Mste Flashcards
(265 cards)
1
Q
It is nothing more than a column driving into the soil to support a structure by transferring building loads to a deeper and stronger layer of soil rock
A
Piles
2
Q
This sign in forms and advise road users of the directions,distance routes, the location of services for the road users and point of intersect
A
Guide sign
3
Q
Ways of avoiding traffic conflicts
A. Grde separation
B. Space sharing
C. Time sharing
D. All of the above
A
D
4
Q
The difference between the actual travel time of a given segment of a transportation system and some ideal travel time for the segment
A
Delay
5
Q
Cracks of proximately at right angle to the pavement center line this may be caused by shrinkage or differential thermal stress of the asphalt concrete or maybe reflective cracks
A
Transverse cracks
6
Q
The provisions of safety site distance depends on the characteristic of the road environment such as
I. Road geometry
II. Road surface
III. Road illumination at night
Iv. Topography
A. II AND IV
B. I AND IV
C. All of theabove
D. I, II, III
A
C
7
Q
One of the provisions of safety site distance depends on the characteristic of the vehicle which are follows
I. Type of vehicles car or truck
II. Friction between the tire and the road
III. EYESIGHT OF THE DRIVER
IV. Speed of vehicle
A. II and III
B. IV
C. All of the above
D. III
A
A
8
Q
To level a floor or layer of concrete with a straight and choosing a back and forth motion while moving across the surface
A
Screeding
9
Q
Owing to the retardation of the tidal wave in the ocean by frictional force as the earth revolved daily around its axis and as the tide tends to follow the direction of the moon the highest tide for each location is not coincidence with conjunction and opposition but occurs at some constant time after new and full moon. This interval which may amount to as much as 2.5 days is known as
A
Age of tides
10
Q
Wearing way of the pavement surface caused by dislodging of aggregate particles and binders. This is usually it is a result of insufficient asphalt binders in the mix or stripping of asphalt from particles of algorithms
A
Raveling
11
Q
The most important process to prepare concrete
A
Batching
12
Q
A ttst to determine the relative consistency of concrete
A
Slump test
13
Q
These are written instructions detailing how the facility is to be constructed
A
Specification
14
Q
These are circumstances or deviation from standard condition which could permit an occurrence of accident or incident
A
Risk
15
Q
It is the single most important environmental factor in the broad field of coastal engineering
A
Wave
16
Q
It is a construction operation that concrete should be protected so that moisture is not lost during the early stages of hardening and it should be kept at a temperature that will promote hydration and also protect against injury from subsequent construction activities
A
Curing
17
Q
It is a combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event which specified circumstances and the severity of injury or damage of health of the people,property, environment for any combination of this caused by the event
A
Risk
18
Q
What is the worst condition which should be considered in relation to the design of Costal defence works
A. Position in relation to still water level
B. Offshore wave climate
C. Extreme wave height
D. Combination of unusually high sea level and severe wave action
A
D. Combination of unusually high sea level and severe wave action
19
Q
Waves are formed by the fictional drug of when the cross the water surface. This is a process of transferring energy from wind to water water particles are moved from their position by the wind and then return to the original position by gravity which is restoring force this waves are called
A
Gravity waves
20
Q
Which of the following is more accurate parameter of traffic capacity; volume or density and why?
A. Volume is more accurate: only volume is a function of cars in a given length of roadway
B. Density is more accurate: only density is a function of cars in a given length of roadway
C. Volume is more accurate: only volume has units of time
D. Density is more accurate: only density has units of time
A
B
21
Q
Which of the following are the concept of safe design for construction?
I. The design of structure to be built
Ii. There’s some system to be included in the structure ( electrical, mechanical, plumbing etc.)
Iii. The equipment involved in building the structure
IV. The inside facilities such as man lifts, elevators, concrete batch plants and rock crushing or gravel processing or asphalt plants
V. The manpower of structure
A. All of the above
B. I,II,III
C.I,II,III,IV
D. I,III,IV,V
A
D
22
Q
It occur as concrete hardens being greater in wet mixes curing helps to limit effects and therefore concrete in the actual structure should be thoroughly and continuously moistened for some considerable period after placing
A
Shrinkage
23
Q
The single initial application of bituminous material to an existing bituminous, portland concrete, or block surface or base is called
A
Prime coat
24
Q
The idea capacity of road in vehicles per hour is
A
2000 vph
25
Which of the following satisfy the requirement for estimating expected activity times in a PERT network?
I. Make use of three estimates
II. Puts The greatest Sweet on the most likely times estimate
III. Is motivated by the beta distribution
All of the above
26
The sound Creeks and groans that one hears inside the buildings are in fact materials response to external stimuli such as heat, wind and gravity loads. These stimuli falls into four categories what are these major properties that exhibit by materials?
Mechanical, thermal, electrical and chemical
27
In the standard practice of measuring vertical or zenith angles the following practices are great importance
I. Be sure the instrument is level
II. Sight with vertical crosshair
III. Sight EXACTLY ON THE TARGET
IV. Sight direct and reverse
A. I only
B. I,III,IV only
C. All of the above
D. I and III only
B
28
It is the probability of a mechanism that will function satisfactory. If the mechanism is to operate in terminally and briefly it is also refers to performance on a given occasion. **If the mechanism is to operate continuously it refers its performance for a specific period of time.**
Reliability
29
Which of the following is the calculation of the probability that the critical path Will be completed by the time T?
I. Assumes that the activity times are the statistically independent
II. Assumes that the total time of the critical path has approximately beta distribution
III. Requires knowledge of the standard deviation for all activities in the network
A. I only
B. All of the above
C. III ONLY
D. II inly
D
30
Compacting applies energy to soil the consolidate it by compressing air voids to increase the soils dry density. Which of these are the objectives of proper compacting
I. Minimize settling
II. Increase The soils load bearing characteristics
III. INCREASES SOIL STABILITY
IV. Reduces water penetration
V. Protect slope that will drain water away
A. 1, 3, 4, 5
B. 1, 2 ,3, 4
C. 2, 3, 4, 5
D. All of these
B
31
When the **train passes on curbs which have no super elevation** it will give the thrust on the
Inner side of outer rail
32
Of all paths through the network the critical path
Has the maximum expected time
33
Which of all the following are true statements
1. All symmetric histograms had single peaks
2. All symmetric bell shape curves are normal
3. All normal curves are bell shape and symmetric
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D all of the above
B
34
In the measures of **congestion** of **highway** capacity, what will happen as the **density** continues to **increase**?
A. Running speed and traffic flow is minimum
B. The point is reached at which speed declines noticeably
C. Minimum rate flow is eventually reached
D. Increase speeds and reduced flow rate
**The point is reached at which speed declines noticeably**
35
Device **mounted** on a **fixed** support (permanent signs) or **portable** support (temporary signs) whereby a specific **message** is conveyed by means of words or symbols placed or erected for the purpose of **regulating**, **warning** or **guiding** traffic
A. Special instruction signs
B. Roadwork signs
C. Traffic signs
D. Overhead signs
**Traffic signs**
36
**Warn** or **advise** of **temporary** hazardous conditions that could endanger road users or the men and equipment engaged on **roadwork**
**Roadwork signs**
37
Signs that **instruct** road users to meet certain traffic rule **requirements** or road condition
**Special instruction signs**
38
What is the process of proportioning the **cement**, **water**, **aggregates** and **additives** prior to mixing concrete called?
A. Batching
B. Curing
C. Paving
D. Mixing
**Batching**
39
What is the **crucial** step in the production of concrete as it ensures that the **correct** proportions of materials are used to achieve the desired **strength**, **durability**, and **workability** of the final product?
**Batching**
40
What is the process that typically involves weighing or measuring out the **cement**, **water**, **aggregates**, and **additives** according to a **predetermined** recipe or mix design?
**Batching**
41
**True or False**
It is important to ensure that the batching process is done **accurately** and **consistently** to ensure the **quality** and **consistency** of the final product. Any **variation** in the proportions of materials used can result in **changes** to the properties of the concrete, which can affect its **strength**, **durability**, and **workability**
**True**
42
A wave generated in deep water, when reaching shoaling waters, charges **not** only in its height but also in its length but the period will
A. Decrease
B. Remain constant
C. None of these
D. Increase
**Decrease**
43
A wave generated in deep water, when **reaching shoaling waters**, charges **not** only in its height but also in its length but the period will **decrease**, this phenomenon is known as what?
**Wave shoaling**
44
**True or False**
When a **wave** generated in deep water enters **shallow** water, the wave encounters a **change** in water depth which causes the wave to **slow down**. As the wave slows down, the wave length **decreases** and the wave height **increases**, which results in a **steeper** wave profile. However, the period of wave, which is the time it takes for one complete wave cycle to pass a given point, will **decrease**. This is because the speed of the wave is **directly** related to the water depth, and as the water depth **decreases**, the wave speed **decreases** as well. Since the period of the wave is determined by the **wave speed** and **wave length**, a **decrease** in wave speed results in a **decrease** in wave period
**True**
45
**True or False**
It is important for **engineers** and **coastal managers **to understand **wave shoaling** in order to design structures and manage coastal environments in a way that **minimizes** risk to human life and property
**True**
46
A **maximum** wave height and wave period of the maximum wave height in wave train
A. Significant wave
B. Highest wave
C. Equivalent depth water wave height
D. Deep water wave
**Significant wave**
47
What is defined as the **average** height of the highest **one-third** of waves in a wave train?
**Significant wave**
48
What is commonly used as a **measure** of the **overall wave height and energy** in a **sea state**?
**Significant wave**
49
What is often reported in **weather forecasts** and **marine navigation charts**?
**Significant wave**
50
** What is the **average time** between the crests of the **highest** one-third of waves in a wave train?
**Significant wave period**
51
**True or False**
**Significant wave height** and **significant wave period** are important for marine safety and design of coastal structures and also to offshore operations such as **oil** and **gas exploration** and **wind energy production**
**True**
52
When directly generated and affected by **local winds**, a **wind wave system** is called:
A. Wind sea
B. Wind seiching
C. Wind wakes
D. Wind swell
**Wind sea**
53
What are typically caused when **strong winds** and rapid changes in **atmospheric pressure** **push** water from one end of a body of water to the other?
**Seiches**
54
What are created by the wind **blowing above** the ocean close to the shore?
**Wind swells**
55
When **directly** generated and affected by **local wind**, a wind wave system is called a what?
**Wind sea**
56
A property of a material which it has the **same** composition at every point but the **elastic** property may **not** be same in all directions
A. Homogenous
B. Orthotropic
C. Prismatic
D. Isotropic
**Isotropic**
57
A property of a material that has the **same** elastic properties in **all** directions
A. Homogenous
B. Orthotropic
C. Prismatic
D. Isotropic
**Homogenous**
58
A property of a material in which the composition material exhibits **elastic** properties in **one** direction **different** from that in **perpendicular direction**
A. Homogenous
B. Orthotropic
C. Prismatic
D. Isotropic
**Orthotropic**
59
What are the materials whose properties **remain** the same when tested in **different** directions?
**Isotropic** materials
60
What are the materials which display **varying** properties when tested in **different** directions?
**Anisotropic** materials
61
What are the (3) common **isotropic** materials?
1. **Glass**
2. **Plastics**
3. **Metals**
62
If the **mechanical** or **thermal** properties of a material are **unique** and **independent** in (3) mutually perpendicular directions, it is considered as what?
**Orthotropic**
63
What are the materials that have **uniform** composition throughout that **cannot** be mechanically disjointed, in principle, into different materials?
