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MSK terms Flashcards

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1
Q

conus medullaris

A

lower end of the spinal cord usually at L1 L2

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2
Q

cauda equina

A

horses tail of nerves that extends into the sacrum from spinal cord

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3
Q

sacralization

A

fusion of L5 with sacrum

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4
Q

compression fractures

A

demineralization of the spongey bone

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5
Q

uncus

A

epiphyseal rim smooth bone on the outer side of the body of vertebra on superior and inferior ends

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6
Q

lordosis

A

exagerated secondary curve of the lumbar region

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7
Q

kyphosis

A

exaggerated primary curve of the thoracic area

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8
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral s curve occurring in any region

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9
Q

what prevents excessive extension of the spine

A

anterior longitudinal spinal ligament

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10
Q

what assists in preventing excessive flexion of the spine

A

posterior longitudinal spinal ligament

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11
Q

zygapophyseal joint

A

facet joints between vertebrae of the superior and inferior articular process

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12
Q

Ligamentum flavum location and function

A

connects liminae from cv2 downward prevents excessive flexion of spine and maintains posture by aligning facet joints

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13
Q

supraspinal ligament

A

cv7 transverse process down to sacrum

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14
Q

nuchal ligament

A

cv7 to nuchal lines

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15
Q

what are the contents of the intervertebral foramina

A

dorsal and ventral roots/ dorsal root ganglion/ spinal nerve/spinal artery intervertebral vein

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16
Q

atlantoaxial joint

A

no movement between cv1 and cv2

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17
Q

atlantooccipital joint

A

occipital condyles of the skull and superior articulating facets of cv1 (atlas) YES motion

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18
Q

segmental medullary arteries

A

radial arteries that reach the spinal cord

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19
Q

basivertebral veins

A

drain bodies of vertebrae to anterior internal plexus

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20
Q

intervertebral veins

A

drain from all four vertebral plexus

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21
Q

GVE

A

autonomic two parts sympathetic= thoracolumbar and parasympathetic= craniosacral

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22
Q

sympathetic fibers

A

shorter preganglion fibers

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23
Q

parasympathetic

A

longer pre ganglion fibers

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24
Q

CN III

A

efferent eye

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25
CN VII
efferent =2 salivary glands/ nasal mucosa /lacrimal gland (7 spits and crys)
26
CN IX
efferent= salivary gland mucosa afferent= carotid body & sinus gag refelx
27
CN X (vagus nerve)
efferent= thoracic & 2/3 of abdominal viscera afferent= same region
28
white rami communicons
axons pathway to enter spinal chord ganglia from t1-L3
29
exit sympathetic trunk through...
splanchnic never which is still presynaptic after it passes through the sympathetic ganglion except for cardiopulminary splanchnic are postsynaptic or postganglion
30
pelvic splanchnic nerves are sypathetic or parasympatheitic
para
31
how many pairs of spinal nerves
31 pairs
32
neoplastic vs osteoporotic compression fracture
osteoporotic weakened trabeculae with thin cortical bone/ neoplastic=cancer spreads through bastons vertebral venous plexus to vertebral bodies
33
spondylosis
defect in pars interarticularis of the neural arch between superior and inferior articular process/water content of cartilage decreases while protein degenerates
34
spondylolisthesis (bilateral spondylosis)
spinal column above slides forward on column below most common in LV5 on SV1
35
General Somatic Afferent (GSA)
carries sensory information from a somatic structure
36
white matter
transmits info up and down spinal cord
37
grey matter
transmits info laterally to and from spinal nerves/seat of cell bodies
38
lateral horn
more of your visceral motor innervation
39
plantar flexion
toes flex down
40
dorsi flexion
toes flex up
41
retinaculum
a band around tendons that holds them in place
42
somites give rise to...
dermatomes myotomes ribs paraxial mesoderm/ scerotome
43
Nueral crest cells come from
ectoderm (nueroecoderm)
44
marginal zone
external white matter
45
ventrical zone
single layer of ependymal cells
46
unipolar neurons
sensory neurons
47
dorsal root ganglion are derived from
nc cells
48
phocomelia
absence of long bones
49
meromelia
missing part of limb
50
epimere gives rise to...
deep back muscles
51
grey matter sends info which direction
laterally
52
white matter sends info
up the spinal cord
53
preganglion neurotransmitter of the sympathetic region
acetylcholine
54
postganglionic neurotransmitter of the the sympathetic region
noripenephrine blocked by beta adrenergic drugs
55
location of receptor cells for the noripenephrin in the sympathetic system
located in the effector organ
56
autonomic nervous system parasympathic region
craniosacral
57
autonomic nervous system sympathic region
thoracolumbar
58
why is GSA senseory inforamtion specific
uses psuodounipolar neurons
59
GSE uses what kinds of neurons
somatic multipolar motor nuerons
60
GVE
autonomic multipolar motor nuerons
61
sympathetic nuerotransmiter paths
uses noripenephrin on postganglion then actetycholine on preganglion
62
parasympathic nuerotransmitter path
uses acetylcholine on both pre and post ganglion
63
symaptheic innervation comes form what levels
t1-s2-3
64
In the sympatheitc neurons haw do axons gain access to sympathetic chain ganglion?
through white rami communicons
65
splanchnic nerves
DO NOT SYNAPSe in sympathetic trunk they exit then synapse
66
sympatheic innervation pattern in the head
sympathetic nuers level t1-t4 go up the sympatheic trunk and synapse in superior cervical ganglion
67
sympathetic innervation pattern for throacic (heart and lungs)
synapes in parasympathic ganglion on that level then to effector organ except vervical cardia goes up and synapes up top in cervical ganglion
68
abdominal visera innervation for sympatheitc
PRE GANGLIONIC IN SYMPATHEITC GANGLION then become post ganglionic once they synapse in lower ganglion outside sympatheitc ganglion these are called splanchnic nerves
69
visceral afferents paired with what in parasympatheitc
innocuos info such as physiological receptors
70
visceral afferents paired with what in sympatheitc
nocioreceptors pain

MSK (10 decks)

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