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MST/CT Flashcards

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1
Q

desmosome? structural support via ?

A

macula adherens;

via keratin

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2
Q

rotator cuff mm innervated by what nn?

why is supraspinatus vulnerable ?

A

C5-C6 //

b/c b/w acromion and humerus head

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3
Q

dislocation of lunate may cause?

A

acute carpal tunnel syndome

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4
Q

brachial plexus is protect from injury by ?

A

by subclavius muscle

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5
Q

clavicle mm ?

A

subclavius and deltoid (lat inf); trapezius (lat inf);

SCM (med sup); pectoralis major (med inf)

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6
Q

axillary nerve w/ anterior circumflex humeral aa injury - which joint most commonly dislocated ?

A

glenohumeral joint, esply anterior dislocation b/c shallow articulation b/w humeral head and glenoid fossa of scapula

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7
Q

radial nn in spinal groove travels w/ ?

median nn damaged how and travels w/ ?

A

deep brachial aa /

brachial aa ; compressed by supracondylar fracture of humerus; pronator teres syndrome

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8
Q

radial nerve (deep branch) damaged how ?

A

stretched by subluxation of radius; nursemaid’s elbow b/c annular ligament torn in kids <5 y/o

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9
Q

anterior interosseus nn damaged how ?

ulnar nerve damaged how ?

A

compressed in deep forearm //

heel of hand trauma; fracture of hook of hamate

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10
Q

klumpke’s palsy and thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

(C8, T1) ;
atrophy of thenar and hypothenar; atrophy of interosseous mm; sensory deficits on medial side of forearm and hand; radial pulse gone w/ head to ipsi side

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11
Q

axillary nn ? musculocutaneous ? ulnar ??

radial and median ?

A

C5 6 ; C5-7 ; C8-T1 //
all
(median nn does opposition of thumb)

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12
Q

pope’s blessing and ape hand ?

A

proximal median nn lesion = can not make fist

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13
Q

long thoracic nn ?

A

C5 - C7

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14
Q

which nn for opposition of thumb ?

which nn for thumb extensioon and abduction ?

A

median nn //

radial nn

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15
Q

obturator (L2-L4) damaged how ?

A

anterior hip dislocation

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16
Q

femoral (L2-L4) damaged how and sensory deficits ?

A

pelvis fracture /

anterior thigh; medial leg (saphenous nn)

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17
Q

common peroneal (L4-S2) damaged how and sensory deficits ?

A

trauma or compression of lateral aspect of leg or fibula neck fracture //
antero (deep nn) lateral (superficial nn) leg and dorsal foot

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18
Q

tibial nn (L4-S3) damaged how and travels where ?

A

knee trauma ; courses thru popliteal fossa w/ popliteal aa vv

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19
Q

osteoblasts differentiate from?

vs osteoclasts ?

A

mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum //

multinucleated, diff from monocytes/ macros

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20
Q

glucocorticoids contraindicated in what?

A

type II osteoporosis;

most common site is vertebral bodies - spongy bone

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21
Q

dec CA, inc ALP seen in ?

mutations (e.g. carbonic anhydrase II) impair ability of osteoclast to generate acidic environment in ?

A

osteopetrosis (marble bone disease)

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22
Q

inc BF from inc AV shunts may cause high output heart failure in ?

A

paget’s disease of bone (osteitis deformans)

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23
Q

McCune-Albright Syndome? - polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

A

multiple unilateral bone lesions assoc w/ endocrine abnorms (precocious puberty) and cafe-au-lait spots

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24
Q

osteomyelitis seeds where in kids vs adults ?

