MSK key pathologies Flashcards
(33 cards)
define tendinopathy
pain and dysfunction associated with a tendon
what are the 4 stages of a tendinopathy
altered tendon cell population
disorganisation of collagen
ground substance changes
neovascularisation
name some risk factors for tendinopathy
sedentary population over 60
athletic population over 40
changes in load/training
overload/underload
diabetes
genetic factors
increased BMI
previous injury
malaise
what is a strain
muscle or tendon injury - involves over contracting or lengthening a muscle causing tearing of collagen
what is a sprain
an injury to the band of collagen i.e a ligament, which connects 2 or more bones to a joint
what is a femoral acetabular impingement
a pathological mechanical process by which morphological abnormalities of the acetabulum and/or femur combined with vigorous hip motion can damage the soft tissue structures within the hip itself
what is osteoarthritis
a common disabling condition that causes joint pain and stiffness caused by the gradual erosion of cartilage
what is the most common MOI for a meniscal tear
twisting injury on a semi-flexed limb through a weight bearing knee
what are the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis
reduced ROM actively and passively
slight swelling over the joint
pain -> more on weight bearing activities
clicking/grinding
what are the signs and symptoms for meniscal tears
inability to fully extend or bend the knee
difficulty weight bearing
swelling
catching or locking of the knee joint
pain in the knee joint
what is patellofemoral pain syndrome
an umbrella term for pain arising from the patellofemoral joint itself, or adjacent soft tissue structures
what is shoulder instability
when the labrum and/or ligaments stretch or tear, the shoulder has a greater tendency to dislocate
what are the tell tale signs of shoulder instability
dislocation and subluxation
what is frozen shoulder
characterised by initially painful and later progressively restricted active and passive glenohumeral ROM with spontaneous complete or nearly complete recovery over a period of time
what are the three stages of a frozen shoulder
acute/freezing/painful stage
adhesive/frozen/stiffening phase
resolution/thawing phase
what is spinal stenosis
canal narrowing of either the central or foraminal canal
what are the signs and symptoms of spinal stenosis
spinal pain
nerve symptoms
symptoms improve with flexion activities and worsen with extension
what is ankylosing spondylitis
where changes to the SIJ or the spine can be seen on an x ray
what are the signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis
symptoms starting slowly
pain in the lower back
improves with movement
night time waking
early onset (under 40)
scoliosis
s shaped curve in the spine
what is spondylosis
generic umbrella term for osteoarthritic changes within the spine
what is whiplash associated disorder
generic term for neck pain following sudden force (acceleration/deacceleration)
what is peripheral nerve entrapment/irritation
an area in the peripheral nerves in which the nerve becomes irritated
what are the signs and symptoms of peripheral nerve entrapment/irritation
pain and/or sensory symptoms at the interface and distal to the area the nerve supplies
