Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FPP MSS > MSS Skin intro > Flashcards

MSS Skin intro Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 layers of the epidermis?

A

Basal layer
Spinous layer
Granular layer
Cornified layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stratum basale

A

Bottommost layer of the epidermis attached to basement membrane
Contains Stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

Contains most of keratinocytes
Held together by desmosomes ( protein complexes that connect keratinocytes and kertain intermediate filament)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Composed of flattened keratinocytes that are starting to lose their nucleus and cell organelles.
Keratohyalin granules: filled with proteins for formation of cornified envelope (profilaggrin).
Lamellar granules: (odland bodies): contains lipids (ceramides)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stratum corneum

A

made up of anucleate cells (corneocytes)
held together by proteins and lipids (filaggrin and ceramides)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the cornified layer the thickest? Thinnest?

A

Thickest: palms and soles
Thinnest: mucosal surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the process of keratinaization and recognize disorders of keratinization

A

Cornification: Process of keratinocyte migration and maturation. Starts with SC differentiation–> separation from basement membrane. Flattens out, forms lamellar and keratohyaline granules. Loses cellular organelles and releases granules.
Eventually becomes anucleate corneocyte in cornified envelope and is eventually shed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of desmosomes

A

Protein complexes that connect keratinocyte and keratin intermediate filament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What layers do UVB and UVA penetrate?

A

UVB: epidermis and superficial dermis
UVA: penetrates into dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Interaction of UV and skin

A

UVB –> erythema and sunburn
UVA–> tanning and photoaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pharmacology of suncreen

A

Physical blockers: reflect UV radiation (zinc oxide/ titanium dioxide)
Chemical blockers: absorb UV radiation and convert it into heat ( PABA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What makes up intermediate filaments? How do they assemble?

A

Keratins (alpha helical proteins) that make up IF. Keratin–> heterodimer–> tetramer–> protofilament–> IF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pemphigus Vulgaris

A

Autoimmune blistering disease
Rare & affects elderly
Etiology: autoantibodies against desmosomes (desmoglein 1 & 3)
Sxs: flaccid blisters that turn into erosions
Sites: mouth, nose, genitalia, cutaneous site
Tx: immunosuppresion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ichthyosis Vulgaris

A

Autosomal dominant
Etiology: mutations in profillagrin (defective cornified envelope)
Sxs: extremely dry skin, hyperlinear palms, large scales on body
Associated: atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is SPF?

A

Sun Protection Factor: measure of protection against UVB exposure and sunburns
Does NOT measure UVA protection
SPF= MED protected/MED unprotected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is MED?

A

Minimal erythema dose: min. amout of UVB that causes skin redness at 24 hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the recommendation for sunscreen use?

A

At least SPF 30.
Apply 15 min before sun exposure. Need 1 oz to cover entire body. Reapply every 2 hrs. Avoid sun between 10-4p

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cells of the Dermis

A

Fibroblasts: Produce and secrete ECM
Macrophage
Endothelial cells: vascular network
Nerves
Sensory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are Meissner’s corpuscles? Where are they located?

A

Sense Light touch.
Located: concentrated in palms and soles in the dermal papillae ( under the epidermis)

20
Q

What are pacinian corpuscles? Where are they located?

A

sense pressure
Located in weight bearing surfaces, lips, nipples, penis, clitoris (deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue)

21
Q

Structural compotenents of dermis

A

Main component is ECM: collagen, elastic fibers and extrafibrillar matrix.

22
Q

Role of Collagen in skin. What type is most abundant?

A

Provides structural integrity. Produced by fibroblasts. Type I collagen is most abudant.

23
Q

When does the proportion of collagen III become more abundant in the skin?

A

Embryogenesis and wound healing

24
Q

Role of Elastic fibers. What is it made up of?

