MSK revision

Question 1

Nerve supply to glut muscles

Answer 1

Glut max innervated by inferior gluteal nerve

Glut minimus and medius innervated by superior gluteal nerve

Question 2

What’s unique about C1?

Answer 2

No body or spinous process

Question 3

What’s the spinous process of C7 called?

Answer 3

Vertebra prominens

Question 4

What organ metabolises vitamin d into its active form?

Answer 4

Kidneys

Question 5

What does vitamin d do?

Answer 5

Regulated bone turnover and promotes bone reabsorption to boost serum calcium levels
It is needed to absorb calcium from intestines and phosphate from kidneys -> needed to make bone

Question 6

What nerve innervates all the deep muscles of the butt?

Answer 6

Sacral plexus L4-S4

Question 7

What is the big band of fascia down the lateral part of the thigh called?

Answer 7

Iliotibial tract

Question 8

What type of crystals cause gout?

Answer 8

Urate crystals
Needle-shaped
Negative bifringement of polarised light

Question 9

What is allopurinol?

Answer 9

Xanthase oxidase inhibitor that reduces uric acid levels

Used as a prophylactic treatment for gout

Question 10

What type of crystals cause pseudogout?

Answer 10

Calcium phosphate crystals
Rhomboid shaped
Positive bifringement of polarised light

Question 11

What antibodies are in SLE?

Answer 11

Anti-nuclear antibodies

• initial test for SLE (85% are positive)
• can be positive in healthy patients or those with other autoimmune conditions

Anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA)

• specific to SLE
• levels vary with disease activity so can be used to monitor treatment

Anti-phospholipid antibodies
- anti-phospholipid syndrome can occur secondary to SLE

Question 12

What antibodies are present in Sjögren’s syndrome?

Answer 12

Anti-ro

Anti-la

Question 13

Which tendon is used to help identify the dorsalis pedis pulse?

Answer 13

Extensor hallucis longus tendon

Question 14

Treatment for Raynaud’s

Answer 14

Nifedipine

Calcium channel blocker which allows vasodilation

Question 15

What symptoms WILL NOT be present in rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 15

Back pain

Question 16

Which arthritis’ can be caused by STIs?

Answer 16

Chlamydia can cause reactive arthritis (can’t see, pee or climb a tree)
Gonorrhoea can cause septic arthritis

Question 17

Describe the arterial supply to the upper limb

Answer 17

Subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery then the brachial artery
In the cubital fossa, the brachial artery bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries

Question 18

Describe the arterial supply to the lower limb

Answer 18

External iliac artery becomes the femoral and deep femoral arteries at the acetabulum
The femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery
In the popliteal fossa, the popliteal artery bifurcates into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 19

Describe the venous drainage of the upper limb

Answer 19

Dorsal venous network drains into the cephalic (lateral) and basilic (medial) veins
The cephalic vein drains into axillary vein
The basilic vein drains into brachial vein
The median cubital vein branches between them in the cubital fossa

Question 20

Describe the superficial venous drainage of the lower limb

Answer 20

The dorsal venous arch becomes the great saphenous vein and the small saphenous vein
The great saphenous vein travels the medial aspect of the limb and drains into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle
The small saphenous vein travels the posterior midline of the leg and drains into the popliteal vein in popliteal fossa

Question 21

What type of joint are the acromioclavicular and the sternoclavicular joints?

Answer 21

Synovial plane

Question 22

What type of joint is the elbow?

Answer 22

Synovial hinge

Question 23

What type of joints are the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?

Answer 23

Synovial pivot

Question 24

What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

Answer 24

Synovial ellipsoid

Question 25

What is the annular ligament?

Answer 25

Originates and inserts on proximal ulna and wraps around the radius holding it close

Question 26

Where do the rotator cuff muscles insert?

Answer 26

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor insert on greater tuberosity of humerus Subscapularis inserts on lesser tuberosity

Question 27

Describe anterior compartment of arm

Answer 27

Innervated by musculocutaneous nerve | BBC muscles = biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

Question 28

Describe posterior compartment of arm

Answer 28

Innervated by radial nerve | Triceps brachii muscle

Question 29

Nerve supply to hand muscles

Answer 29

Ulnar supplies hypothenar and allintrinsic muscles of hand except LOAF Median supplies thenar and LOAF LOAF = Lateral 2 lumbricals, Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis, Felxor pollicis brevis

Question 30

Describe anterior compartment of forearm

Answer 30

All muscles innervated by median nerve except flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus which are innervated by ulnar nerve

Question 31

What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of forearm

Answer 31

Radial nerve

Question 32

Describe the sciatic nerve and what it supplies

Answer 32

L4-S3 Is under the piriformis In the distal thigh it becomes with tibial nerve and the common fibular (peroneal) nerve Supplies posterior thigh and all leg and foot muscles

Question 33

What type of joint if pubic symphysis and vertebral joints?

Answer 33

Secondary cartilaginous

Question 34

Axillary Nerve, how is it likely to be injured and what symptoms would an injury cause?

Answer 34

Surgical neck of humerus fracture Stab wounds to shoulder Shoulder dislocation Sensory: Numb Sergeant’s patch Motor: Weak all shoulder movements

Question 35

Radial Nerve: how is it likely to be injured and symptoms of injury?

Answer 35

Fracture of shaft of humerus Stab wounds to ACF, forearm or wrist Compression of arm Sensory: Numb posterior arm and forearm, numb radial part of hand Motor: Weak arm movements, absent triceps and supinator reflex WRIST DROP

Question 36

What nerve damage is likely to cause wrist drop?

Answer 36

Radial Nerve proximal to elbow

Question 37

Median Nerve: How can it be injured and symptoms of injury

Answer 37

Supracondylar fracture of humerus Carpal tunnel Sensory: Numb thenar eminence and median part of hand Motor: Median parts of arm and hand, LOAF HAND OF BENEDICTION (can only flex last two fingers)

Question 38

What nerve injury causes claw hand?

Answer 38

Ulnar Nerve | Cant extend last two fingers

Question 39

What nerve injury causes foot drop?

Answer 39

Common peroneal/fibular Nerve

Question 40

Type of hip dislocation if there is EXTERNAL rotation

Answer 40

Anterior hip dislocation

Question 41

Type of hip dislocation if there is INTERNAL rotation

Answer 41

Posterior hip dislocation

Question 42

Signs of a hip fracture

Answer 42

Shortened leg and EXTERNALLY rotated

Question 43

Nerve roots of the musculocutaneous nerve?

Answer 43

C5-C7

Question 44

Roots of axillary nerve

Answer 44

C5,C6

Question 45

Roots of radial nerve

Answer 45

C5-C8

Question 46

Roots of Median Nerve

Answer 46

C6, C8, T1

Question 47

Roots of ulnar nerve

Answer 47

C8, T1