**Homogenous** materials
64
What is the term that simply means the **cross-section** is the **same** at **any** location across the **long** axis of the beam?
**Prismatic**
65
Which of the following describes the **location** of an **earthquake** besides epicenter
A. Fault line
B. Dip angle
C. Ground displacement
D. Focal depth
**Focal depth**
66
What is a **fracture plane** in the earth's **crust** across which relative displacement has occurred?
**Fault line**
67
What is the **angle** of a **formation** referenced from the **horizontal** plane?
**Dip angle**
68
What pertains to how **far** the surface moves **during** the **earthquake**?
**Ground displacement**
69
**Seismometer** measures?
A. Actual displacement
B. Components of ground motion
C. Reference point
D. Attenuation
**Components of ground motion**
70
A **seismometer** (which may be a **pendulum** or a **mass** mounted on a spring) is the **internal** part of what intrument?
**Seismograph**
71
**True or False**
**Seismometer** is often used synonymously with **seismograph**
**True**
72
What are the **instruments** used to **record** the **motion** of the **ground** **during** an **earthquake**?
**Seismograph**
73
A **Richter scale** measures _ of an **earthquake**
A. Magnitude
B. Intensity
C. Drift
D. Amplitude
**Magnitude**
74
**True or False**
**Richter scale** is **qualitative** measure of an earthquake's **magnitude** (size)
**False**, **Richter scale** is a **quantitative** measure of an earthquake's **magnitude** (size)
75
The earthquake's **magnitude** is determined using what?
Logarithm of the **amplitude (height)** of the **largest** seismic wave calibrated to a scale by a **seismograph**
76
What refers to the **probability** that a **system**, **product**, or **process** will function **properly** for a specified period of time and under specified conditions?
**Reliability**
77
What is the **measure** of the ability of a system to perform its **intended** function **without** failure?
**Reliability**
78
What is the **period of time** required for the **profit** or other **benefits** of an investment to **equal** the **cost** of the investment?
**Payback period**
79
What is an economic concept that refers to the amount of **money** an individual or society is willing to **pay** to **reduce** the risk of **premature death**?
**Value of a statistical life (VSL)**
80
**VSL** is typically measured by estimating the _ of individuals or society to **reduce** the **probability** of **death** by a **small** amount
**Willingness-to-pay (WTP)**
81
What is the **force** required to **overcome** the friction between the **tires** and the **ground**?
**Rolling resistance**
82
What represents the component of **vehicle weight** which acts **parallel** to an **inclined** surface?
**Grade resistance**
83
It is nothing more than a column driven into the soil to **support** a structure by **transferring** building loads to a **deeper** and **stronger** layer of **soil** or **rock**
A. Caisson
B. Shoring
C. Pier
D. Pile
**Pile**
84
What is a **watertight structure** that is used to carry out **construction** or **repair work** in the **water**, particularly in the construction of **bridges**, **dams**, and other **large** structures?
**Caisson**
85
What is a **box-like** structure made of **reinforced concrete** or **steel** that is **open** at the **bottom** and **closed** at the **top**?
**Caisson**
86
What is a **temporary support system** used in construction to provide **temporary structural support** to an **existing structure** or **excavation**?
**Shoring**
87
What is typically used to **prevent** collapse or instability **during** construction work, such as **excavation**, **demolition**, or **renovation** of a **building**?
**Shoring**
88
What refers to a **raised** platform or structure that **extends out** over a body of water, such as **river**, **harbor**, or **ocean**, and provides a **docking point** for ships to load and unload cargo or passengers?
**Pier**
89
This **sign** **informs** and **advise** road users of the **directions**, **distances**, **routes**, the **location** of services for the road users and point of interest
A. Advance direction sign
B. Guide sign
C. Traffic instruction sign
D. Crossroad sign
**Guide sign**
90
What are used to provide **information** to road users about **routes**, **directions**, **distances**, **points of interest**, and the **location of services** such as **gas stations**, **rest areas**, **hospitals**, and **hotels**?
**Guide sign**
91
What are usually placed on **highways**, **expressways**, and other **major** roads to **help** drivers **navigate** and **plan** their trips?
**Guide sign**
92
What are the (3) places where **guide signs** are usually placed?
1. **Highways**
2. **Expressways**
3. Other **major** roads
93
What is a type of traffic sign used to provide **information**, **guidance** or **instructions** to **road users**?
**Traffic instruction sign**
94
What are the **signs** that are typically used to indicate **speed limits**, **direction of travel**, **lane usage, parking regulations**, and **other** traffic regulations?
**Traffic institution sign**
95
What are the (2) characteristics of **traffic institution signs**?
1. Usually **rectangular** in shape
2. Designed with **bold**, **easy-to-read** lettering and symbols (to convey their message clearly and quickly to drivers)
96
**True or False**
**Traffic institution signs** are **not** an important component of traffic control systems and does **not** help ensure safe and efficient traffic flow
**False**, **traffic institution signs** are an **important** component of traffic control systems and **help** ensure safe and efficient traffic flow
97
Ways of **avoiding** traffic conflicts
A. Grade separation
B. Space-sharing
C. Time-sharing
D. All of these
**All of these**
98
What involves **separating** conflicting flows of traffic **vertically**, such as through the use of **overpasses** or **underpasses**?
**Grade separation**
99
What are the (2) examples of **grade separation**?
Use of:
1. **Overpasses**
2. **Underpasses**
100
What involves **sharing** the **same space** with other road users, such as through the use of **shared lanes** or **bike lanes**?
**Space-sharing**
101
What involves **allocating different times** for **different flows** of traffic, such as through the use of **reversible lanes** or **time-of-day restrictions**?
**Time-sharing**
102
What are the (2) examples of **time-sharing**?
Use of:
1. **Reversible lanes**
2. **Time-of-day restrictions**
103
What involves providing **separate** facilities for **different** types of traffic, such as **bike lanes**, **sidewalks**, and **medians**?
