1. AD 2. Activating mut of FGFR 3. def in chondrocytes 4. endochonral problem (long bones)

1. mut of CA II 2. bone is thick and dense (rock bone) 3. decrease Ca increase ALP 4. vision and hearing impaired, hydrocephalus, pancytopenia 5. "erlenmeyer flask bones"

1. loss of trabecular bone mass 2. genetic determine peak bone mass (vit d receptor) 3. NORMAL LABS #1 rf: smoking

1. isolated increase in ALP 2. lamellar bone in mosaique pattern and prominent cement lines cx: osteosarcoma

Metaphysis in kids 1. s. aureus (most common) 2. salmonella (Sickle cell) 3. Psuedomonas (IV drugs, diabetics) 4. TB (lumbar vertebrae)

MSK, DERM, Reproductive Flashcards by Karlie Gandee

Achondroplasia

AD
Activating mut of FGFR
def in chondrocytes
endochonral problem (long bones)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Defect in precollagen type 1

blue sclera, hearing loss, broken bones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Osteopetrosis

mut of CA II
bone is thick and dense (rock bone)
decrease Ca increase ALP
vision and hearing impaired, hydrocephalus, pancytopenia
“erlenmeyer flask bones”

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vit D def

Children: rickets
Adults: osteomalacia

defective mineralization of osteiod

“pigeon breast, frontal bossing, costochondral junction beads”

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Osteoperosis

1 rf: smoking

loss of trabecular bone mass
genetic determine peak bone mass (vit d receptor)
NORMAL LABS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pagest

isolated increase in ALP
lamellar bone in mosaique pattern and prominent cement lines

cx: osteosarcoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Osteoclast differentiation

RANk L

CSF

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Osteomyelitis

Metaphysis in kids

s. aureus (most common)
salmonella (Sickle cell)
Psuedomonas (IV drugs, diabetics)
TB (lumbar vertebrae)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Osteoid osteoma

young patient

bone pain relieved by aspirin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Osteosarcoma

Teenage
male
bone pain

Rb gene

“sun burst appearance”

Metaphysis of distal femur and proximal tibia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ewing sarcoma

Diaphysis of kids
Onion skin
neuroectoderm
small blue round cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Osteoarthritis

Herderden nodules

stiffness worse throughout the day

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

1. HLA DR4
2 Pannus destroys cartilage
3. ankylosing of joint
4 morning stiffness improves with use
5. symmetric
6. spares DIP 
7. RF: Igm to Fc of IgG 
Ab to cirullinated protein

tx: prednisone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Reactive arthritis

SI joint and lumbar spine

HLA-B27 (ankylosing spondylarthritis)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Reiter syndrome

“Cant see, cant pee, cant climb a tree”

conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis

STI (chlamydia)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Acute gout

needle shaped
neg bifringence
yellow under parallel light

1st line: NSAIDs
2nd line: colchicine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Psuedogout

calcium pyrophosphate

rhomboid shape
weak pos bifirengence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dermatomyositis

B/l proximal muscle weakness (climbing stairs)

rash under eyes (heliotrope)

Grotten lesions (red papules on elbows, knees, knuckles)

Increased CK, LDH, aldolase

Postiive ANA and anti-jo ab

Permysial inflammation
perifascicular atrophy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

polymyositis

endomyseal inflamm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

x-linked MD

del of dystrophins
Fatty replacement
Increased CK

cardiomyopathy common complication

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Myasthenia gravis

Ab to Ach receptor at NMF
Muscle weakness that worsens through day

Ptosis, diplopia

tx: AcH Esterase inhibitor (pyridostigmine)

Thymic hyperplasia or thymoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lambert eaton

Ab to presynaptic Ca channel at NMF

SCC of lung

Impotence, ptosis, diplopia
decreased DTR

Weakness improves with use

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cardiac rhabdomyoma

Tuberous sclerosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rhabdomyosarcoma

children
desmin +
Vagina of young females

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fibromyalgia

muscle pain, stiffness symmetric tender spots

Peroneal nerve damage (PED)