A

kids - metaphysis;

adults - epiphysis

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25
chondrosarcoma ?
expansile glistening mass w/in medullary cavity
26
translocation in ewing's sarcoma ?
t (11;22)
27
osteoid osteoma?
usually in diaphysis; radiolucent focus surrounded by slerotic bone; nocturnal pain relieved by aspirin!
28
subchondral cysts, osteophytes in ?
osteoarthritis
29
pannus formation, baker's cyst (in political fossa) anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody is more specific ; inc synovial fluid, symmetric in ?
RA (type 3 HS); assoc w/ HLA DR4
30
juvenile RA ?
before age 16, inc likelihood of systemic onset, large joint involvement, and ANA+
31
sjogren's syndrome ? type HS and what infiltrates ?
type 4 HS w/ fibrosis ; lymphocytes infiltration
32
in gout what phagocytosizes the uric acid crystals ?
neutrophils
33
in pseudogout, what kind of crystals ?
basophilic, rhomboid
34
SLE most common CV syndrome ? most common cause of death ? | most sensitive marker ? vs very specific vs for drug induced lupus ?
pericarditis // nephritis, also infection // ANA, dsDNA, antiSM (not prognostic) ; antihistone Abs
35
urticaria?
superficial dermal edema; no epidermal changes
36
munro microabscesses seen in ? and auspitz sign ?
munro = neutros in stratum corneum; Auspitz sign- pinpoint bleeding spots; seen in psoriasis ; also inc stratum spinosum, dec stratum granulosum
37
spongiosis seen in ?
allergic contact dermatitis (epidermal accum of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces)
38
pemphigus vulgaris involves? Nikolsky's sign?
involves skin and oral mucosa; IgG Ab against demoglein 3; Nikolsky's sign - sep of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
39
bullous pemphigold, what are in tense blisters?
eosinophils; | IgG Ab against hemidesmosomes
40
erythema multiforme assoc w/ ?
infections (mycoplasma pneumo, HSV), | drugs (sulfa drgs, Beta-lactams, phenytoin)
41
erythema nodosum is and assoc w/ ?
inflamm lesions of subQ fat usually anterior shins; | sarcoidosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, TB, strept, leprosy and Crohn's disease
42
Lichen planus? where ? assoc w/ ?
commonly on wrists, elbows, oral mucosa // sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal-epidermal junction; assoc w/ hepatitis C.
43
in staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), extoxin destroys?
keratinocyte attachments in stratum granulosum only! | vs TEN is at epiderm derm junction
44
melanoma often driven by?
activating mutation in BRAF kinase ; | superficial spreading, nodular melanoma, lentigomaligna, acrolentiginous
45
metastatic or unresectable melanoma in pts w/ BRAF V600E mutation may benefit from ?
vemurafenib
46
calcipotriene? vs acitretin ?
topical vit D analog for psoriasis // for systemic psoriasis both activate nuclear transc factors
47
febuxostat mech ?
inhibits xanthine oxidase == like allopurinol !
48
probenecid mech ?
inhibits reabs of uric acid in PCT; | also inhibits secretion of penicillin
49
etanercept mech ?
fusion protein (R for TNF-alpha + IgG1 Fc
50
in sarcoidosis, epithelial granulomas contain ?
microscopic Schaumann and asteroid bodies
51
osteonecrosis most common site is ?
femoral head
52
ankylosing spondylitis comps ?
ankylosis, uveitis, aortic regurg
53
polymyositis vs dermatomyositis ?
CD8 T cells vs CD4 T cells
54
scleroderma most likely cause of death ? marker ?
``` pulm scl70 Ab (anti DNA topoisom I Ab) ```
55
acanthosis ?
epidermal hyperplasia , inc spinosum; in acanthosis nigricans and psoriasis
56
melanocytic nevus - intradermal vs junctional ?
``` intradermal = most common in adults; papular / junctional = most common in children, flat macules at dermal epi junction ```
57
bullous impetigo usually caused by ?
staph aureus
58
cellulitis ?
painful, acute spreading infection of dermis and subQ tiss
59
celecoxib spares platelet fxn b/c?
TXA2 prod is dependent on COX1 !
60
lateral epicondyitis ?
tennis elbow = overuse of superficial extensor mm
61
most common of lateral ligaments of foot to be injured ?
anterior talofibular ligament (lateral weaker than medial) ; usually from inversion and plantarflexion

MSK/CT (1 decks)

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