**Separating traffic**
104
What **regulates** the **movement** of **vehicles** and **pedestrians** at **intersections** to avoid conflicts?
**Traffic signals**
105
What are **circular intersections** that move traffic in a **counterclockwise** direction, **eliminating left turns** and **reducing** the **number** of **conflict points**?
**Roundabouts**
106
What are structures that carry (1) mode of transportation **over** another, such as **overpasses** and **underpasses**, to **avoid** conflicts at intersections?
**Grade separations**
107
**Reducing** speed limits in areas with **high pedestrian** or **bicycle traffic** can help to **reduce** the risk of conflicts
**Speed limits**
108
**Clear** and **visible** signs and markings can **help** drivers and pedestrians understand the **rules** of the road and **avoid** conflicts
**Proper signage and markings**
109
Providing **education** and **awareness campaigns** can help to promote **safe** behaviors and **reduce** conflicts on the road
**Education and awareness**
110
The **difference** between the **actual** travel time of a given segment of a transportation system and some ideal travel time for that segment
A. Travel time
B. Service time
C. Queue time
D. Delay
**Delay**
111
What is the other term for "**delay**"?
**Travel time delay**
112
What is a measure of the **additional** time that a **traveler** spends on a trip **compared** to the expected or ideal travel time for that trip?
**Travel time delay**
113
**True or False**
**Delay** can have significant impacts on transportation systems and users, including **travel costs**, **reduced reliability**, and **decreased accessibility**. It is often used as a **key** performance indicator in transportation planning and managements, and efforts are made to **reduce** delay through various strategies such as **traffic management**, **route optimization**, and **travel demand management**
**True**
114
What is the **time** a **vehicle** spends **waiting** in a **queue**, such as in **traffic** or at a **toll booth**?
**Queue time**
115
What is the **average** or **total time** that a **vehicle** spends in a **queue** during a certain period, such as **rush hour** or **peak travel times**?
**Queue time**
116
**True or False**
**Reducing** queue time is often a **goal** of transportation planning and management, as it can **improve safety**, **reduce emissions**, and **increase efficiency** of the **transportation system**
**True**
117
**Cracks** approximately at **right** angles to the pavement centerline. These may be caused by **shrinkage** or differential **thermal stress** of the **asphalt** or **concrete** or maybe **reflective cracks**
A. Transverse cracks
B. Longitudinal cracks
C. Alligator crack
D. Block crack
**Transverse cracks**
118
What is a type of **distress** in **asphalt** pavement that appears as a series of **interconnected** cracks resembling an **alligator's skin**?
**Alligator crack**
119
What is the type of **cracking** that is usually caused by a **combination** of factors such as **aging**, **poor drainage**, **heavy traffic loads**, and **inadequate pavement thickness**?
**Alligator crack**
120
What is considered a **severe** type of distress that can lead to **potholes** and **structural failure** of the pavement if **left untreated**?
**Alligator cracking**
121
What is a type of **pavement distress** that appears as **interconnected rectangular cracks**, resembling a **block pattern**?
**Block crack**
122
What type of pavement distress is caused by the **shrinkage** of the **asphalt concrete surface** due to **temperature changes** or **aging** of the pavement, and it can also be due to **poor** construction practices or **inadequate** design?
**Block crack**
123
What can **reduce** the **skid resistance** of the pavement surface and can lead to **water infiltration**, which can **accelerate** the **rate of pavement deterioration**?
**Block cracking**
124
What are **cracks** in a pavement that run **parallel** to the direction of **traffic flow** or the **pavement centerline**?
**Longitudinal cracks**
125
Aside from the combination of (4) factors that can cause longitudinal cracks, what are the **other** (2) causes of **longitudinal cracks**?
1. **Shrinkage** of the **asphalt concrete**
2. **Reflective cracking** from an **underlying** layer
126
If left **untreated**, **longitudinal cracks** can allow **water** to **penetrate** the pavement, which can lead to **further damage**, what are these (2) further damages?
1. **Potholes**
2. **Base failures**
127
The **provision** of **safety sight distance** depends on the characteristics of the **road environment** such as:
I. Road geometry
II. Road surface
III. Road illumination at night
IV. Road topography
A. II and IV only
B. I and IV only
C. All of the above
D. I, II, and III only
**All of the above**
128
**True or False**
**Road geometry**, **road surface conditions**, **road illumination at night**, and **road topography** are the factors that can **impact** the ability of **drivers** to **see** and **respond** to potential **hazards** on the road, so they must be **considered** when **designing** safe **roads** and **highways**
**True**
129
One of the **provisions** of **safety sight distance** depends on the characteristics of the **vehicle** which are as follows:
I. Type of vehicles, car, or truck
II. Friction between the tire and the road
III. Eye height of the driver
IV. Speed of vehicle
A. II and III only
B. IV only
C. All of the above
D. III only
**II and III only**
130
What is the **distance** required for a **driver** to **see** an object in their **path** and bring their **vehicle** to a **stop** before colliding with the object?
**Safety sight distance**
131
The **value** of **safety sight distance** depends on what (3) various factors?
1. **Speed** of the **vehicle**
2. **Driver's reaction time**
3. **Braking distance** of the **vehicle**
132
**True or False**
The characteristics of the **vehicle**, such as its **type** and the **friction** between the tires and the road **cannot** affect the **required safety sight distance**
**False**, the characteristics of the **vehicle**, such as its **type** and the **friction** between the tires and the road **can** also affect the **required safety sight distance**
133
**True or False**
I. Type of vehicles, car, or truck
II. Friction between the tire and the road
III. Eye height of the driver
IV. Speed of vehicle
Among the given choices, options **II** and **III** are characteristics of the vehicle that can affect the required safety sight distance, while options **I** and **IV** can also affect the required safety sight distance, but they are not characteristics of the vehicle itself
**True**
134
To **level** a **floor** or **layer of concrete** with a **straight** edge using a **back-and-forth** motion while moving **across** the surface
A. Floating
B. Trowelling
C. Finishing
D. Screeding
**Screeding**
135
What is the process of **leveling** a **layer** of **concrete**, **mortar**, or **other** material with a **straight edge** or **screed board**?
