MSM Flashcards

Question

What did Bahrick et al. (1975) find?

Answer 1

Investigated the duration of LTM. He used a sample of 392 American ex-high-school students aged between 17 and 74. The time since leaving high school was up to 48 years. The participants were tested in several ways including free recall and a photo recognition test. The participants were asked to identify their former classmates from a set of 50 photos. LTM was assessed by comparing the participants responses with yearbooks of all the students in that year. Results showed the recognition group was 90% accurate after 14 years and 60% after 47 years

Answer 2

Baddeley (1966)

Answer 3

Demonstrated encoding in LTM is semantic. Gave p's four sets of words. - Set 1 was similar sounds like cat, map, cap, mat and - Set 2 was different sounds like dog, bin, cup, pen. - Set 3 had similar meanings like big, large, huge, vast - Set 4 had words with different meanings like huge, good, light, blue When asked to recall immediately (testing STM), p's made more mistakes on words that sounded alike (set 1) After delayed recall - 20 mins (recall supposed to be from LTM), participants had more difficulty remembering the semantically similar words e.g. replacing huge with vast or night and dark etc.

Answer 4

Wagenaar (1986)

Answer 5

Created a diary of 2400 events over 6 years and tested himself on recall of events rather than dates, finding he too had excellent recall, again suggesting the capacity of LTM is extremely large

Answer 6

Glanzer and Cunitz

Answer 7

Presented two groups of participants with the same list of words. One group recalled the words immediately after presentation, while the other group recalled the words after waiting 30 seconds. Participants tended to remember the first few and last few words but were more likely to forget those in the middle of the list. This supports the existence of separate LTM and STM stores because they observed a primacy and recency affect

Answer 8

The tendency for individuals without neurological impairment to show enhanced memory for items presented at the beginning of a list relative to items presented in the middle of the list

Answer 9

The recency effect is a cognitive bias in which those items, ideas, or arguments that came last are remembered more clearly than those that came first

Answer 10

HM was a male patient who suffered from severe epilepsy. He underwent major surgery to relieve the symptoms. The temporal lobes of both sides of his brain were removed. Since the surgery HM has been unable to form new long-term memories. His STM is relatively normal by he could not extend his STM by rehearsal and therefore was unable to transfer information from the STM to the LTM.