MSK I Lower limb Flashcards
(238 cards)
1
Q
Anterior compartment of thigh contains
A
Iliacus, psoas major, quadriceps including rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, sartorius, branches of femoral artery, vein and nerve
2
Q
Medial compartment of thigh contains
A
pectineus, obturator externus, gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, obturator artery, vein and nerve
3
Q
Pes anserinus is made of
A
semitendinosus tendon, gracilis tendon, and sartorius tendon
4
Q
what muscles make up the quadriceps femoris
A
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
5
Q
borders of the femoral triangle
A
superior: inguinal ligament
medial: lateral border of adductor longus
lateral medial border of sartorius
floor: pectineus and iliopsoas
roof: deep fascia
6
Q
Femoral triangle contents
A
NAVL, femoral nerve, femoral artery and branches, femoral vein, and lymphatics
7
Q
posterior compartment of thigh contains
A
biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, perforating branches of deep femoral artery and vein, sciatic nerve
8
Q
superficial muscles of gluteal region
A
Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae
9
Q
deep muscles of gluteal region
A
obturator intermus, gemellus inferior, piriformis, gemellus superior, quadratus femoris
10
Q
Iliacus origin
A
iliac fossa
11
Q
iliacus insertion
A
lesser trochanter
12
Q
iliacus innervation
A
L2, L3 femoral nerve
13
Q
Iliacus action
A
flexion and lateral rotation of thigh
14
Q
Psoas major origin
A
anterior vertebral bordies and transverse process of TV12-LV5
15
Q
Psoas major insertion
A
lesser trochanter
16
Q
Psoas major innervation
A
L1-L3 ventral rami of lumbar nerves
17
Q
Psoas major action
A
flexion and lateral roation of thigh while nonweight bearing, flexes and side bends trunk while weight bearing
18
Q
Sartorius origin
A
anterior superior iliac spine
19
Q
sartorius insertion
A
medial tibia just below condyle with gracilis and semitendinosus at pes anerinus
20
Q
Sartorius innervation
A
femoral nerve
21
Q
Sartorius action
A
flexion of thigh and leg, lateral rotation of thigh, medial rotation of leg with knee flexed, abducts entire lower limb if knee is locked
22
Q
Rectus femoris origin
A
anterior inferior iliac spine
23
Q
rectus femoris insertion
A
superior part of patella to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
24
Q
rectus femoris innervation
A
femoral nerve
25
Rectus femoris action
flexion of thigh and extension of leg
26
Vastus lateralis origin
greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera
27
vastus lateralis insertion
lateral patella, tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
28
vastus lateralis innervation
femoral nerve
29
vastus lateralis action
leg extension
30
vastus medialis origin
intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera
31
vastus medialis insertion
medial patella, tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
32
vastus medialis innervation
femoral nerve
33
vastus medialis action
leg extension, maintains proper patellar tracking
34
vastus intermedius origin
anterior and lateral surface of femoral shaft
35
vastus intermedius insertion
deep surface of tendon of rectus femoris and other vastus muscles via aponeurosis
36
vastus intermedius innervation
femoral nerve
37
vastus intermedius action
leg extension
38
articularis genu origin
anterior inferior surface of femur
39
articularis genu insertion
superior portion of synovial membrane of knee joint and wall of suprapatellar bursa
40
articularis genu innervation
femoral nerve
41
articularis genu action
pulls synovial membrane superior during leg extension to prevent entrapment between patella and femur
42
Pectineus origin
pectineal line of pubis
43
Pectineus insertion
pectineal line of femur, posterior and inferior to lesser trochanter
44
pectineus innervation
femoral nerve, obturator nerve or both
45
pectineus action
flexion and adduction of thigh
46
adductor longus origin
anterior body of pubis
47
adductor longus insertion
middle part of medial lip of linea aspera
48
adductor longus innervation
anterior division of obturator nerve
49
adductor longus action
flexion and adduction of thigh
50
adductor brevis origin
inferior pubic ramus
51
adductor brevis insertion
upper half medial lip of linea aspera
52
adductor brevis innervation
anterior and posterior division of obturator nerve
53
adductor brevis action
flexion and adduction of thigh
54
adductor magnus adductor head origin
ischiopubic ramus
55
adductor magnus adductor head insertion
gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
56
adductor magnus adductor head innervation
posterior division of obturator nerve
57
adductor magnus adductor head action
adducts and extends thigh
58
adductor magnus hamstring head origin
ischial tuberosity
59
adductor magnus hamstring head insertion