**Screeding**
136
The **screed board** is typically made of what (3) materials?
1. **Wood**
2. **Aluminum**
3. **Magnesium**
137
**True or False**
During screeding, the screed board is moved across the surface of the material, typically from (1) end to the other, using a sawing or back-and-forth motion. This motion helps to distribute the material evenly across the surface and to smooth out any bumps or irregularities
**True**
138
**After** screeding, the surface is typically **finished** with a what?
**Trowel** or **float**
139
**After** screeding, what are the (2) purposes of **finishing** the surface with a **trowel** or **float**?
1. To **remove** any remaining **imperfections**
2. To create a **smooth**, **level** surface
140
What is the **important** step in the construction of **concrete slabs**, **floors**, and other **flat** surfaces, and it requires **skill** and **attention** to detail to achieve a high-quality finished product?
**Screeding**
141
What is a **finishing** technique used in **concrete** construction to **smooth** and **level** the surface of **freshly** poured concrete?
**Trowelling**
142
What is a **hand** tool with a **flat** blade used to **apply**, **spread**, and **smooth** **concrete**, **plaster**, or **other** materials?
**Trowel**
143
In **concrete** construction, **after** the **concrete** is **poured** and **screeded**, what is typically done once the surface is **firm** enough to **support** the **weight** of a worker **without sinking** in or **leaving footprints**?
**Trowelling**
144
What are the (2) processes of trowelling that helps to create a **durable**, **dense**, and **smooth** surface finish on the **concrete**?
Trowelling process can be done with a:
1. **Hand-held** trowel
2. **Power** trowel
145
What is a concrete **finishing** process where a **large**, **flat-bladed** tool is used to **level** and **smooth** the surface of **freshly** poured concrete?
**Floating**
146
What is the **large**, **flat-bladed** tool used in **floating**?
**Float**
147
When is **floating** typically done?
**After** the initial **screeding** process
148
What are the (2) purposes of **floating** after the initial **screeding** process?
1. To **remove** any surface **imperfections**
2. **Consolidate** the **concrete** surface
149
**True or False**
**Floating** helps to create a **smooth**, **dense**, and **uniform** surface that is **ready** for **further finishing** or **sealing**
**True**
150
**True or False**
**Finishing** in the context of **concrete construction** refers to the **initial** stage in which the surface of the concrete is **treated** to achieve the desired **appearance**, **texture**, and **durability**
**False**, **finishing** in the context of **concrete construction** refers to the **final** stage in which the surface of the concrete is **treated** to achieve the desired **appearance**, **texture**, and **durability**
151
**True or False**
In addition to the **functional** benefits of finishing, a **well-finished** concrete surface can also **enhance** the **overall** look and value of a structure
**True**
152
Owing to the **retardation** of the **tidal wave** in the ocean by frictional force, as the earth revolved **daily** around its axis and as the tides tends to follow the direction of the moon, the **highest** tide for each location is not coincident with conjunction and opposition but occurs at some constant time after new and full moon. This **interval** which may amount to as much as **2.5 days** is known as:
A. Semi-diurnal tide
B. Age of tides
C. Lunar tide
D. Diurnal tide
**Age of tides**
153
What is the **interval** which may amount to as much as **2.5 days** between the **highest** tide for each **location** and **new or full moon**?
**Age of tides**
154
What is a type of **tidal pattern** characterized by a **single high tide** and a **single low tide** in a **tidal day**, which lasts for **24 hours and 50 minutes**?
**Diurnal tide**
155
**True or False**
In a **diurnal tide**, the **difference** between high and low tide is usually **not** as great as in other types of tides, such as **semi-diurnal tides**, which have **(2) high tides** and **(2) low tides** in a **tidal day**
**True**
156
What is the regular **rise** and **fall** of **sea levels** caused by the **gravitational pull** of the **Moon** on the Earth's oceans?
**Lunar tides**
157
What is the pattern of tidal fluctuations characterized by **(2) high tides** and **(2) low tides** of approximately **equal** size occurring in a **24-hour** period?
**Semi-diurnal tides**
158
**Wearing way** of the pavement surface caused by **dislodging** of aggregate particles and binder. This is usually a result of **insufficient** asphalt binder in the mix or **stripping** of asphalt from particles of aggregate.
A. Raveling
B. Bleeding
C. Joint crack spalling
D. Flushing
**Raveling**
159
What is a form of **distress** in **asphalt pavement** characterized by the **upward** movement of asphalt binder in the pavement surface?
**Bleeding**
160
What is the **occurrence** of a **film** of **asphalt binder** on the **pavement**?
**Flushing**
161
**True or False**
**Flushing** is caused by **excessive** application of a **low viscosity** asphalt emulsion or an asphalt binder
**True**
162
What is the **deterioration** or **breaking** of concrete at **joints** or **cracks** due to the effect of **traffic loading**, **temperature changes**, and **freeze-thaw cycles**?
**Joint crack spalling**
163
**Joint crack spalling** can lead to the **disintegration** of the **concrete** around the **joint** or **crack**, causing what?
**Spalling** or **breaking off** of the **edges** of the **concrete**
164
The **most important** process to prepare **concrete**.
A. Batching
B. Admixture
C. Cement-aggregate ratio
D. Water-cement ratio
**Batching**
165
What is the **material** added to **concrete** in addition to **cement**, **water**, and **aggregates** during the **mixing** process?
**Admixture**
166
What are the (5) different **types** of **admixtures**?
