Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > MSK Pharm > Flashcards

MSK Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Ergocalciferol vs cholecalciferol

A

ergocalciferol → D2, found in plants, used in dietary fortification
cholecalciferol → D3, produced by skin in sunlight

very little natural vitamin D found in diet, mostly found in vitamin d fortified foods such as dairy, orange juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Calcitonin-salmon

A

longer half life than human calcitonin,
↓ bone resorption,
works for established osteoporosis, but not prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bisphophonates

-dronate

A

analog of pyrophosphates
↓ clasts, ↓ resorption

AA:
esophagitis
osteonecrosis
atypical femur fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Raloxifene

A

SERM (selective estrogen receptor modulator)
Antagonist in breast and uterus, but agonist in bone
prevents and treats post-menopause osteoporosis

AA:
DVT and PE and stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Teriparatide (PTH 1-34)

A

only osteoporosis drug that ↑ bone formation

pulsed therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

denosumab

A

monoclonal Ab against RANKL
↓ clasts
SQ injection every 6 months

AA:
↑ fractures and ↓ healing
osteonecrosis of the jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cinacalcet

A

calcimimetic drug

used in primary hyperparathyroidism or secondary hyperparathyroidism due to CKD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

antibiotics for osteomyelitis

A

clindamycin
rifampin
trimethoprim
fluoroquinolone

4-6 week course

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment of gout

A

NSAIDs → acutely and prevention

recurrences → uricosuric drugs (↑ uric acid excretion) and/or xanthine oxidase inhibitors (reduce uric acid production)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment of acute gout

A

Potent NSAIDS ( naproxen, indomethacin, celecoxib)
Colchicine
glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

allopurinol

A

competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase

causes excretion of precursors xanthine and hypoxanthine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

febuxostat

A

competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase
causes excretion of precursors xanthine and hypoxanthine
given to those who do not tolerate allopurinol
expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pegloticase

A

recombinant mammalian uricase
attached to methoxy polyethylene glycol
converts uric acid to allantoin, which is more soluble
IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

probenecid

A

blocks urate reabsorption → ↑excretion
(low dose aspirin promotes urate reabsorption)
used for underexcreters with good kidney function (no stones, GFR > 60)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

glucocorticoids and RA

A

only give while waiting for DMARDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Methotrexate

A 
dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
3-6 weeks for effects (faster than many others)
drug of first choice for RA
once per week
tolerated at low doses
take folate supplements
do not use in pregnancy
17
Q

Hydroxychloroquine

A 
antimalarial drug used for RA
lipophilic weak base
increases lysosome pH from 4 to 6
less MHC class II autoantigen presentation
safe for pregnancy
long halflife → loading dose
retinal damage
18
Q

sulfasalazine

A

RA drug
unknown MOA
sulfa drug

19
Q

classic triple therapy of DMARDs for RA

A

methotrexate
hydroxychloroquine
sulfalazine

20
Q

TNF inhibitors

A

highly effective for RA
usually used in moderate to severe RA not responsive to DMARDS

patients have a risk for developing serious illnesses, such as TB, fungal infections

21
Q

Etanercept

A

TNF inhibitor

22
Q

Infliximab

A

TNF inhibitor

IV infusion every 6 weeks

23
Q

Adalimumab

A

TNF inhibitor
aka humira
SQ injection

24
Q

Rituximab

A

antibody against CD20 on B-cells
B-cells are affected, but plasma cells are not, so Ig levels are not affected
used in combo with methotrexate to treat RA
used when patients do not respond to TNF inhibitors
positive RF and CCP antibodies predicts greater efficacy

25
Q

abatacept

A

prevents CD28 from binding to CD80/86

used in combo with DMARDs for RA

26
Q

tocilizumab

A

Anti IL-6 receptor Ab
prevents IL-6 from binding to its receptor
limits hepatic acute phase responses, activation of T/B cells
used in combo with DMARDS and TNF blockers, with or without methotrexate

27
Q

Tofacitinib

A

inhibitor of JAK3

28
Q

anakinra

A

IL-1 receptor antagonists

Neuro (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions