MT1

Question 1

What is the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Ensures that a supply of blood, rich in oxygen and nutrients, is delivered to cells throughout the body.

Question 2

What is the heart?

Answer 2

A muscular organ responsible for pumping blood toward all body tissues.

Question 3

What is the endocardium?

Answer 3

A thin membrane that lines the chambers and valves of the heart.

Question 4

What is the myocardium?

Answer 4

A muscle layer that makes up most of the heart wall.

Question 5

What is the epicardium?

Answer 5

A thin membrane that covers the heart.

Question 6

What is the pericardium?

Answer 6

Contains the heart and anchors it to surrounding structures.

Question 7

What are the atria?

Answer 7

The heart’s upper receiving chambers.

Question 8

What are the ventricles?

Answer 8

The heart’s lower pumping chambers.

Question 9

What is the interventricular septum?

Answer 9

Separates the two ventricles.

Question 10

What is the interatrial septum?

Answer 10

Divides the two atria.

Question 11

What does the right side of the heart do?

Answer 11

Pumps blood towards the lungs to be oxygenated through the pulmonary circuit.

Question 12

What does the left side of the heart do?

Answer 12

Pumps blood to the remainder of the body through the systemic circuit.

Question 13

How does blood flow from the right ventricle?

Answer 13

Blood enters the right ventricle and is pumped to the lungs to be oxygenated through the pulmonary artery.

Question 14

How does blood return from the lungs?

Answer 14

Blood returns from the lungs high in oxygen and enters the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.

Question 15

How is blood pumped to the body?

Answer 15

Blood enters the left ventricle and is forcefully pumped to the aorta to be delivered to all body tissues.

Question 16

What is the tricuspid valve?

Answer 16

The valve between the right atrium and ventricle.

Question 17

What is the bicuspid valve?

Answer 17

The valve between the left atrium and ventricle.

Question 18

What is the pulmonary valve?

Answer 18

Valve at the entrance of the pulmonary artery.

Question 19

What are heart sounds?

Answer 19

Produced as the heart functions.

Question 20

What is the sinoatrial node?

Answer 20

Located at the upper right atrium, known as the pacemaker as it sets the rate of the heartbeat.

Question 21

What is the atrioventricular node?

Answer 21

Located at the bottom right atrium near the ventricle.

Question 22

What is the atrioventricular bundle?

Answer 22

Bundle of His at the top of the interventricular septum.

Question 23

What are the right and left bundle branches?

Answer 23

Travel along the side of the septum.

Question 24

What are Purkinje fibers?

Answer 24

Carries stimulation throughout the walls of the ventricles.

Question 25

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 25

Its role in circulation is to return excess fluid and proteins from tissues to the bloodstream.

Question 26

What are lymph nodes?

Answer 26

Their role is to filter the lymph as it passes through.

Question 27

What are tonsils?

Answer 27

Filters inhaled or swallowed material and aids in immunity early in life.

Question 28

What is the thymus?

Answer 28

Processes and stimulates lymphocytes active in immunity.

Question 29

What is the spleen?

Answer 29

Filters the blood and destroys old red blood cells.

Question 30

What are Peyer patches?

Answer 30

They help protect against invading microorganisms.

Question 31

What is blood?

Answer 31

Fluid that circulates through the vessels, bringing oxygen and nourishment to all cells and carrying away carbon dioxide and other waste products.

Question 32

What is cardiac output?

Answer 32

The amount of blood pumped to the right or left ventricle per minute.

Question 33

What is albumin?

Answer 33

A simple protein found in the blood plasma.

Question 34

What is an antibody?

Answer 34

Protein produced in response to or interacting specifically with an antigen.

Question 35

What is an antigen?

Answer 35

Substance that induces the formation of an antibody.

Question 36

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 36

Substance that separates into charged particles in a solution.

Question 37

What is fibrin?

Answer 37

A protein that forms a clot in the blood coagulation.

Question 38

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 38

Iron-containing pigment in the red blood cell that transports oxygen.

Question 39

What is immunity?

Answer 39

State of being protected against a disease.

Question 40

What is plasma?

Answer 40

The liquid portion of the blood.

Question 41

What is a plasma cell?

Answer 41

A mature form of a B cell that produces antibodies.

Question 42

What are platelets?

Answer 42

A formed element that is active in hemostasis.

Question 43

What are leukocytes?

Answer 43

A white blood cell.

Question 44

What is an erythrocyte?

Answer 44

A red blood cell.

Question 45

What is an agranulocyte?

Answer 45

A white blood cell that does not have visible granules in its cytoplasm.

Question 46

What is a granulocyte?

Answer 46

A white blood cell that has visible granules in its cytoplasm.

Question 47

What is a monocyte?

Answer 47

An agranular phagocytic leukocyte.

Question 48

What is a megakaryocyte?

Answer 48

A large bone marrow cell that fragments to release platelets.

Question 49

What is a lymphocyte?

Answer 49

An agranular leukocyte active in immunity.

Question 50

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 50

Act of engulfing foreign material by white blood cells.