1. **Air-entraining agents**
2. **Water-reducing agents**
3. **Accelerating agents**
4. **Retarding agents**
5. **Superplasticizers**
167
A test to determine the **relative consistency** of **concrete**.
A. Water-cement ratio
B. Aggregate-cement ratio
C. All of these
D. Slump test
**Slump test**
168
What measures the **consistency** or **workability** of **fresh** concrete before it sets?
**Slump test**
169
What is the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of cement used in a concrete mix?
**Water-cement ratio**
170
What are the differences between **low water-cement ratio** vs **high water-cement ratio**?
**Low water-cement ratio** (i.e., using **less** water per unit weight of cement| results in **stronger** and **more durable** concrete, but it may also make the concrete more **difficult** to work with and **slow down** the setting time) vs **High water-cement ratio** (i.e., using **more** water per unit weight of cement | results in **easier** workability and **faster** setting time, but it can also lead to **weaker** and **less durable** concrete)
171
These are **written** instructions detailing how the **facility** is to be **constructed**.
A. Plans
B. Estimates
C. Specifications
D. Bid documents
**Specifications**
172
What are set of **written instructions** that describe the technical **requirements**, **materials**, **methods**, and **standards** to be used for the construction of a **facility** or **infrastracture project**?
**Construction specifications**
173
What are an **essential** part of the construction **contract** documents and are used by **contractors** to **bid** on the project and to **guide** the construction work?
**Construction specifications**
174
What are used by **inspectors** and **building officials** to verify that the construction work **meets** the required **standards** and **codes**?
**Construction specifications**
175
176
Signs used to guide drivers through a change in horizontal alignment of the road
Chevron signs
177
The basic lane with appropriate for national road is
3.35
178
Delineation of the road alignment needs to be considered as part of the design process to ensure that adequate guidance is provided to road users. Delineation is generally provided by the use of the following devices:
I. Pavement markings
Ii. Signs
Iii. Guidepost
Iv. Reflected delineators
V. Lighting
Vi. Curb or other physical devices
A. I,II,II AND IV
B. II, III, IV AND VI
C. I,IV,V,VI
D. All of the above
D
179
Operating a motor vehicle on a street or highway can be complex and demanding at times but it can be boring at other times. This range of circumstances coupled with the range of driver capabilities presence a challenge to the highway designer. It is helpful to begin with considering three essential elements such as navigation, guidance, and control is referred to as:
Driving task
180
Signs that inform road users about the directions and distances of destinations on the route they are following are along other roads that intersect their route
Guide signs
181
What are some important properties of queuing diagrams?
I. The slope of the is D departure rate the slope of A is the arrival rate
II. Cumulative departures can never exceed cumulative arrivals can never be above in the queuing diagram
Iii. The departure cannot exceed the service rate or capacity of the service it may be less
Iv. When queue is present the departure rate will equal the service rate. When no queues is present the departure rate will equal the arrival rate. The queue first forms the arrival rate for succeed the service time
A. I,II,III
B. ALL OF THE ABOVE
C. II,III,IV
D.I,II IV
B
182
Any **structure built into the sea but not parallel to the coastline** includes any stage, stairs, landing place, landing stage, jetty, floating barge or pontoon and any bridge or any works connected their weed a bench structural projecting out from the short line
Pier
183
Because concrete is unable to maintain a particular shape before it sets it must be placed in a form or mold in building construction this is called
Formworks
184
What is the capacity requirement for scaffolding
At most four times its weight
185
It is a measure of materials ability to dissipate or deaden mechanical vibrations
Damping
186
It is informal group discussion that focuses on a particular safety issues. This can be used daily to promote department safety cultures as well as to facilitate health and safety discussion on job site is known as
Tool box meeeting
187
protecting employees from cave inns from material that could fall a role from an excavation face or into an excavation or collapse of adjacent structures. This include super system sloping and benching system, shield systems, and other systems that provides in a society protections
Protective system
188
I'm at the protecting workers from cave-ins for excavating the sides on an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal level or steps usually with vertical or new vertical surfaces between levels
Benching
189
A formal or legally binding agreement between two parties is referred to us
Contract
190
It's the first after the completion of construction in the resolution of the majority of punch list and commissioning issues
Turnover of the project
191
This drawing of elevation as its vertical axis and horizontal distance is measured along the certerline of the facility or other reference line as its horizontal axis
Profile
192
If you are preparing a report on PERT CPM network in a construction job what time scheduling should you consider in the preparation of PERT CPM network diagram
A. Pessimistic time
B. Optimistic time
C. Probable time
D. All of the above
D
193
It provides the redial requirements for the materials equipments and workmanship to be incorporated into the project
Specifications
194
The bucket volume fun things within the bucket when the following outline of the bucket side is referred to as
Plate line capacity
195
What are **waves** travelling **across** a body of water where depth is **greater** than **half** the **wavelength** **
**Deep-water waves**
196
What are the **waves** travelling in **water** where depth is **less** than **half** the **wavelength** but **greater** than **one-twentieth** the **wavelength** **
**Transitional waves**
197
What are the **waves** travelling in **water** where **depth** is **less** than **one-twentieth** the **wavelength** **
**Shallow-water waves**
198
What are the **waves** that are **unstable shallow-water waves**?
**Breaking shallow-water waves**
199
What are the **waves** that begin to **break** when the **seas** are **confused** (waves from **mixed** directions) or when the **wind** blows the crests off waves, forming **whitecaps**?
**Breaking deep-water waves**
200
What is the measure of **time** it takes for the **wave cycle** to **complete**?
**Wave period**
201
These are **circumstances** or **deviation** from **standard** condition which could permit an occurrence of **accident** or **incident**
A. Hazard
B. Unsafe act
C. Unsafe condition
D. Risk
**Hazard**
202
What is anything that can cause **harm**, **damage**, or **injury** to **people**, **property**, or the **environment**?
