MSK - Block 12

Question 1

Which ligament separates the posterior cruciate ligament from the popliteal artery?

Answer 1

Oblique popliteal ligament

Question 2

Largest synovial joint

Answer 2

Knee

Question 3

Superior border of the antecubital fossa

Answer 3

line between medial and lateral epicondyles

Question 4

When are all the knee ligaments taut and the knee locked

Answer 4

when the knee is fully extended

Question 5

Muscles in anterior lower leg compartment

Answer 5

• Tibialis anterior
• Extensor digitorum longus
• Extensor hallucis longus
• Fibularis tertius

Question 6

Neurovascular supply to anterior lower leg compartment:

Answer 6

• Anterior tibial artery

- Deep fibular nerve

Question 7

Actions of muscles in anterior lower leg compartment

Answer 7

• Dorsiflexion
• Extension of the toes (extensors only)
• Inversion (tibialis anterior only)
• Eversion (fibularis tertius only)

Question 8

Muscle in anterior lower leg compartment not present in all individuals:

Answer 8

Fibularis tertius

Question 9

Where do the 2 heads of the gastrocneimus originate from

Answer 9

• Medial condyle and Lateral condyles of femur

Question 10

Posterior lower leg muscle absent in 10% of people

Answer 10

• Plantaris

Question 11

Which 2 muscles converge to form the calcaneal tendon

Answer 11

• Gastocnemius

- Soleus

Question 12

Main action of muscles in the posterior lower leg

Answer 12

• Plantarflexion of the foot
• Flexion of toes
• Inversion of foot

Question 13

Superficial and deep muscles of the posterior lower leg

Answer 13

SUPERFICIAL

• Gastrocnemius
• Plantaris
• Soleus

DEEP

• Popliteus
• Tibialis posterior
• Flexor digitorum longus
• Flexor hallucis longus

Question 14

Which 2 muscles are found in the lateral compartment?

Answer 14

• Fibularis longus (tendon sits more inferior in lateral foot as courses underneath foot)
• Fibularis brevis

Question 15

Describe the anatomical position of the fibularis brevis in relation to the fibularis longus

Answer 15

• Fibularis brevis lies DEEP to the fibularis longus

Question 16

Why can the gastrocneimus flex the knee + plantarflex the foot?

Answer 16

Because it crosses the knee joint

Question 17

In which direction does the femur move (relative to the tibia) to unlock the knee?

Answer 17

Lateral rotation

Question 18

The three bones that compose the hip (coxal) bone are all fused to one another at which of the following points?

Answer 18

Acetabulum

Question 19

which of the following hip ligaments limits hyperextension and is the strongest ligament?

Answer 19

Iliofemoral

Question 20

Where does the patellar ligament attach?

Answer 20

Tibial tuberosity

Question 21

What is the most powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip?

Answer 21

Iliopsoas

Question 22

Which muscle helps to “unlock” the knee to initiate flexion?

Answer 22

Popliteus

Question 23

Nerve that provides sensation to the lateral + posterior aspects of the thigh

Answer 23

lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Question 24

Collectively form the coracoclavicular ligaments and insert on the posterior surface of the clavicle

Answer 24

TRAPEZOID ligament
and
CONOID ligament

Question 25

Function of the menisci in the knee:

Answer 25

- increase congruence - decrease loading stress - increase stability - increase weight distribution

Question 26

Briefly explain the knee locking mechanism

Answer 26

Screw-home locking mechanism: | femur rotates medially on the tibia around the axis of the ACL tightens knee joint + reduces muscle work when standing

Question 27

Contents of the popliteal fossa

Answer 27

Popliteal artery + vein Tibial + common fibular nerve(follows course of biceps femoris) Sml saphenous vein