mt1

Question 1

the scientific study of the mind and behaviour

Answer 1

psychology

Question 2

refers to internal states and processes. cannot be observed directly but instead must be inferred through measurable responses

Answer 2

mind

Question 3

black bile, blood, yellow bile, phlegm

Answer 3

hippocrates four humours

Question 4

concept of humorism

Answer 4

a persons behaviour was assumed to be based on for bodily fluids. a persons temperament and imbalance led to certain sicknesses dependent upon which humors were in excess or deficit.

Question 5

black bile

Answer 5

melancholic.
- sad
- independent
- introverted
- perfectionist
- prudent
- pragmatic

Question 6

blood

Answer 6

sanguine
- cheerful
- impulsive
- charismatic
- optimistic
- affectionate

Question 7

yellow bile

Answer 7

choleric
- angry
- ambitious
- energetic
- aggressive
- jealous
- envious

Question 8

phelgm

Answer 8

phlegmatic
- sluggish
- relaxed
- content
- lethargic
- sensitive
- sentimental

Question 9

rene decartes

Answer 9

• philosopher & mathematician
• argued for substance dualism
• mind-body problem

Question 10

substance dualism

Answer 10

minds and body’s are distinct and separate substances that interact with eachother

Question 11

the mind-body problem

Answer 11

rene decartes theory
- what is the relationship between mind and body — the mental realm ( thoughts, pains, beliefs, sensations, emotions) and the physical realm (matter, atoms, neurons)

Question 12

steven blankaart

Answer 12

-wrote ‘they physical dictionary’
-stated anatomy was a separate study from psychology.
-anatomy was body, psych was soul/mind
- goes against humorism ( rene decartes )

Question 13

wilhelm wundt

Answer 13

• established psychology as a distinct discipline from physiology & philosophy
• believed should be more scientifically based (physics & chemistry)
• called psych the study of consciousness
• relied on introspection

Question 14

the examination of observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes

Answer 14

introspection

Question 15

structuralism

Answer 15

believed the goal of psychology was to analyze the basic elements of consciousness, their structure and how the are related by breaking them down into the smallest possible components
- wilhelm wundt
- edward titchener

Question 16

• the belief that the goal of psychology was to analyze the function of consciousness.
• sought to understand how mental processes helped people to adapt to their environment and achieve goals
• inspired by darwin’s natural selection
• william james

Answer 16

functionalism

Question 17

william james

Answer 17

-well known functionalist
- coined the term “stream of consciousness”

Question 18

sigmund freud

Answer 18

• invented psychoanalytics/psychoanalysis
• suggested human behavior is influenced by unconscious memories, thoughts, and urges
• most theory’s were based on his own ideas and not measurable or backed up by science

Question 19

psychoanalysis

Answer 19

• also called psychoanalytics
• a method of explaining mental and emotional disorders by investigating the unconscious elements of the mind (repressed memories)
• based on the belief that our present is based on our past

Question 20

occam’s razor

Answer 20

• also called principle of parsimony or the law of economics
• when confronted with two or more possible theories the most parsimonious is preferred

Question 21

parsimony

Answer 21

• the explanation requiring least assumptions
  ex) a door slams could be caused by
  - ghost (requires the assumption ghosts are real and can close doors)
  - wind (we already know wind could close a door)
  the wind would be the more parsimonious explanation

Question 22

behavioural perspective

Answer 22

• focuses on the idea that behaviours are learned through your environment
• goal is to predict and control behaviour
• john b watson

Question 23

• well known behaviourist
• believed one’s traits and skills were fully based on their environment and how they were raised “bring me a dozen healthy infants and i guarantee to take any one at random and train it to become any type of specialist”

Answer 23

john b watson