A

Skin elasticity. Made up of fibrillin and elastin

25
What is the extrafibrillar matrix?
Ground substance: composed of water, electrolytes, plasma proteins and proteoglycans (protein+GAG)
26
Function of dermis
Provides skin with structure and flexibility, vascular support for skin, immunologic protection, nerve sensation
27
Collagen structure and synthesis
Triple helix of alpha chains. Gly-X-Y with glycine and proline or hydroxyproline) RER translation--> modification ( OH, glycosyl), folding--> cleavage of N and C terminals--> assembly and cross-linking with other collagens
28
Ehlers-danlos
Etiology: mutation that interferes with structure, production, processing or assembly of collagen Sxs: fragile skin that is very elastic and prone to scarring. Extremely flexible joints, severe scoliosis Associations: collagen in blood vessels --> rupture of blood vessels, intestines and uterus
29
Marfan syndrome
Etiology: Mutation in fibrillin (autosoma dominant) Signs: Tall and thin, long limbs, scoliosis, flexible joints, nearsigtedness, ectopia lentis, striae, arotic dilation or aneurysm, mitral valve prolapse
30
Would healing
Hemostasis: vasoconstriction Inflammation: erythema, heat, edema, pain Proliferation: fibroblasts proliferate and synthesize collagen and MMP Maturation: inflammatory cells are cleared. Collagen undergoes resorption and deposition to remodel
31
Structural components of subcutaneous fat
Below dermis ( derived from mesoderm) Adipocytes: synthesize and store lipids in cytoplasm
32
Erythema nodosum
Acquired disorder cause is usually idiopathic but infectious cause is common (Strep), Oral contraceptives, sarcoidosis, IBD, maliganacy can also trigger Sxs: tender, red nodules that arise on shins that starts as crops that involute)
33
Morphea
Localized scleroderma: autoimmune acquired disease Characteristics: sclerosis (thickening of collagen) Sxs: erythematous; indurated plaques Associations: more common in females
34
Systemic Sclerosis
Acquired autoimmune disease Characteristic: sclerosis 2 types: limited and diffuse systemic sclerosis Limited: CREST syndrome (Calcinosis cutis, Raynaud, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia) Systemic: widespread sclerosis, w/ pulmonary fibrosis, renal failure, GI disease, cardiac disease
35
Direct Immunofluorescence
Helps detects Ig and C3 ON biopsy specimens. Sample from PERI-lesional skin.
36
Indirect Immunofluorescence
Detects CIRCULATING antibodies against BMZ in SERUM. Serum is applied to human skin. Antibody complexed to fluorescein conjugated antibody and visualized
37
Structure of BMZ
Hemidesmosomes Lamina Lucida Lamina densa Sublamina densa
38
Hemidesmosomes (important proteins)
Attach cell to ECM BP 230 (BP1) BP 180 (BP2)= Type 17 collagen: connect basal keratinocytes and cytoskeleton to dermal collagen Type 7 (via laminin 332)
39
Lamina Lucida
thin, translucent layer
40
Lamina Densa
Composed of type 4 collagen and laminins 332 (laminin 5): binds to hemidesmosome (integrin a6b4) and to type 7 collagen (NC-1)
41
Sublamina Densa
Type 7 collagen: anchoring fibrils Necessary to maintain epidermal-dermal cohesion ( binds to both type I and type IV collagen)
42
Bullous Pemphigoid (BP)
Autoimmune Bullous dermatosis--> antibodies to BP1 and BP 2 causes subepithelial blisters Association: primary in eldery Sxs: TENSE blisters with serous fluid DIF: linear deposits of IgG and C3 on BMZ IIF: staining of epidermal side
43
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (MMP)
Autoimmune--> antibodies to BP180 (BP230, integrin B4, laminin 332) DIP: linear deposits of IgG and C3 in BMZ IIF: epidermal/dermal staining, dermal side (anti-laminin 332)
44
Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis against Type VII collagen Sight trauma--> blistering and erosion Characteried by fibrosis of hands and feet DIF: IgG and C3 along BMZ IIF: dermal side
45
Epidermolysis Bullosa
Mutations in genes of BMZ proteins Simplex: Keratins 5 and 14 Junctional: laminin 332 and BP180 in BMZ Dystrophic: Type VII collagen of dermis

FPP MSS (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions