MSK: path random memorization

Question 1

Osteoporosis causes loss of mass/interconnections in which type of bone?

Answer 1

Spongy/trabecular

Question 2

What T score is diagnostic of osteoporosis?

Answer 2

=/< -2.5

Question 3

Type 1 osteoporosis affects what demographic?

Answer 3

Post-menopausal women

Question 4

Type 2 osteoporosis affects what demographic?

Answer 4

Men and women over 70

Question 5

What’s the name of the monoclonal antibody against RANK-L?

Answer 5

Denosumab

Question 6

What mutation is associated with osteopetrosis?

Answer 6

Carbonic anhydrase II

Question 7

What’s a potential cure for osteopetrosis?

Answer 7

BMT (osteoclasts are derived from monocytes)

Question 8

Why is there increased ALP in osteomalacia and rickets?

Answer 8

Osteoblasts are hyperactive

Question 9

A “bone-in-bone” appearance is characteristic of what disease?

Answer 9

Osteopetrosis

Question 10

Name 4 stages of paget’s disease and cell activity in each.

Answer 10

Lytic: clasts
Mixed: clasts + blasts
Sclerotic: Blasts
Quiescent: minimal blast/clast activity

Question 11

Paget’s dz of bone is also known by what other name?

Answer 11

Osteitis deformans

Question 12

2 scariest complications of Paget’s dz of bone?

Answer 12

High-output HF

Osteogenic sarcoma

Question 13

What is the name for when bone is replaced by fibroblasts, collagen, and irregular bony trabeculae?

Answer 13

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

Question 14

What disease presents with the triad of:

1. Multiple foci of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
2. Endocrine abnormalities
3. Cafe-au-lait spots

Answer 14

McCune-Albright syndrome

Question 15

Which bone tumor looks like a mushroom, as it’s made of mature bone with a cartilagenous cap?

Answer 15

Osteochondroma

Question 16

Another name for osteochondroma?

Answer 16

Exostosis

Question 17

Bone tumor with multinucleated giant cells and a “soap bubble” appearance on X-ray?

Answer 17

Giant cell tumor

Question 18

Which bone tumor causes an expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity?

Answer 18

Chondrosarcoma

Question 19

What benign tumor can (rarely) give rise to chondrosarcoma?

Answer 19

Osteochondroma

Question 20

Bone infarction and radiation are both risk factors for what type of bone tumor?

Answer 20

Osteosarcoma

Question 21

What causes the Codman Triangle seen in osteosarcoma?

Answer 21

Elevation of the periosteum

Question 22

Which bone tumors arise in the metaphysis of long bones?

Answer 22

Osteosarcoma and osteochrondroma

Question 23

Which bone tumors arise in the diaphysis of long bones?

Answer 23

Ewing sarcoma and chondrosarcoma

Question 24

Is OA or RA associated with joint space narrowing?

Answer 24

OA

Question 25

Is OA or RA associated with subchondral cysts?

Answer 25

OA

Question 26

What type of necrosis is seen with subQ rheumatoid nodules?

Answer 26

Fibrinoid necrosis

Question 27

Triad of RA, splenomegaly, and neutropenia is called?

Answer 27

Felty syndrome

Question 28

In Sjogren's syndrome, which auto-antibodies can cross the placenta, leading to fetal conduction defects?

Answer 28

Anti-Ro (SS-A)

Question 29

Why does EtOH often precipitate acute gout attacks?

Answer 29

EtOH metabolites compete w/ uric acid for elimination in the kidney

Question 30

Pseudogout: what are the crystals made of?

Answer 30

Calcium pyrophosphate

Question 31

What are 2 causes of chronic infectious arthritis?

Answer 31

TB and Lyme dz

Question 32

Which seronegative spondyloarthropathy is associated with dactylitis (sausage fingers) and a "pencil-in-cup" deformity?

Answer 32

Psoriatic arthritis

Question 33

What cardiac complication is seen in ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer 33

Aortic regurg

Question 34

An increased PTT that won't correct with mixing study is characteristic of what autoimmune hematologic condition?

Answer 34

Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome

Question 35

Which auto-antibodies are associated with renal disease in SLE?

Answer 35

Anti-dsDNA

Question 36

MCC of nephritic syndrome in SLE?

Answer 36

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

Question 37

MCC of nephrotic syndrome in SLE?

Answer 37

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Question 38

What disease is lupus pernio seen in?

Answer 38

Sarcoidosis. Bonus fact: lupus pernio is a violaceous rash on the nose and cheeks

Question 39

Polymyalgia rheumatica causes shoulder and hip pain and stiffness. How does it affect muscle strength and serum CK?

Answer 39

Doesn't cause muscle weakess, and serum CK is totally normal!

Question 40

Does polymyositis or dermatomyositis cause endomysial inflammation? Which causes perimysial inflammation?

Answer 40

Polymyositis: endomysial Dermatomyositis: perimysial

Question 41

Does polymyositis or dermatomyositis have mainly CD4 cells? Which has mainly CD8 cells?

Answer 41

Polymyositis: CD8 Dermatomyositis: CD4

Question 42

What 2 occult malignancies are most associated with dermatomyositis?

Answer 42

Ovarian CA and colon CA

Question 43

MCC of thymic pathology in myasthenia gravis?

Answer 43

Thymic hyperplasia! Don't just assume it's thymoma.

Question 44

Myositis ossificans is an example of what type of cellular reaction to injury?

Answer 44

Metaplasia (sk muscle--> bone)