**Hazard**
203
It is the single **most** important **environmental** factor in the **broad** field of **coastal engineering**
A. Coastal erosion
B. Sand
C. Sea
D. Wave
**Wave**
204
What can cause **erosion**, **transport sediment**, and create **coastal structures** such as **beaches**, **dunes**, and **cliffs**?
**Waves**
205
**True or False**
**Coastal engineers** use various techniques to study **waves**, such as **wave modeling** and **physical** testing in wave **tanks** or wave **flumes**, to design **effective** coastal protection measures and manage erosion
**True**
206
It is a construction operation that **concrete** should be **protected** so that **moisture** is **not** lost during the **early** stages of **hardening**, and it should be kept at a temperature that will promote **hydration** and also protect against **injury** from subsequent construction activities
A. Curing
B. Scaling
C. Sprinkling
D. Ponding
**Curing**
207
What is the process of keeping **newly** poured concrete **moist** and at a proper temperature to allow it to gain **strength** and **harden** properly?
**Curing**
208
The **temperature** range that is **optimal** for **curing** varies depending on the specific **mix design** of the **concrete**, but typically, what is the range of temperature for curing?
**10 - 32 °C**
209
What is the most **common** and **inexpensive** method of **curing** a **flat** surface like **slab** or **road pavements**?
**Ponding**
210
**True or False**
**Sprinkling** of **water** **continuously** on the **concrete** surface provides an **efficient curing**
**True**
211
What is a local **flaking** or **peeling** of a **finished** surface of **hardened** concrete as a result of **exposure** to **freezing** and **thawing**?
**Scaling**
212
It is **combination** of the likelihood of an occurrence of a **hazardous** event with specified period in specified circumstances and the **severity** of **injury** or **damage** of **health** of the **people**, **property**, **environment** or any combination of these caused by the event
A. Hazard
B. Unsafe condition
C. Risk
D. Unsafe act
**Risk**
213
What is a measure of the **probability** and **consequences** of an **event** occurring, and is often expressed as the **product** of the **probability** of the event and the **consequences** of the event?
**Risk**
214
What is the **worst** condition which should be considered in relation to the design of **coastal defence works**?
A. Position in relation to still water level
B. Offshore wave climate
C. Extreme wave height
D. Combination of unusually high sea level with severe wave action
**Combination of unusually high seal level with severe wave action**
215
**Combination of unusually high seal level with severe wave action** is also known as what?
**Storm surge**
216
**Waves** are formed by the **frictional** drag of **wind** across the **water** surface. This is a process of transferring **energy** from wind to water. Water particles are moved from their position by the wind, and then return to the original position by gravity, which is **restoring force**. These waves are called:
A. Shallow waves
B. Equivalent waves
C. Significant waves
D. Gravity waves
**Gravity waves**
217
What are the **waves** that are created by the **transfer** of **energy** from **wind** to the **water** surface, which causes the water particles to move in a **circular** motion?
**Gravity waves**
218
What are the different types of **sea waves**?
1. **Breaking** waves
i. **Spilling** waves
ii. **Plunging** waves
iii. **Surging** waves
iv. **Collapsing** waves
2. **Deep water** waves
3. **Shallow water** waves
i. **Tidal** waves
ii. **Tsunamis**
iii. **Inshore** waves
iv. **Internal** waves
v. **Kelvin** waves
vi. **Progressive** waves
vii. **Capillary** waves
viii. **Refracted** waves
ix. **Seiche** waves
219
What are the sea waves that are formed when the wave **collapses** on **top** of itself?
**Breaking** waves
220
**Spilling** waves are aka what?
**Mushy** waves
221
In beach-goers' terminology, these waves are formed at gentle **inclinations** of the ocean floor
**Spilling** waves
222
When waves pass over a **steeply inclined** or **rugged** ocean floor, the crest of the wave **curls** and trap a pocket of **air** underneath it
**Plunging** waves
223
They are produced when **huge** swells reach **shorelines** having a **steep** profile
**Surging** waves
224
They are a **blend** of **plunging** and **surging** waves
**Collapsing** waves
225
_, as the name suggests, have their own **origin** where the **depth** of the water in the ocean is **significant**
**Deepwater** waves
226
These waves have their origin where the **depth** of the water is much **lesser**
**Shallow water** waves
227
They are caused due to **astronomical forces** like the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon on the ocean water
**Tidal** waves
228
_, is a **Japanese** word, as **Japan** is possibly the country most frequently **affected** by _
**Tsunamis**
229
The **length** of these waves is **less** than the **depth** of the water they enter, which decreases the **velocity** of the waves
**Inshore** waves
230
They are one of the **largest** waves in the ocean but are **barely** noticeable on the surface due to their formation in the **internal** layers of the water
**Internal** waves
231
These are **large** scale waves, which are caused by a **lack** of **wind** flow in the **Pacific Ocean**
**Kelvin** waves
232
For a _, the **amplitude** is **equal** to overall points and has **net energy flow**
**Progressive** wave
233
_ closely resemble **ripples** in their structure
**Capillary** waves
234
_ travel in **shallow** water when they approach the shore and the shallowness **decreases** the power of the wave and causes a **curve**
**Refracted** waves
235
_ or **simple** a **seiche** (pronounced 'saysh') are standing waves that form in a **confined** or **partially** confined body of water
**Seiche** waves
236
Which is **more accurate** parameter of traffic capacity; **volume** or **density**? Why?
A. Volume is more accurate: Only volume is a function of cars in a given length of roadway
B. Density is more accurate: Only density is a function of cars in a given length of roadway
C. Volume is more accurate: Only volume has units of time
D. Density is more accurate: Only density has units of time
**Density is more accurate: Only density is a function of cars in a given length of roadway**
237
What is the **maximum** number of **vehicles** that can pass through a given point on a **roadway** during a given period of time?
**Traffic capacity**
238
What refers to the number of **vehicles** that pass through a given point on a **roadway** over a period of time?
**Volume**
239
What refers to the number of **vehicles** occupying a given length of **roadway** at a particular point in time?
**Density**
240
Which of the following are the concept of **safe design** for construction?
I. The design of the structure to be built
II. The subsystem to be included in the structure (electrical, mechanical, plumbing, etc.)
III. The equipment involved in building the structure
IV. The on-site facilities such as man lifts, elevators, concrete batch plants and rock crushing/gravel processing or asphalt plants
V. The manpower of the structure
A. All of the above
B. III, IV, and V
C. I, II, III, and IV
D. I, III, IV, and V
**I, III, IV, and V**
241
The concept of **safe design** for **construction** encompasses various aspects of the construction process including what?
1. **Design** of the **structure** itself
2. **Equipment** and **facilities** used in construction
3. **Manpower** involved
242
243
It occurs as concrete **hardens**, being greater in **wet** mixes. **Curing** helps to **limit** effects and therefore concrete in the actual structure should be thoroughly and continuously **moistened** for some considerable period after placing
A. Moisture content
B. Compaction
C. Concrete
D. Shrinkage
**Shrinkage**
244
What is the **reduction** in **volume** or **size** of a **material**, in this case, **concrete**, that occurs during the process of **hardening**?
**Shrinkage**
245
What is the process that helps to **limit** the effects of **shrinkage** by maintaining the proper **moisture** content in the **concrete** during the **hardening** process?
**Curing**
246
The single **initial** application of **bituminous** material to an **existing bituminous**, **Portland concrete**, or **block surface** or **base** is called:
A. Tact coat
B. Prime coat
C. Seal coat
D. Overcoat
**Prime coat**
247
What is typically used to **prepare** the surface for **additional** layers of **bituminous materials**, such as **tack coat** or a **seal coat**?
**Prime coat**
248
**Tack coat** is aka what?
**Bond coat** or a **tack coat emulsion**
249
What is a **thin** layer of **asphalt** emulsion that is **applied** to an **existing** pavement surface prior to the placement of a **new** layer of asphalt?
**Tack coat**
250
**Seal coat** is aka what?
**Chip seal** or **bituminous surface**
251
What is a type of pavement surface treatment that is applied to **existing** pavement surfaces to help **protect** them from damage caused by **weathering**, **aging**, and **traffic**?
**Seal coat**
252
In the context of construction, the term "_" is more commonly used to refer a **new** layer of **pavement** that is placed over an **existing** surface to **improve** its **strength**, **smoothness**, and **durability**
**Overlay**
253
The **ideal** capacity of **road** in **vehicles** per **hour** is:
A. 1800 vph
B. 2000 vph
C. 1400 vph
D. 1200 vph
**2000 vehicles/hour (vph)**
254
Which of the following **satisfy** the requirement for estimated expected **activity times** in a **PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) network**?
I. Makes use of three estimates
II. Puts the greatest weight on the most likely times estimate
III. Is motivated by the beta distribution
A. III only
B. I only
C. II only
D. All of the above
**All of the above**
255
The **sound creaks** and **groans** that one hears **inside** the building are in fact materials response to **external** stimuli such as **heat**, **wind** and **gravity loads**. These stimuli fall into four categories. What are these major properties that exhibited by materials?
A. Temperature, thermal, conductivity, and ductility
B. Mechanical, thermal, electrical, and chemical
C. Ionic bonding, metallic bonding, covalent bonding, and secondary bonding
D. Atoms, ions, electron, and molecules
**Mechanical, thermal, electrical, and chemical**
256
In the **standard** practice of measuring **vertical** or **zenith** angles, the following practices are great importance:
I. Be sure the instrument is level
II. Sight with vertical crosshair
III. Sight exactly on the target
IV. Sight direct and reverse
Which standard practices are true?
A. I only
B. I, III, IV only
C. All of the above
D. I & III only
**I, III, IV only**
257
Which of the following is the **calculation** of the **probability** that the **critical** path will be completed by the **time T**?
I. Assumes that the activity times are the statistically independent
II. Assumes that the total time of the critical path has approximately beta distribution
III. Requires knowledge of the standard deviation for all activities in the network
A. I only
B. All of the above
C. II only
D. III only
**III only**
258
It is the **probability** of a mechanism that will function **satisfactorily**. If the mechanism is to operate **intermittently** and **briefly**, it is also refers to performance on a given occasion. If the mechanism is to operate continuously, it refers its **performance** for a specific period of time.
A. Standard deviation
B. Infinite set
C. Reliability
D. Mean
**Reliability**
259
What is the **probability** that a system or a component will perform its intended function **satisfactorily** for a specified period of time, under specified operating conditions?
**Reliability**
260
**Compacting** applies energy to soil to consolidate it by **compressing** air voids to **increase** the soil's dry density. Which of these are the objectives of proper compacting?
I. Minimize settling
II. Increases the soil's load bearing characteristics
III. Increases soil stability
IV. Reduces water penetration
V. Protects slope that will drain water away
A. I, III, IV, V
B. I, II, III, IV
C. II, III, IV, V
D. All of these
**I, II, III, IV**
261
When train passes on curves, which have **no** super-elevation, it will give **thrust** on the:
A. Inner rail
B. Inner side of inner rail
C. Outer rail
D. Inner side of outer rail
**Inner side of outer rail**
262
Of all paths through the network, the **critical path**
A. has the maximum expected time
B. has the minimum expected time
C. has the maximum actual time
D. has the minimum actual time
**Has the maximum expected time**
263
What is the **longest** path through a **network** of activities, in terms of the total **duration** of all activities on that path?
**Critical path**
264
Which of the following are **true** statements?
I. All symmetric histograms have single peaks
II. All symmetric bell-shaped curves are normal
III. All normal curves are bell-shaped and symmetric
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and II
**III only**
265
