MT1 Extra Review

Question 1

Incorrect test values, false positives or isolated individual variation in results can cause ____

Answer 1

Ulysses Syndrome
(loss of time, money, peace of mind)

Question 2

What is the term for the ability of a test to detect disease?

Answer 2

sensitive test

Question 3

Impaired venous flow and leakage of cell contents from poor tourniquet use is called ____

Answer 3

hemoconcentration

Question 4

A poorly flowing venipuncture can cause ____

Answer 4

hemolysis

Question 5

What is the most commonly used body specimen?

Answer 5

blood

Question 6

What liquid remains when blood clotting is prevented?

Answer 6

Plasma

Question 7

T/F
anticoagulant is used in serum

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Healthcare workers are mandated to follow ____ precautions to prevent the spread of all pathogens

Answer 8

standard

Question 9

Where does cellular proliferation, differentiation, and maturation primarily occur?

Answer 9

bone marrow

Question 10

What is the name of the process by which early erythroid precursor cells differentiate to become mature RBCs?

Answer 10

erythropoeisis

Question 11

RBCs need ____ and ____ for final maturation

Answer 11

Vit B12
Vit B9

Question 12

In a mature erythrocyte, what is essential for RBC function and survival?

Answer 12

flexibility & intact membrane

Question 13

What is the most common test to evaluate circulating blood cells?

Answer 13

CBC

Question 14

What colour tube top is used for a CBC?

Answer 14

lavender

Question 15

What are the 2 main RBC measurements?

Answer 15

hemoglobin & hematocrit

Question 16

What is the predominant form of hemoglobin in adults?

Answer 16

HgbA

Question 17

How many molecules of oxygen are transported by each molecule of hemoglobin?

Answer 17

4

Question 18

What protein oxidizes Fe3+ to Fe2+?

Answer 18

ceruloplasmin

Question 19

What is the most common RBC disorder?

Answer 19

Anemia

Question 20

What is the most common cause of anemia?

Answer 20

impaired RBC production

Question 21

What is the most sensitive measure to evaluate an anemia patient?

Answer 21

hemoglobin

Question 22

What type of anemia is acute posthemorrhagic anemia?

Answer 22

normocytic/normochromic

Question 23

What type of anemia is due to blood loss in small amounts over a long period of time?

Answer 23

chronic posthemorrhagic anemia

Question 24

What is the most common type of anemia?

Answer 24

IDA

Question 25

What type of anemia is iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 25

microcytic / hypochromic

Question 26

What is the most likely cause of inadequate intrinsic factor?

Answer 26

malabsorption destruction of parietal cells

Question 27

What anemia causes defective erythropoietic production?

Answer 27

anemia of renal cell insufficiency

Question 28

What liver protein binds free hemoglobin?

Answer 28

haptoglobin

Question 29

What test is important when diagnosing hemolysis due to hemoglobin disorders?

Answer 29

hemoglobin electrophoresis test

Question 30

Sickle cell anemia substitutes ____ for ____ on the beta chain, and transforms ____ into ____.

Answer 30

- **valine** for **glutamic acid** - Hgb A to Hgb S

Question 31

Hemoglobin C disease substitutes ____ for ____ on the beta chain, and transforms ____ into ____

Answer 31

- **lysine** for **glutamic acid** - Hgb A to Hgb C

Question 32

What form of alpha thalassemia is incompatible with life?

Answer 32

hydrops fetalis

Question 33

What form of autoimmune hemolytic anemias has autoantibodies to IgG?

Answer 33

warm

Question 34

What form of autoimmune hemolytic anemias has autoantibodies to IgM?

Answer 34

cold

Question 35

What polycythemia is a physiologic response to hypoxia?

Answer 35

absolute polycythemia

Question 36

What is the name of the process for which WBCs proliferate and differentiate?

Answer 36

leukopoiesis

Question 37

What is the most numerous granulocyte?

Answer 37

neutrophils

Question 38

What is the first line of defense against bacteria?

Answer 38

neutrophils

Question 39

What cells secrete histamine?

Answer 39

basophils & mast cells

Question 39

What agranulocyte plays a vital role in cell mediated and humoral immunity?

Answer 39

monocyte

Question 39

What is the largest agranulocyte?

Answer 39

monocyte

Question 40

What agranulocyte moves freely between circulation & tissues?

Answer 40

lymphocyte

Question 41

T cytotoxic cells bind to altered ____

Answer 41

MHC I

Question 42

What is the preferred site for drawing bone marrow?

Answer 42

anterior & posterior iliac crest

Question 43

What is the term for when the number of lymphocytes exceeds the number of PMNs?

Answer 43

inverted diff

Question 44

What leukemia is most likely in a 6-year-old with leukocytosis?

Answer 44

ALL

Question 45

What leukemia has the Philadelphia chromosome?

Answer 45

CML

Question 46

What clotting factor is fibrinogen?

Answer 46

Factor I

Question 47

What co-factor is required by IXa?

Answer 47

VIIIa

Question 48

What is an inhibitor of vitamin K factors II, IX and X?

Answer 48

ATIII (in presence of heparin)

Question 49

What is the normal therapeutic range for the International Normalized Ratio (INR)?

Answer 49

2-3

Question 50

What is a qualitative measure used to evaluate the time needed to convert fibrinogen to fibrin?

Answer 50

thrombin time

Question 51

What is the congenital disease of decreased platelet function called?

Answer 51

Von Willibrand Dz

Question 52

What is the name of the syndrome caused by a lupus anticoagulant that binds to phospholipids used int the activation of the intrinsic pathway?

Answer 52

Antiphospholipid syndrome

Question 53

What are the major anticoagulants used to monitor anticoagulant therapy?

Answer 53

coumadin heparin

Question 54

What type of blood sample is obtained when no anticoagulant is used?

Answer 54

serum

Question 55

Variation in the shape of RBCs is called ____

Answer 55

Poikilocytosis

Question 56

Variation in the size of RBCs is called ____

Answer 56

Anisocytosis

Question 57

What terms apply to the CBC findings of decreased MCV, MCH, and MCHC?

Answer 57

microcytic & hypochromic

Question 58

Decreases in any 1 of what 3 parameters indicates anemia?

Answer 58

- RBC count - Hgb - Hct

Question 59

What is the most prevalent type of hemoglobin and what type of chains does it have?

Answer 59

Hgb A 2 alpha + 2 beta chains

Question 60

What type of RBC disorder results from a single amino acid substitution which alters the structure of 1 of the 4 chains of a hemoglobin molecule?

Answer 60

hemoglobinopathy

Question 61

What RBC disorder is associated with an increase in RBC count due to loss of plasma volume and is most often caused by dehydration?

Answer 61

polycythemia

Question 62

What type of anemia would have decreased serum iron, and normal ferratin?

Answer 62

anemia of chronic disease (ACD) (normochromic / normocytic)

Question 63

What pathophysiologic category of anemia has the highest rate of incidence?

Answer 63

factor deficiency anemia

Question 64

What clinical term applies to an increase in the total number of circulating WBCs?

Answer 64

leukocytosis

Question 65

What type of lab testing is used to find chemical constituents within a cell, abnormal cell membrane antigens, and receptor sites, and is useful in the diagnosis of leukemia?

Answer 65

cytochemical & immunohistochemical stain

Question 66

What term applies to the decrease in the absolute number of circulating lymphocytes?

Answer 66

lymphocytopenia

Question 67

What WBC finding is important in differentiating an acute from a chronic leukemia?

Answer 67

degree of differentiation

Question 68

____ evaluates all coagulation proteins, used to monitor coumadin

Answer 68

prothrombin time