MT 2

Question 1

T-lymphocytes type of immunity

Answer 1

cellular

Question 2

B-lymphocytes

Answer 2

humoral

Question 3

Which lymphocyte requires an antigen presenting cell (b/c)

Answer 3

T-lymphocyte

Question 4

What is the molecule that t-helper cells release

Answer 4

Interleukin (IL2, IL4)

Question 5

Which cells does interleukin target

Answer 5

T-cytotoxic, T-helper (autocrine), B-lymphocytes (produce plasma)

Question 6

Lymphocyte life cycle (5steps)

Answer 6

originate in RBM, maturatiob (b-RBM, t-thymus), become immunocompetent (wait in lymph node), activated by antigen, determine fate (memory or effector)

Question 7

3 Rs of adaptive immunity

Answer 7

Recognition, response, resolution

Question 8

MHC1 information

Answer 8

presented on all nucleated cells
recognized by CD8 (on Tc)
respond to endogenous material
display “kill me”

Question 9

MCH2 information

Answer 9

presented on MPC (macrophages, B-cells, dendritic cells)
recognized by CD4 (Th)
respond to exogenous
self-present to recruit immune army

Question 10

humoral immunity steps

Answer 10

1st signal: free antigen binds to BCR, B-cell engulfs antigen, presents for Th activation

2nd signal: IL4 released from Th

Activates, differentiates, proliferates

Question 11

Antigen-antibody binding steps

Answer 11

a NAP can help you CONcentrate
N: Neutralization
A: Agglutination
P: Precipitation
C: Compliment (->RBC)
O: Opsinization (recruit other immune like phagocyte)
N: NK cells

Question 12

Humoral response/lag time

Answer 12

first is slow IgG and low

second is fast (small lag time) and high IgG concentration

Question 13

Cellular immunity steps

Answer 13

1. positive selection (CORTEX - ET have MCH1&2)
   - if bind = pass
2. negative selection (MEDULLA - TCR)
   - if bind = fail
3. selective CD8/CD4 = immunocompetent T-cell
   - increase CD4 = low Tc, high Th
   - increase CD8 = high Tc, low Th

Question 14

Cellular immunity

Answer 14

mature T-cells circulate and seed secondary lymphoid organs

Question 15

T - cytotoxic information

Answer 15

CD8, MCH1, endogenous

Question 16

T - helper information

Answer 16

CD4, MHC2, exogenous

Question 17

Which MPCs have MCH1/MCH2

Answer 17

dendritic cells have both

B-cells only activate Th that only respond to MCH2 antigens

Question 18

What BIG differentiates Th from B cells

Answer 18

Th NEEEDS first exposure unlike B cells that can just recognize an antigen

Question 19

What is the downstream effect of a low Th

Answer 19

no effective immune response

Question 20

How is Th effected by AIDS

Answer 20

HIV decreases Th production which depresses cell immunity

Th>200 cells/mm3 = HIV

Question 21

T-cytotoxic cell immune steps

Answer 21

1st signal: DC8 binds to MHC1 on MPC AND TCR interacts with nearby antigen

2nd signal:L IL2 released from nearby Th that activates Tc

NEEDS BOTH SIGNALS

Response: specific antigen (viral or cancerous) releases perforin and granzymes = apoptosis of infected cell

Question 22

B-lymphocyte MHC class

Answer 22

2

Question 23

four steps for inflammation

Answer 23

pro-inflammatory, vascular change, leukocytosis (margination, diapedesis, chemotaxis), plasma proteins and exudate

Question 24

opsonization

Answer 24

complement tags phagocytes to increase function

Question 25

complement roles (4)

Answer 25

OICE

Question 26

three roles of angiotensin 2

Answer 26

contract mesangial cells (indirectly mediate GFR) & vasoconstrict afferent arteriole, stimulate adrenal cortex to increase aldosterone production/release, and vasoconstrict peripheral arteries

Question 27

role of angiotensin 2 on mesangial cells both sympathetic and hormonal

Answer 27

sympathetic: released = contract hormonal: inhibited = relaxed

Question 28

how does Angiotensin2 regulate blood pressure

Answer 28

generally increases blood pressure (like ADP and aldosterone) so it likes to vasoconstrict AA and contract mesangial cells will do opposite effect because it is inhibited with hormonal response

Question 29

Angiotensin 2 targets (3)

Answer 29

peripheral arteries, adrenal cortex (signals aldosterone), and hypothalamus (stim thirst center)

Question 30

Na concentrations/diffusion from PCT to capillaries

Answer 30

high PCT -> low cellular (simple diffusion) -> high interstitial (active transport with NaKATPase)

Question 31

location for aldosterone action for Na

Answer 31

DCT reabsorption to blood

Question 32

location for aldosterone action for K

Answer 32

DCT secretion (fluid to filtration system)

Question 33

parathyroid site of action and ion

Answer 33

DCT Calcium reabsorption

Question 34

what happens with no ADH

Answer 34

over hydration, hypokalemia, diluted urine