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T2 MSK > MSK General > Flashcards

MSK General Flashcards

1
Q

What does LTR stand for?

A

Local Twitch Response

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2
Q

What does Ptosis mean?

A

drooping eyelid

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3
Q

What’s coryza?

A

runny nose

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4
Q

What’s tinnitius?

A

ringing in the ears

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5
Q

If a patient reports calf pain, it’s a good idea to do what before tx?

A

homan’s sign

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6
Q

What’s normal ASIS-PSIS tilt angle?

A

7-15 degrees

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7
Q

What’s normal ASIS-pubic bone alignment?

A

aligned vertically

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8
Q

What’s normal “pelvic angle” (pubic symphysis-PSIS)?

A

30 degrees

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9
Q

What’s normal angle of spine of scapula?

A

15 degrees inclination (more superior laterally)

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10
Q

how does postural tone differ from resting tone?

A

postural tone requires constant activation whereas resting tone is only resistance of tension and responsiveness to passive elongation or stretch

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11
Q

What’s a definition of contracture?

A

adaptive shortening of a m or other soft tissue structure; this prevents normal extensibility of involved structures (can occur in mm, joint capsule, fascia and skin)

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12
Q

What’s the most severe form of m tightness?

A

tightness weakness

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13
Q

Are mm that have stretch weakness prone to TrPs, fatigue and spasm?

A

yes

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14
Q

When are spasms likely to occur?

A

when mm are fatigued/weak or lack normal felixibility

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15
Q

How does postural fault differ from postural dysfunction?

A

fault: no adaptive changes dysfunction: adaptive shortening and/or m weakness involved

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16
Q

What’s postural pain syndrome?

A

pain from mechanical stresses of poor/prolonged posture

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17
Q

What are the “3 legs of the postural stool”?

A

skeletal and ligs; mm and soft tissue; nervous

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18
Q

When doing ROM testing (to assess potential postural dysfunction/malalignment), what’s normal hip extension range?

A

15 degrees

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19
Q

When doing ROM testing (to assess potential postural dysfunction/malalignment), what’s normal lumbar spine flexion range?

A

S1-T12: 7 to 8 cm of flexion and L spine flattens

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20
Q

Upper crossed syndrome is tight (actually shortened position) ___ ___ and weak (actually lengthened position) ___ ___ which results in anterior scapular tilt

A

tight: upper traps and levator scap; pecs (esp pec minor) weak: neck flexors; lower trapezius and serratus anterior

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21
Q

What TrPs are common with kyphotic posture?

A

-pec major and minor -rhomboids -mid and lower traps -levator scap

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22
Q

What are three main classifications for headaches?

A
  1. vascular
    • Migraine
    • Cluster
  2. inflammatory
    • Tumour
    • Disease of eye, nose throat
    • Sinus HA
  3. musculoskeletal
    • Tension
    • Cervical impairments - “cervicogenic”
    • TMJ dysfunction
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23
Q

The mechanism of migraines is not completely understood, but it is though that it’s cause by what?

A

vasoconstriction followed by rapid vasodilation; there is some evidence that there may be some neurologicaldysfuntion involved

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24
Q

Concerning migraines, what’s “aura” and what’s its prevalence?

A

sensory hallucinations such as lights in eyes/visual disturbances, ringing in ears, tingling in limbs or face; 15% of migraines present with aura

25
Q

What’s a contusion?

A
  • a crushing injury from a direct blow that results in capillary rupture, bleeding, edema, and an inflammatory response (skin is intact; a bruise)
26
Q

What’s a strain?

A
  • trauma to a muscle and/or its tendon from overstretching or violent contraction. There is some degree of disruption to the musculotendinous unit.
  • there is some degree of disruption to the soft tissue and is usually graded as a 1st (mild), 2nd (moderate) or 3rd (severe) degree strain
27
Q

What’s a sprain?

A
  • overstretching, partial tearing, or complete tearing of a ligament (or joint capsule) due to trauma
  • there is some degree of disruption to the soft tissue and is usually graded as a 1st (mild), 2nd (moderate) or 3rd (severe) degree sprain
28
Q

What’s a repetitive strain injury (RSI) aka overuse syndrome?

A

repeated, submaximal overload and/or frictional wear to a m or tendon resulting in inflammation and pain

29
Q

What’s a dislocation?

A

an injury to a joint in which the articulating surfaces are no longer in contact

30
Q

What’s an avulsion?

A

a fracture that occurs as the result of soft tissue the pulling/fracturing the bone

31
Q

What’s a subluxation?

