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1261 > MT 1 (week 1-4) > Flashcards

MT 1 (week 1-4) Flashcards

1
Q

Types of language barriers (4)

A

Proficiency
Technical
Cultural
Physical

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2
Q

SDM

A

Substitute decision maker
- person you can choose to make you healthcare decisions for you when you can’t

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3
Q

Biological theories of aging define aging as:

A

Progressive loss of function

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4
Q

Some biological theories of aging (3)

A

Free radical
- oxidation alters cell function, causing aging

Cross link
- molecules reaction with chemicals that cause cell instability

Immunological-autoimmunological
- alteration of T and B cells lead to loss of capacity to self regenerate. Normal cells recognized as foreign

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5
Q

Social theories of aging (4)

A

Disengagement theory
- withdrawment from society is natural in old age

Activity theory
- older people must remain active to enjoy older age

Continuity theory
- old people make choices to maintain internal structures like beliefs

Gerotranscendnece
- as people age, they develop new views of life
- progression toward wisdom

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6
Q

Frail elderly

A

Loss of ADL function and weight loss

Need both to happen to be considered frail

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7
Q

Most old people are living with;

A

Comorbid conditions

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8
Q

Most important adjustment of getting older

A

Finding ways to maintain QOL

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9
Q

Biggest indicator of health or illness in older persons

A

Capacity and safe performance of ADLs

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10
Q

Changes that are not normal with aging

A

Disorientation, loss of language skills, loss of math abilities, poor judgement

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11
Q

Conditions affecting cognition

A

Delirium dementia depression

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12
Q

Delirium

A

Acute state of confusion, sudden onset

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13
Q

Dementia

A

Generalized impairment of intellectual functioning

Gradual deterioration

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14
Q

Depression

A

Mood disturbance

Feeling of sadness and despair

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15
Q

Psychosocial changes in old age

A

Retirement

Social isolation
Abuse
Sexuality
Housing and environment changes

Death

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16
Q

Restorative care addresses:

A

Chronic conditions that affect daily functioning

Aim to regain ADL independence

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17
Q

Palliative care is for

A

Improving QOL for Peeople with life limiting illness and their families

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18
Q

Gerontology

A

Study of biological, social, and psychological aspects of aging

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19
Q

Senescence

A

Decline in old age

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20
Q

Ageism

A

Stereotyping due to age

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21
Q

How can old age be defined?

A

Chronologically

Social roles
- grandparent, retired

Functional age

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22
Q

Cohort

A

Group of people who experience the same event at the same time

Age cohort - people born during a specific time period

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23
Q

Generation

A

Family processes

Similar to cohort, but not time bound - family bound

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24
Q

Family

A

Two or more people who depend on one another for support

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25
Current trends in family
Divorce, LGBT Grandparents
26
Family forms
Blended, extended, solo, step, nuclear
27
Resiliency
Coping under stress that enables the family to flourish
28
Calgary family assessment model (CFAM)
Strength focused model that guides nurses in the completion of family assessment - structural, developmental, functional assessments
29
CFAM assessments with examples
Structural - fam comp - race Developmental - stages, tasks Function - ADLs - problem solving
30
Structural assessment tools
Ecomap - has connecting lines Genogram - family tree
31
ADE
Adverse drug events
32
Adverse drug event
Unexpected excessive response to a med that results in: - harm - hospital admission - death
33
Types of adverse drug events (6)
Adverse drug reaction Dose related reaction Drug/drug interaction Drug/food interaction Hypersensitivity Idiosyncratic reaction
34
Adverse drug reaction
Caused by process in patients body May or may not be caused by medication errors
35
Types of med errors (4)
Near miss - no harm, didn’t reach patient No harm event - reaches patient, no harm Med error - causes harm Critical incident - serious harm
36
Dose related (toxic) reactions
May be relegated to age, renal/hepatic impairment, underlying illness Discontinue temporarily - can provide antidote if needed Review all meds in Px history Assess for S/S of toxicity Report LAB VALUES
37
Drug drug interactions (4)
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of one drug can affect another Potentiation Interference Displacement Antagonsim
38
Pharmacokinetics
What the Body does to the drug Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
39
Pharmacodynamics
What the drug does to the body Check a and physiological changes the drug causes Drug effect
40
Potentiation
Type of drug/drug interaction Drugs with similar actions can cause additive effects Eg. warfarin and ASA can cases excessive bleeding 1+1=3 type deal
41
Interference
Type of drug/drug interaction One drug accelerates or slows the metabolism/excretion of another Can lead to drug being in the body too long even if the dose is right Potential for serious toxic effects
42
Displacement
Type of drug/drug reaction Two drugs compete for protein binding sites Displaced drug is active for longer - same effect as taking a higher dose
43
Antagonsim
Type of drug/drug reaction One drug decreases the effectiveness of another due to opposite effects
44
Inhibitors and inducers
A drug that inhibits and enzymes can cause slow metabolism of a drug metabolized by that enzyme Opposite for inducers. A drug that stimulates production of an enzyme will metabolize a drug faster
45
Nursing responsibilities in drug/drug interactions
Check lab values for drug levels Assess Px for drug effects Check Davis
46
Drug/food interactions
Food can alter absorption/metabolism of medications Diets can alter the bacterial flora of SI, can affect metabolism
47
MAOs
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
48
Drug/food interaction example
Iron taken with acidic food can cause increase absorption
49
Hypersensitivity
Can be allergic or non allergic - includes anaphylaxis Non allergic reactions usually include - glomerulonephritis, neutropenia Ex. SJS, Toxic epidermal necrolysis
50
Nursing responsibilities with hypersensitivity
Stay with Px Maintain IV access Ensure access to resus equipment Access ABCs Notify MD/NP
51
Idiosyncratic reactions
May be caused by pharmacogenetic differences in drug metabolizing enzymes Unrelated to dose Unpredictable
52
Drug prone to idiosyncratic reactions
ASA!!!
53
S/S of an adverse drug event
Changes in: - resps - HR - BP - mental status Occurrence of: - seizures - anaphylaxis - fever Rash
54
Phases of drug activity (table flow chart)
Dose of drug - administration Pharmaceutical phase 1 - dissolution of drug - now available for absorption Pharmacokinetics phase 2 - absorption/dist/metabolism/excretion - drug now available for action Pharmacodynamic phase 3 - drug receptor interaction Effect
55
Fastest vs slowest oral preparations of drugs
Fast - liquids, powders Slowest - EC tablets - other tablets
56
First pass effect
Some routes make the drug pass through the liver before the site of action, rendering some of it useless
57
Route that have first pass effect
Oral, portal venous, pr, hepatic arterial
58
Onset of action
From time drug was administered until it starts to work
59
Duration of action
Visible effect period of drug activity
60
Problematic meds in older adults
Analgesics (NSAIDS) Anticoagulants Anitcholinergics Antidepressants Antihypertensives Sedatives More than not lmao
61
Older adult considerations with taking drugs
Polypharmacy Self prescribing Over the counter stuff Misuse Noncompliance

1261 (6 decks)

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