports the arch)
58
what serve roots make up the tibial nerve
L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
59
where is the posterior tibial artery located
between the superficial and deep muscle groups of the posterior leg (underneath soleus)
60
the fibular artery is a branch of which artery?
posterior tibial artery
61
what does the capitulum (on the humerus) articulate with
head of the radius (laterally)
62
what does the trochlea (on the humerus) articulate with
trochlear notch of the ulna (medially)
63
why is the medial epicondyle important on the humerus
attachment of common flexor tendon
64
why is the lateral epicondyle important on the humerus
attachment of the common extensor tendon
65
what does brachioradialis do? what is it innervated by?
innervated by radial nerve does flexion of the forearm
66
what causes medial epicondylitis
forceful and repeated bending of the wrist and fingers may cause tiny ruptures of the common FLEXOR origin (i.e in golfing) symptoms are tenderness, pain at medial epicondyle made worst by flexing the wrist
67
what causes lateral epicondylitis
common EXTENSOR origin become painful and tender due to strain or direct impact tenderness and pain on outer part of lateral epicondyle
68
does the ulnar nerve pass thru the carpal tunnel?
no the median nerve does but the ulnar nerve doesn't... runs medial along the forearm and enters the hand but does not pass thru the carpal tunnel
69
which two muscles of the forearm are innervated by the ulnar nerve
flexor carpi ulnaris and 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus
70
what happens if your radial nerve becomes paralyzed
wrist drop.... no extension of wrist is possible
71
where do you test the sensory of the radial nerve
touch at the first interdigital space on the hand
72
what two branches form from the brachial artery
ulnar and radial arteries
73
what areas of the forearm does the ulnar artery supply
anterior and posterior compartments, along with the radial, as well as forming palmar arterial branches in the palm (runs medial)
74
what areas of the forearm does the radial artery supply
mostly supplies the lateral side of the forearm passes thru ANATOMICAL SNUFF BOX and then passes into hand to take part in deep palmar arch
75
what goes through the carpal tunnel
nine tendons: - flexor digitorum superficialis (4 tendons to the fingers) - flexor digitorum profundus (4 tendons to the fingers) - flexor pollicis longus (1 to the thumb) plus the MEDIAN nerve
76
state the nerve root for: femoral nerve
L2, L3, L4
77
state the nerve root for: obturator nerve
L2, L3, L4
78
state the nerve root for: sciatic nerve
L4-S3
79
state the nerve root for: pudendal nerve
S2, S3, S4
80
state the nerve root for: superior gluteal nerve
L4-S1
81
state the nerve root for: inferior gluteal nerve
L5-S2
82
what does pectineus do?
hip flexion
83
what test tests for achilles tendon rupture (name)
Thompson's test
84
which nerve roots do ankle inversion
L4, L5
85
which nerve roots do ankle eversion
L5, S1
86
what nerve roots do knee extension
L3, L4
87
what nerve innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
suprascapular nerve
88
what nerve innervates teres minor
axillary nerve
89
what nerve innervates subscapularis
upper and lower subscapularis
90
which nerve root is responsible for the following reflex: triceps reflex
C7
91
which nerve root is responsible for the following reflex: biceps reflex
C5
92
which nerve root is responsible for the following reflex: knee jerk
L4
93
which nerve root is responsible for the following reflex: brachioradialis
C6
94
which nerve root is responsible for the following reflex: ankle jerk
S1
95
what does the triangular space contain (shoulder)
circumflex scapular vessels
96
what does the quadrangular space contain (shoulder)
axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral vessels
97
is the acromion process on the posterior or anterior part of the scapula?
acromion process comes off the scapular spine (posterior) the coracoid process comes off on the anterior of the scapula
98
what test tests for de quervains tenosynovitis?
Finkelstein's test... make fist with thumb inside and then tilt wrist towards ground
99
what nerve roots do elbow flexion
C5, C6
100
what nerve roots do wrist flexion
C6, C7
101
what nerve root does abduction of the little finger
T1
102
what is golf elbow
medial epicondylitis--> common flexor origin
103
what does Schobers test test for
ankylosing spondylitis
104
what does spurlings test test for
cervical nerve root compression
105
what does hawkins sign test for
shoulder impingement
106
what does Neer's sign test for
shoulder impingement (moving arm passively through forward flexion)
107
what does the sulcus sign test for
shoulder instability
108
which epicondyle is involved in golf elbow
medial--common flexor tendon
109
which epicondyle is involved in tennis elbow
lateral--common extension tendon
110
what does the thomas test test for
hip flexion contracture
111
what does the femoral stretch test test
stretches the femoral neurovascular bundle in the femoral triangle
112
what does the thompson test test for
achilles rupture
113
what does phalen's test test for
carpal tunnel--push backs of hands together
114
what does finkelsteins test test for
de quervain's tenosynovitis --abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
115
what does allen's test test for
perfusion of the hands
116
what might you suspect in a patient with low back pain and loss of bladder/bowel control
spinal cord injury emergency
117
what does the tripod test test for
sciatic nerve irritation --lean back on hands when raise leg due to leg pain
118
list mimickers of back pain not to be missed
abdominal aneurysm | kidney stones
119
what are the symptoms of horners
myosis ptosis anhydrosis
120
where do you test the following myotomes 1. C5 2. C6 3. C7 4. C8 5. T1
1. C5--deltoid 2. C6--wrist extensors (or biceps) 3. C7--triceps 4. C8--deep finger flexors 5. T1--finger abductors
121
where do you test the following myotomes 1. L2/3 2. L3/4 3. L4 4. L5 5. S1/2
1. L2/3--hip flexors 2. L3/4--knee extension 3. L4--tibialis anterior 4. L5--extensor hallucis longus 5. S1/2--gastroc/soleus
122
what does the swinging light test test
looks for a relative afferent pupillary defect
123
what spinal nerve segment/peripheral nerve does the following reflect test achilles
S1 tibial
124
what spinal nerve segment/peripheral nerve does the following reflect test babinski
(toe extensor) L4, L5, S1, S2 tibial
125
what spinal nerve segment/peripheral nerve does the following reflect test biceps
C5 musculocutaneous
126
what spinal nerve segment/peripheral nerve does the following reflect test brachioradialis
C6 radial
127
what spinal nerve segment/peripheral nerve does the following reflect test triceps
C7 radial
128
what spinal nerve segment/peripheral nerve does the following reflect test patellar
quadriceps femoris--L4 femoral
129
what are the 9 geriatric giants
1. vision and hearing 2. malnutrition 3. falls and mobility 4. urinary incontinence 5. bowel function 6. depression 7. chronic pain 8. memory loss 9. iatrogenesis (meds)
130
what doe rombergs sign test
cerebellar function stand and close your eyes
131
what is abnormal in psychosis
thought content

Anatomy (GI and MSK) (2 decks)

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