A

incomplete disruption of boney continuity that often involves soft tissue injury

32
Q

What’s hemarthrosis?

A

bleeding into a joint, usually due to a severe trauma

33
Q

What’s joint effusion?

A

swelling in the joint, increased intra articular fluid

34
Q

What’s a ganglion (dealing with MSK, not neuro)?

A

ballooning of the wall of a joint capsule or tendon sheath

35
Q

What’s bursitis?

A

inflammation of a bursa

36
Q

What’s the definition of dysfunction?

A

loss of normal function of a tissue or region. the sdysfunction may be casued by adaptive shortening of the soft tissues (contractures), adhesions, m weakness or any condition resulting in abnormal tissue mobility

37
Q

What’s the definition of joint dysfunction?

A

mechanical loss of normal joint play in synovial joints commonly which commonly cause loss of function and pain

38
Q

What’s the definition of adhesion?

A

abnormal adherence of collagen fibers to surrounding structures during immobilization, after trauma, or as a complication of surgery, which restricts normal elasticity and gliding of the structures involved

39
Q

What’s the definition of contracture?

A

adaptive shortening of skin, fascia, m, or a joint capsule that prevents normal mobility or flexibility of that structure

40
Q

What’s the definition of spasm?

A
  • involuntary contraction of a m (motor unit)
  • can be intrinsic or protective (reflex m guarding)
41
Q

What’s the definition of m weakness?

A
  • a decrease in strength of m contraction
  • can result from direct insult to m, or inactivity
  • can result from impairments of the nervous system
42
Q

What’s the definition of myofascial compartment syndromes?

A

increased intertitial pressure in a closed, nonexpanding, myofascial compartment that compromises the function of the blood vessels, m, and n (can be acute or chronic/exertional)

43
Q

What do the notes indicate for length of stages of acute, sub-acute and chronic stages of tissue repair?

A
  • acute: 4-6 days
  • subacute: 10-17 days
  • chronic:
    • immature collagen can be remodelled with gentle persistent tx (8-10 weeks)
    • after 14 weeks scar tissue is unresponsive to remodelling stresses (may last up to 6 weeks in some tissues with limited circulation – ligaments/tendons) (some things might take 6 months to a year)
      • old scars do not respond well to stretching
      • require adaptive lengthening of surrounding tissues
44
Q

What’s myositis ossificans?

A
  • formation of osseous tissue within m
  • incidence: increases with severity and/or repetitive contusions, and poor treatment
  • common sites of occurence are quads and brachialis
  • when to be suspicious/red flag: with an increase in pain, return of inflammation, increasing hardness of a hematoma
45
Q

Can any part of a contractile unit (tendon/m/attachment to bone) be strained?

A

yes

46
Q

Where is the most common site of a strain?

A

at the musculotendinous junction (MTJ)

47
Q

What’s the healing time of 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree strains?

A
  • 1st: 7-10 days
  • 2nd: 2-8 weeks
  • 3rd: several months
48
Q

How can hydrotherapy be used to treat m spasm?

A
  • Heat: generally along with massage treatment
  • Cold: useful when trying to interrupt pain-spasm cycle (analgesic affect). In cases of protective spasm, onlly cold should be uesd. When in doubt, use cold
49
Q

What are some techniques that are geared toward treating mm spasm?

A
  • Reciprocal Inhibition Tech
  • Golgi Tendon Organ Tech
  • Origin Insertion Tech
  • MM approximation Tech
50
Q

Inflammation of the EPB, APL tendon sheath is known as:

A

de quervain’s

51
Q

What’s inflammation of the infrapatellar tendon known as?

A

jumper’s knee

52
Q

What’s the aka for ostoarthritis?

A

degenerative joint disease

53
Q

What’s ankylosis?

A

joint fusion

54
Q

What are common treatments for Reumatoid Arthritis?

A
  • NSAIDS
  • corticosteroid injections
  • not uncommon to tx with Prednison and other immune suppresants
  • caution with deep and aggressive techs due to tissue fragility
55
Q

What is specifically attacked with Sjogren’s Syndrome?

A

attacks exocrine glands that produce mucous and tears

56
Q

What are the akas for Juvenile RA?

A

still’s desease, juvenile ideopathic arthritis

57
Q

Which structures are we lining up for Pelvic Angle?

A

PSIS-pubic symphisis (30 degrees)

58
Q

AKAs for osteophyte formation at joint margins in OA:

A

lipping or spurring (usually takes 10-15 years to develop)

T2 MSK (12 decks)

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