Loss of sensation to dorsum of foot Peroneal Everts Dorsiflex

TIP Tibial nerve

Tibial inverts plantar flex

Psoriasis

1. extensor surfaces 2. dry, silver scales, pitting nails 3. hyperplasia of keratinocyts 4. decreased granulosum increased corneum

Pemphigus vulgaris

1. Ab to desmosomes (desmoglein) 2. Fishnet appearance on IF 3. Pos niolsky sign (acantholysis of spinosum) 4. oral mucosa involved

Bullous pemphigoid

1. Ab to hemidesmosomes 2. subepidermal blister (includes basal cells) 3. linear IF

Dermatitis herpetiformis

AI IgA-C3 at dermal papillae Associated with celiac

Underlying GI cancer

1 seborrheic keratosis | 2. acanthosis nigricans

Actinic keratosis

Blue/grey elastic fibers in dermis sand paper texture Precursor to SCC

Vitiligo

AI destruction of melanocytes

Staph scalded skin syndrome

exfoliative toxin separation of granulosum layer

Molluscum contagiosum

1. umbilicated papules | 2. pox virus (DNA replicates in cytoplasm)

Bacillus Anthracis

Black eschar and edema Box car shaped gram + Spore: virulence Increased cAMP

Toe nail fungus

Trichophyrum rubrum tx: terbinafine

Terbinafine

inhibits squaline epoxide

Xanthoma

lipid laiden macrophages with multi-nucleated giant cells

BCC

Upper lip waxy looking depressed center

SCC

lower lip

Erythema multiforme

targe lesion HSV

HSV

double stranded enveloped, icosahedral

MOA of tetracycline

impaired initiation at A site

Marfan disease

Affects elastin and microfibrils fibrillin defect

Peutz Jeghers

1. melanin pigmentation of lips, hands, butt, oral mucosa | 2. hamartoma on colon

Melanoma

flat, brown lesions with irregular borders

Strawberry hemangiom

Child with red lesion on face no treatment necessary

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

1. Xy genotype with female phenotype 2. vagina ends in blind pouch 3. no pubic hair or menses

Bicornuate uterus

failure of paramesonephric ducts to fuse

Hypospadias

urogenital folds do no fuse Urethra on ventral side cx: uti

Primary amenorrhea

1. turner 2. Androgen insensitivity 3. imperforate hymen 4. mullerian duct agenesis

Secondary amenorrhea

1. POCS 2. anorexia 3. stress 4. pregnancy

PCOS

LH:FSH > 2

Cri du chat

Deletion 5p cat like cry

Kleinfelter

47 XXy gynecomastia, hylainzation of seminiferous tubules increased FSH

Prader wili

Chr 15, no paternal copy hyperphagia, hypogonadism

Angelman

chr 15, no maternal copy Inappropriate laughter ataxia

Candida

budding cells with short hyphae

Bacterial vaginosis

Fish odor with KOH prep

HPV on pap smear

koilocytes with perinuclear clearing

CMV on pap

intranuclear inclusions with halos (owl eye)

HSV on pap

Intranuclear inclusions with multinucleated gial cells

Exposure to DES

clear cell adenocarcinoma

Elderly breast lesion

> 50 yrs, expect carcinoma

Trastuzumab

Tx: Her2 pos lesion

Endometriosis

B/l mass found in pouch of douglas

Cremasteric reflex

L1-L2

Vericoele

Left side commonly from RCC

Hydrocele

fluid in tunica vaginalis Transillumination incomplete closure of vaginalis

Seminoma

Tumor in 15-40 year olds

Choriocarcinoma

synctiotrophoblasts secrete Beta-hcg

Bartholin gland abscess

tender mass in inferior labium

Cramping during menstrual cycle

due to prostaglandinds

Preg women who use cocaine

risk of abruption placentae

Pudendal block

ischial spine

Testicular tumor with crystals

Leydig cell increased testosterone

Beta 2 on uterus

relaxation

alpha 1 uterus

contraction

Leiomyoma

benign round mass in submucosa of uterus

Mullerian inhibitor factor defect

man with uterus

When pregnant, what prevents menses

progesterone

Signet ring cells ovaria tumor

Stomach cancer

Testicle lymph drains into

para aortic node

MSK, DERM, Reproductive Flashcards

(85 cards)