MT A 1

Question 1

Property of the human immune system to avoid attacking its own cells.

Answer 1

Tolerance

Question 2

Organs in which self-tolerance is acquired through recognition of self antigens.

Answer 2

Thymus and bone marrow

Question 3

In central tolerance, after antigen presentation, immature T cells become

Answer 3

T regulatory cells

Question 4

Mechanism of the body to develop central tolerance to Ag not present in blood stream but in tissues.

Answer 4

AIRE protein creates tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs) from tissular DNA.

Question 5

Process through which T cells that do not recognize self Ag disappear

Answer 5

Negative regulation

Question 6

T cell receptor that after being bound by an ACP B7 costimulator elicits an immune response.

Answer 6

CD28

Question 7

Peripheral tolerance works though the expression of this inhibitory receptor that binds to CD28 on the T cells thus suppressing response.

Answer 7

CTLA-4

Question 8

T reg cells express CTLA-4 that binds to B7 in ACP to

Answer 8

Remove B7 from the ACP

Question 9

Regulatory T cells express this gene to inhibit responses to self antigens.

Answer 9

FOXP3

Question 10

Cytokine that promotes differentiation of T cells from immature to T regs

Answer 10

IL-2

Question 11

Immunosuppressive cytokines produced by T regs

Answer 11

IL-10 and TGF-B

Question 12

Protein in intrinsic apoptosis that binds to Bcl-2 factors (Bax and Bak) to create pores in mitochondrial membrane.

Answer 12

BH3

Question 13

Cytochrome c activates this enzyme in intrinsic apoptosis to fragment DNA

Answer 13

Endonuclease

Question 14

Ligand in T cells necessary for endonuclease activation in extrinsic pathway apoptosis.

Answer 14

FasL

Question 15

Substance necessary for extrinsic pathway apoptosis

Answer 15

TNF

Question 16

Mechanism of action of central tolerance on B cells.

Answer 16

Light chain of antibody to self antigens is modified so it cannot bind

Question 17

Gene most strongly associated to ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 17

HLA B27

Question 18

Type of tolerance used for Ag not present in generative lymphoid organs and Ag expressed only in adult life.

Answer 18

Peripheral tolerance

Question 19

Cells in charge if mantaining peripheral tolerance by supressing activation of lymphs for self Ag.

Answer 19

T regs

Question 20

Death of immature cells that recognize antigens in the thymus

Answer 20

Deletion or negative selection

Question 21

Protein of the thymus that allows medullary thymic epithelial cells (MTECS) to produce Ags of peripheral tissues.

Answer 21

AIRE protein

Question 22

Disease of AIRE protein failure.

Answer 22

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1)

Question 23

Cells become unresponsive to self antigens through lack of costimulation or innate immunity, or through engagement of inhibitory receptors

Answer 23

Anergy

Question 24

Peripheral tolerance mechanism in which T cells activation will be blocked by a T reg cells

Answer 24

Supression

Question 25

Mediator that a self-reacting T cell will express in peripheral tolerance to terminate response intrinsically

Answer 25

CTLA-4

Question 26

Function of CTLA-4 in self reacting T cells to supress response

Answer 26

Remove B7 from APC leading to a lack of costimulation

Question 27

Cytokin on which T regs depend for differentiation, survival and function.

Answer 27

IL-2

Question 28

Immunosupresive cytokines produced by T regs

Answer 28

IL-10 and TFG-B

Question 29

Proteins of the apoptosis intrinsic pathway in peripheral tolerance deletion

Answer 29

Bcl-2 family effectors (Bax and Bak)

Question 30

Apoptosis extrinsic pathway interactions

Answer 30

Fas-FasL TNF R - TNF

Question 31

Rutas de administración que favorecen la tolerancia

Answer 31

Intravenosa y mucosa

Question 32

Central tolerance mechanisms for high-avidity self reacting B-cells

Answer 32

Receptor editing through expression of new Ig light chain (non self reacting) Apoptosis (deletion)

Question 33

Central tolerance mechanism for low avidity self reacting B-cells

Answer 33

Reduced expression of receptor and signaling (anergy)

Question 34

Peripheral tolerance mechanism to self-reacting B-cells

Answer 34

Anergy Deletion Regulation by inhibitory receptors

Question 35

A self reaction to one specific antigen leads to alterations of other tissue antigens.

Answer 35

Epitope spreading

Question 36

Cells activated in an infection that may lead to autoimmunity and that overly-active T cells.

Answer 36

APCs

Question 37

Genes that have shown stronger association with autoommunity.

Answer 37

MHC genes

Question 38

Stronges genetical-autoimmunity relation.

Answer 38

Ankylosing spondylitis and HLA B27

Question 39

Gene associated with SLE

Answer 39

C4

Question 40

Gene associated with T-cell proliferation and infiltration in organs, leading to systemic inflammatory disease

Answer 40

CTLA4

Question 41

Disease related to Fas/FasL, in which self-reactive B cells and CD4 T are not deleted

Answer 41

ALPS

Question 42

Tregs won't work due to a FoxP3 alteration, creating multiorgan lymphocytic infiltrates, leading to

Answer 42

IPEX

Question 43

Inflammatory bowel disease, in which there is a deffective control in mucosal immune responses, relates to the genes of...

Answer 43

IL10 and IL10R

Question 44

Leucocitos reclutados en reacciones de hipersensibilidad tipo II: mediada por anticuerpos

Answer 44

Neutrófilos y macrófagos

Question 45

Reacción de hipersensibilidad mediada por inmunocomplejos con IgM o IgG

Answer 45

Tipo III

Question 46

La participación de CD4 Th1 y Th17 y CD8 CTLs es característica de la hipersensitividad

Answer 46

IV

Question 47

Mecanismos de daño tisular en la reacción de hipersensibilidad tipo IV

Answer 47

Inflamación mediada por citocinas y activación de macrófagos y muerte celular directa

Question 48

IL de la hipersensibilidad mediada por IgE

Answer 48

IL4, IL5 e IL13

Question 49

En la anemia hemolítica y trombocitopenia autoinmune, hay una destrucción tras opsonización. Hipersensibilidad de tipo:

Answer 49

II

Question 50

En Graves disease hay una alteración de las funciones celulares sin inflamación ni daño tisular. Hipersensibilidad de tipo:

Answer 50

II

Question 51

Un ejemplo de esta hipersensibilidad es la unión de anticuerpo a un receptor de hormonas/neurotransmisores y su estimulación.

Answer 51

Tipo II

Question 52

Most predominant lekocytes in type III hypersensitivity inflammation.

Answer 52

Neutrophil

Question 53

Function of IL17 secreted by TH17 cells

Answer 53

Neutrophil recruitment

Question 54

Function of IFNy secreted by TH1 cells

Answer 54

Macrophage activation

Question 55

Reaction that develops 24 to 48 hrs after Ag challenge in a previously immunized individual

Answer 55

Delayed-type hypersensitivity DTH

Question 56

If a Th1 response to an infection activates macrophages but fails to eliminate microorganisms it happens a___

Answer 56

Chronic DTH reactions causing granulomas

Question 57

Explicación del diagrama

Answer 57

.

Question 58

Tipo de hipersensibilidad que causa glomerulonefritis

Answer 58

Tipo II