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Y2 - MSK > MSK Imaging > Flashcards

MSK Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What structuresncan the different imaging techniques show?

A

X-ray - bone outlines
CT - bone outlines in more detail and some soft tissue structures
MRI - bone outlines in less detail, all the soft tissue structures

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2
Q

What does abnormal vertebral alignment on imaging imply?

A

Ligament damage and unstable spine

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3
Q

How do normal and damaged ligaments appear on MRI?

A

Normal - black

Damaged - lighter

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4
Q

What spinal injuries can MRI show that x-ray can’t?

A

Soft tissue injuries, e.g.
Acute prolapsed intervertebral disc
Epidural haematoma
Spinal cord damage

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5
Q

What are imaging features fo vertebral tumours?

A

Bone sclerosis
Bone destruction
Vertebral collapse
MRI: bone marrow infiltration (early) or extradural mass and spinal cord compression (late)

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6
Q

What is the best imaging to show intervertebral discs?

A

MRI

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7
Q

What intervertebral disc disease can be seen on MRI?

A

All disc prolapses

The disc dehydration that precedes prolapse

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8
Q

What is the best imaging for the spinal cord?

A

MRI

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9
Q

What are the imaging features of osteoarthritis?

A

Asymmetric joint space reduction
Subchondral sclerosis
Osteophytes
Cysts

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10
Q

What are imaging features of rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Soft tissue swelling
Osteopenia
Erosion
Deformity

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11
Q

What are the imaging features of seronegative arthritides?

A

Enthesitis causes ill-defined bony proliferation (periarticular new bone formation)
Ossification of ligaments and bone fusion across joints

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12
Q

What are early imaging features of joint disease?

A

Increased joint vscularity
Inflamed synovial
Bone marrow oedema
Subtle bone early erosion

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13
Q

What are examples of when you need more than two radiograph views, and what do they need?

A

Cervical spine - AP, lateral and odontoid peg

Scaphoid - AP, lateral and two obliques

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14
Q

What are examples of variable fracture appearances?

A 
Lucency crossing bone
Cortical extension
Comminution (split into 3 or 4  fractures)
Joint involvement
Angulation
Displacement
Impaction (bone denser than usual)
Avulsion (fragment of bone tears away from the main mass of bone)
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15
Q

What is the characteristic feature of avulsion fractures on x-ray that mimics don’t have?

A

They are incompletely coricated

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16
Q

What are examples of avulsion fracture mimics?

A

Sesamoid bones
Accessory ossification centres
Old non-united fractures

17
Q

What may be seen on x-ray if an elbow effusion is present?

A

Displaced fat pad

18
Q

What are examples of bone injuries that only children get?

A 
Buckle fracture (looks like a ring around the bone)
Blowing
Greenstick fracture (incomplete fracture)
19
Q

What is the growth plate?

A

A lucency between the epiphysis and metaphysis in developing bones

20
Q

What is different about bony ring fractures?

A

As it is a ring, here will always be more than one disruption to the ring

21
Q

Which materials can be seen on x-ray, and which are invisible?

A

Metal and glass can be seen

Plastic and wood are invisible

22
Q

When should you suspect pathological fracture?

A

Where bone abnormality seems out of proportion to the mechanism of injury

23
Q

Who are colles fractures most common in?

A

Elderly patients with osteoporosis

24
Q

Who are scaphoid fractures most common in?

A

Young (ish) males

25
Q

Who are surgical neck humorous fractures most common in?

A

Post-menopausal females

26
Q

What complications can mobility of the lower limbs lead to?

A

Dehydration and starvation
DVT and PE
Pneumonia

27
Q

When do high energy pelvic ring fractures usually happen?

A

Young people

Road traffic accident or fall from height

28
Q

When do low energy pelvic ring fractures usually happen?

A

Elderly patients with osteoporosis

Minor fall, may be insidious onset

29
Q

What is the difference between high and low energy pelvic ring fractures on imaging?

A

High - usually multiple fractures

Low - x-rays often normal

30
Q

What is the imaging method of choice in pelvic soft tissue injury?

A

MRI

31
Q

Which is the more common type of hip dislocation?

A

Posterior

32
Q

What can small avulsed bone fragments indicate?

A

Significant soft tissue injury

33
Q

What is lipohaemarthrosis, blood and fat collecting in the suprapatellar recess a specific sign of?

A

Intra-articular fracture

34
Q

Why should you check bony alignment carefully when looking for knee dislocation?

A

Knee dislocation is often largely reduced by the time of x-ray so can be missed

35
Q

What are meniscal tears, ligament injuries and cartilage injuries best shown by?

A

MRI

Y2 - MSK (9 decks)

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