anterior tubercle of femur
60
adductor magnus hamstring head innervation
tibial division of sciatic nerve
61
adductor magnus hamstring head action
adducts and extends thigh
62
Gracilis origin
inferior pubic ramus near symphysis
63
gracilis insertion
medial tibia just below condyle with sartorius and semitendinosus at pes anerinus
64
gracilis innervation
anterior division of obturator nerve
65
gracilis action
adducts thigh, flexes and helps to medially rotate leg with flexed knee
66
obturator externus origin
anterior margins of obturator foramen and membrane
67
obturator externus insertion
trochanteric fossa of femur
68
obturator externus innervation
Posterior division of obturator nerve
69
obturator externus action
lateral rotation of thigh with knee flexed
70
gluteus maximus origin
ilium posterior to the posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
71
gluteus maximus insertion
gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract ITT
72
gluteus maximus innervation
inferior gluteal nerve
73
gluteus maximus action
extends thigh, lateral rotation of thigh, acts with ITT to stabilize knee
74
Gluteus medius origin
ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
75
gluteus medius insertion
greater troachanter
76
gluteus medius innervation
superior gluteal nerve
77
gluteus medius action
abduction of thigh, posterior fibers- assist gluteus maximus in lateral thigh rotation, anterior fibers-assist gluteus minimus in medial thigh rotation and leveling sacral base when contralateral limb is raised off of ground
78
Gluteus minimus origin
ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
79
gluteus minimus insertion
anterior surface of great trochanter
80
gluteus minimus innervation
superior gluteal nerve
81
gluteus minimus action
abduction and medial rotation of thigh, assists gluteus medius in leveling sacral base
82
Tensor fascia latae origin
anterior lateral iliac crest
83
tensor fascia latae insertion
iliotibial tract
84
tensor fascia latae innervation
superior gluteal nerve
85
tensor fascia latae action
abducts, flexes and helps to medially rotate thigh, maintains extended knee
86
Piriformis origin
anterior surface of sacrum
87
piriformis insertion
greater trochanter
88
piriformis innervation
nerve to piriformis, S1, S2 ventral rami
89
piriformis action
abduction and lateral rotation of thigh
90
Gemellus superior origin
ischial spine
91
gemellus superior insertion
merges with tendon of obturator internus to trochanteric fossa
92
gemellus superior innervation
nerve to obturator internus L5-S2 ventral rami
93
gemellus superior action
lateral thigh rotation, thigh abduction
94
obturator internus origin
internal surface of obturator membrane and margin of obturator foramen
95
obturator internus insertion
greater trochanter
96
obturator internus innervation
nerve to obturator internus L5-S2 ventral rami
97
obturator internus action
lateral rotation and abduction of thigh
98
gemellus inferior origin
ischial tuberosity near lesser sciatic notch
99
gemellus inferior insertion
merges with tendon of obturator internus to trochanteric fossa
100
gemellus inferior innervation
nerve to quadratus femoris, ventral rami L4-S1
101
gemellus inferior action
abduction of thigh and lateral rotation
102
quadratus femoris origin
ischial tuberosity
103
quadratus femoris insertion
quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur
104
quadratus femoris innervation
nerve to quadratus femoris
105
quadratus femoris action
lateral thigh rotation
106
biceps femoris long head origin
ischial tuberosity
107
biceps femoris long head insertion
lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula
108
biceps femoris long head innervation
tibial component of sciatic nerve L5-S2
109
biceps femoris long head action
extend thigh, flex and laterally rotate leg when knee is flexed
110
Biceps femoris short head origin
middle third of lateral lip of linea aspera
111
biceps femoris short head insertion
lateral condyle of tibia and head of fibula
112
biceps femoris short head innervation
common fibular component of sciatic nerve L5-S2
113
biceps femoris short head action
flex and laterally rotate leg when knee is flexed
114
semimembranosus origin
ischial tuberosity
115
semimembranosus insertion
posterior surface of medial condyle on tibia
116
semimembranosus innervation
tibial component of sciatic nerve
117
semimembranosus action
extension of thigh, flexion of leg, and medial rotation of leg when knee is flexed
118
Semitendonosus origin
ischial tuberosity
119
semitendonosus insertion
medial anterior surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle, pes anserinus
120
semitendonosus innervation
tibial component of sciatic nerve
121
semitendonosus action
extension of thigh, flexion and medial rotation of leg when knee is flexed
122
What is the superolateral border of popliteal fossa
Biceps femoris
123
Superomedial border of popliteal fossa
semimembranosus
124
Inferolateral border of popliteal fossa
gastrocnemius lateral head
125
inferomedial border of popliteal fossa
gastrocnemius medial head
126
Contents of popliteal fossa
Small saphenous vein, popliteal artery, vein and tributaries, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve, posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerves, popliteal lymph nodes/ducts and fat
127
Tibialis anterior origin
lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
128
tibialis anterior insertion
medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
129
tibialis anterior innervation
deep fibular nerve
130
tibialis anterior action
dorsiflexion and inversion of foot, strongest dorsiflexor
131
Extensor digitorum longus origin
anterior surface of fibula, lateral tibial condyle and interosseous membrane
132
Extensor digitorum longus insertion
middle and distal phalanages of digits 2-5
133
Extensor digitorum innervation
deep fibular nerve
134
Extensor digitorum action
extends lateral 4 digits and dorsiflex foot
135
Fibularis tertius origin
inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
136
fibularis tertius insertion
dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
137
fibularis tertius innervation
deep fibular nerve
138
fibularis tertius action
dorsiflex foot, aid in eversion of foot
139
Extensor hallucis longus origin
middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
140
Extensor hallucis longus insertion
base of distal phalanx of hallux
141
Extensor hallucis longus innervation
deep fibular nerve
142
Extensor hallucis longus action
dorsiflex foot, extend hallux
143
Fibularis longus origin
head of and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
144
Fibularis longus insertion
base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
145
fibularis longus innervation
superficial fibular nerve
146
Fibularis longus action
eversion and plantar flexion of foot, depress medial plantar arch during toe off phase of walking and running
147
Fibularis brevis origin
distal lateral fibula
148
Fibularis brevis insertion
lateral base of 5th metatarsal
149
Fibularis brevis innervation
superficial fibular nerve
150
Fibularis brevis action
eversion and plantar flexion of foot, depress medial plantar arch during toe off phase of walking and running
151
Gastrocnemius origin
lateral and medial aspect of lateral/medial condyles of femur
152
Gastrocnemius insertion
calcaneus with soleus and plantaris muscles
153
Gastrocnemius innveration
tibial nerve
154
Gastrocnemius action
plantar flexion of foot and flex leg
155
Soleus origin
posterior surface of head and proximal shaft of fibula, soleal line on upper tibia
156
Soleus insertion
calcaneus with gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles
157
Soleus innervation
tibial nerve
158
Soleus action
plantar flexion of foot, together with gastrocs produce 93% of plantar flexion force during walking and running
159
Plantaris origin
posterior surface of lateral condyle of femur
160
Plantaris insertion
calcaneus with gastrocnemius and soleus muscles
161
Plantaris innervation
tibial nerve
162
Plantaris action
aids gastrocnemius to plantar flex foot
163
Popliteus origin
lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle
164
Popliteus insertion
proximal tibia superior to soleal line
165
popliteus innervation
tibial nerve
166
popliteus action
flex and medially rotate leg, when foot is fixed it laterally rotates femur to unlock knee
167
Flexor hallucis longus origin
distal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
168
flexor hallucis longus insertion
base of distal phalanx of hallux
169
Flexor hallucis longus innervation
tibial nerve
170
Flexor hallucis longus action
Flexes hallux, plantar flexes foot
171
Flexor digitorum longus origin
posterior surface of middle of tibia
172
Flexor digitorum longus insertion
base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5
173
Flexor digitorum longus innervation
tibial nerve
174
Flexor digitorum longus action
Flexes digits 2-5, plantar flexes foot
175
Tibialis posterior origin
posterior surface of upper tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane
176
Tibialis posterior insertion
bases of metatarsals 2-4, navicular, all cuneiforms and sustentaculum tali
177
Tibialis posterior innervation
tibial nerve
178
Tibialis posterior action
inversion and plantar flexion of foot
179
Extensor digitorum brevis origin
calcaneus
180
Extensor digitorum brevis insertion
long extensor tendons of digits 2-4
181
Extensor digitorum brevis innervation
deep fibular nerve
182
Extensor digitorum brevis action
aids long extensor tendons to digits 2-4 at the MTP and IP joints
183
Extensor hallucis brevis origin
calcaneus
184
Extensor hallucis brevis insertion
dorsal base of proximal phalanx of hallux
185
Extensor hallucis brevis innervation
deep fibular nerve
186
Extensor hallucis brevis action
aids extensor hallucis longus to extend big toe at MTP joint
187
Adductor hallucis origin
oblique head- base of metatarsals 2-4, transverse head- lateral 4 plantar MTP ligaments
188
Adductor hallucis insertion
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of hallux
189
Adductor hallucis innervation
lateral plantar nerve
190
Adductor hallucis action
adducts hallux, active during push off, pulling the lateral 4 metatarsals towards digit 1 to maintain transverse arch
191
Flexor digitorum brevis origin
medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
192
Flexor digitorum brevis insertion
middle phalanx of digits 2-5
193
Flexor digitorum brevis innervation
Medial plantar nerve
194
Flexor digitorum brevis action
flex middle and proximal phalanges of digits 2-5
195
Quadratus plantae origin
medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
196
Quadratus plantae insertion
tendon of flexor digitorum longus
197
Quadratus plantae innervation
lateral plantar nerve
198
Quadratus plantae action
pulls on common tendon of flexor digitorum longus to redirect line of action
199
Lumbricals origin
tendons of flexor digitorum longus
200
Lumbricals insertion
medial side of proximal phalanges of digits 2-5 to attach on the dorsal digital expansions
201
Lumbricals innervation
1st- medial plantar nerve
| 2-4 lateral plantar nerve
202
Lumbricals action
flexes MTP joints, Extends IP joints in digits 2-5
203
Abductor digiti minimi origin
medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus
204
Abductor digiti minimi insertion
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 5
205
Abductor digiti minimi innervation
lateral plantar nerve
206
Abductor digiti minimi action
abducts digit 5
207
Flexor digiti minimi origin
base of 5th metatarsal
208
Flexor digiti minimi insertion
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 5
209
Flexor digiti minimi innervation
lateral plantar nerve
210
Flexor digiti minimi action
flex and abduct digit 5
211
Flexor hallucis brevis origin
plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
212
Flexor hallucis brevis insertion
lateral and medial sides of base of proximal phalanx of hallux
213
Flexor hallucis brevis innervation
medial plantar nerve
214
Flexor hallucis brevis action
flex hallux
215
Abductor hallucis origin
medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
216
Abductor hallucis insertion
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of hallux
217
Abductor hallucis innervation
medial plantar nerve
218
Abductor hallucis action
abducts hallux
219
Plantar interossei origin
medial side of plantar surfaces of metatarsals 3-5
220
Plantar interossei insertions
medial side of bases of proximal phalanx of digits 3-5 and their extensor expansions
221
Plantar interossei innervation
lateral plantar nerve
222
Plantar interossei action
adducts digits 3-5, flexes MTP joints
223
Dorsal interossei origin
adjacent sides of metatarsals
224
Dorsal interossei insertion
1st interossei- medial side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 2
2nd-4th interossei- lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of digits 2-4 and their extensor expansions
225
Dorsal interossei innervation
lateral plantar nerve
226
Dorsal interossei action
abduct digits 2-4, flex MTP joints
227
Femoral canal contains
lymphatics, only the most medial compartment of femoral sheath
228
Femoral sheath is a continuation of
transversalis fascia of the abdominal wall
229
Adductor canal boundaries
Anteromedially- Sartorius and vastoadductor membrane
Anterolaterally- vastus medialis
posteriorly- adductor longus superiorly, adductor magnus inferiorly
230
Adductor canal contents
Femoral artery, vein and saphenous nerve
231
Cutaneous nerves of gluteal region and posterior thigh include
Superior cluneal nerves, middle cluneal nerves, inferior cluneal nerves, and posterior femoral cutaneous nerves
232
Superior cluneal nerve innervation
dorsal rami of L1-L3
233
Middle cluneal nerve innervation
dorsal rami of S1-S3
234
Inferior cluneal nerve innervation
ventral rami of S2-S3
235
Anterior compartment of lower leg contains
tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius, deep fibular nerve, and anterior tibial artery
236
Lateral compartment of lower leg contains
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis, superficial fibular nerve, perforating anterior tibial artery, perforating fibular artery
237
Posterior deep compartment of lower leg includes
popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery and fibular artery
238
Posterior superficial compartment of lower leg includes
gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris
