MT 2 PQs

Question 1

which enzymes are elevated in case of liver disease?
ALT + ALP,
AST + GLDH,
ALT + GLDH,
ALT, ALP, AST, GLDH

Answer 1

ALT + GLDH

Question 2

which enzymes are elevated in case of bile duct obstruction?
ALT + ALKP,
ALKP + GGT,
ALT + LDH,
ALT, ALP, AST, GLDH

Answer 2

ALKP + GGT

Question 2

which enzymes are elevated in case of haemolysis?
ALT + ALP,
ALT + GLDH,
ALT + LDH,
ALT, ALP, AST, GLDH

Answer 2

ALT + LDH

Question 3

Overall what increase in pre-hepatic icterus (haemolysis)?

Answer 3

Br-I, Br-II, UBG, Reticulocyte, Free Hb, ALT, LDH, urea.

Question 4

Overall what increases in hepatic icterus (liver damage)?

Answer 4

Br-I, Br-II, UBG, coagulation parameters, ALT, AST, GLDH, NH3, bile acids.

Question 5

overall what increases in posthepatic icterus?

Answer 5

Br-I, Br-II, coagulaiton parameters, ALKP, GGT, bile acids.

Question 6

urine parameter changes in prehepatic icterus.

Answer 6

UBG, Br, Hb all increase

Question 7

urine parameter changes in hepatic icterus.

Answer 7

UBG and Br

Question 8

urine parameter changes in posthepatic icterus.

Answer 8

UBG decrease,
Large Br increase.

Question 9

which enzyme is elevated in muscle damage?
LDH +CK
AST + CK
LDH + CK + AST
LDH + CK + ALT

Answer 9

LDH + CK + AST

Question 10

what can cause the elevation of creatinin in the plasma?
decreased GFR,
dehydration,
increased muscle mass,
high meat content of the meal,
all of them,
none of them.

Answer 10

all of them

Question 11

which is true for CKD? MCQ
azotaemia,
hypokalaemia,
anaemia,
eosinophilia,
hyperphosphatemia.

Answer 11

azotaemia,
hypokalaemia,
anaemia

Question 12

what is hypostenuria?
what are 2 possible causes?

Answer 12

hyposthenuria: when the specific gravut of urine is decreased.
diabetes insipidus,
hyperhydration

Question 13

urinary tract rupture can be measured by which of the following?
cholesterol,
creatinin,
amylase,
albumin.

Answer 13

creatinin

Question 14

which answer is false?
CSF is colourless, water clear fluid.
CSF does not contain RBCs.
Increase of nucleated cells in CSF is called pleocytosis.
CSF clots rapidly after sampling.

Answer 14

CSF clots rapidly after sampling.

Question 15

what type of jaundice do oyu suspect in case of decreased haematocrit and yellow plasma in microhematocrit capillary?

Answer 15

prehepatic

Question 16

What is the cause of elevated bile acid conc in the case of cholestasis?

Answer 16

cholestasis = bile release is blocked.
Bile acids cant enter intestine therefore increase outflow into plasma.

Question 17

which are cholestatic live enzymes? MCQ
ALT,
ALP,
GLDH,
GGT.

Answer 17

ALP + GGT

Question 18

which substance is responsible for neurotoxicity?
ammonia,
urea,
glucose,
uric acid.

Answer 18

ammonia

Question 19

which condition cannot be the cause of elevated lipase activity?
acute pancreatitis,
kidney failure,
enteritis,
liver failure.

Answer 19

liver failure.

Question 20

which pancreatic enzyme does the TLI test measure?
pancreatic lipase,
pancreatic alpha-amylase,
trypsin and trypsinogen,
insulin.

Answer 20

trypsin and trypsinogen

Question 21

which statement is true for canine pancreas specific lipase?
uses RIA method,
has the highest sensitivity to diagnose EPI,
has high sensitivity to detect acute pancreatitis,
not species specific.

Answer 21

has high sensitivity to detect acute pancreatitis

Question 22

which statement is false for bile acids?
major constituent of bile,
recycled by enterohepatic circulation,
synthesised in the liver from cholesterol,
its serum level is elevated in portosystemic shunt.

Answer 22

major constituent of bile

Question 23

which statement is true?
UBG can be detected in the urine by dipsticks,
liver cells conjugate taurin to bilirubin,
unconjugated Br is soluble in plasma,
high Br content can be detected on physical examination as the visible mucous membranes turn pale.

Answer 23

UBG can be detected in the urine by dipsticks,

Question 24

which condition can be the cause of prehepatic icterus? liver failure, immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia, acute pancreatitis, gallbladder rupture

Answer 24

immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia

Question 25

which condition cannot be the cause of elevated bile acid level? acute pancreatitis, portosystenic shunt, babesiosis, extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction.

Answer 25

babesiosis

Question 26

which statement is false for AST? released later than ALT, more specific marker of significant liver damage, cytoplasmic enzyme.

Answer 26

cytoplasmic enzyme (it is a mito enzyme)

Question 27

which statement is true for ALKP? drug induction is not significant, hepatocellular enzyme, bone isoenzyme may be released in response to increased osteoblast cell activity, Bone ALKP isoenzyme is heat stabile.

Answer 27

bone isoenzyme mat be released in response to increased osteoblast cell activty

Question 28

which laboratory test findings are consistent with portosystemic shunt? hyperbilirubinaemia, elevated bile acids and hyperammonemia, elevated urea and creatinine level, increased ALKP and GGT activity.

Answer 28

elevated bile acids and hyperammonemia,

Question 29

which statement is true for urea? extensive muscle injury can increase its conc, dietary protein content can increase its level, reabsorption from the renal tubules is insignificant.

Answer 29

dietary protein content can increase its level,

Question 30

which factor does not influence creatinin conc? GFR, extensive muscle injury, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, diet.

Answer 30

gastrointestinal haemorrhage

Question 31

which lab test finding cannot be detected in acute kidney injury. hyperkalaemia, metabolic acidosis, protein losing nephropathy causes hypoalbuminaemia, azotemia.

Answer 31

protein losing nephropathy causes hypoalbuminaemia

Question 32

which statement is true for urinalysis? urine specific gravity can be reliably measured with dipsticks. traces of glucose can normally be detected in the urine. UTI can change the urine pH to acidic. UBG can normally be detected in the urine.

Answer 32

UBG can normally be detected in the urine.

Question 33

which condition cannot be the cause of elevated alpha amylase activity? acute pancreatitis, kidney failure, extensive muscle injury, parotitis

Answer 33

extensive muscle injury

Question 34

measurement of reduced TLI in the blood has a high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of: acute pancreatitis, pancreas carcinoma, chronic pancreatitis, EPI.

Answer 34

EPI

Question 35

which statement is true for cPL assay? has low sensitivity to detect acute pancreatitis, uses ELISA assay, not species specific, has the highest sensitivity to diagnose EPI.

Answer 35

uses ELISA assay

Question 36

which statement is false for bilirubin? major constituent of bile, recycled via enterohepatic circ, BD product of haem, increased serum level in choleostasis.

Answer 36

major constituent of bile,

Question 37

which statement is true? stercobilinogen can be detected in the urine via dipsticks. Conk Br is transported via albumin. High Br level can be detected via physical exam as mucous membranes turn yellow.

Answer 37

High Br level can be detected via physical exam as mucous membranes turn yellow.

Question 38

which can be the cause of hepatic icterus? acute pancreatitis, acute hepatitis, haemolysis, obstruction of bile duct.

Answer 38

acute hepatitis

Question 39

which condition cannot be the cause of elevated bile acids? the patient has been fed before the sampling. hepatic disfunction. extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction. immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia.

Answer 39

immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia.

Question 40

which statement is false for ALT? mitochondrial enzyme. some drugs can induce its activity, activity may increase in severe muscle trauma / disease.

Answer 40

mitochondrial enzyme

Question 41

which abnormal lab test finding cannot be associated with hepatic disfunction? elevated bile acids, hyperalbunaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, coagulopathy.

Answer 41

hyperalbunaemia

Question 42

which statement is true for creatinine? synth in liver from NH3. liver func can influence its conc, excreted only via glomerular filtration.

Answer 42

excreted only via glomerular filtration.

Question 43

which lab test finding cannot be detected in CKD? azotemia, hyperkalaemia, hyperphosphatemia, protein losing nephropathy causing hypoalbuminemia.

Answer 43

hyperkalaemia,

Question 44

which statement is true for urinalysis? traces of blood can normally be detected in the urine. Urine specific gravity can reliably be tested by using a refractometer. presence of UBG in the urine is always an abnormal finding.

Answer 44

traces of blood can normally be detected in the urine.

Question 45

which condition can be detected by sulfosalicylic acid turbidity test? ketonuria, glucosuria, bilirubinuria, proteinuria.

Answer 45

proteinuria

Question 46

which statement is true for urine malignant analysis? casts are formed in the UB. squamos cells are epithelial cells detached from the renal tubules, presence of malignant cancer cells indicate UB tumor.

Answer 46

presence of malignant cancer cells indicate UB tumour.