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HK 191 > MT2 Chap 17 - Blood and Blood vessels > Flashcards

MT2 Chap 17 - Blood and Blood vessels Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

overall goal of the system is

A

to transport O2 and nutrients to tissues of body, and remove CO2 and metabolic wastes from body

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2
Q

Arteries

A

move blood away from heart

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3
Q

Veins

A

move blood to heart

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4
Q

Capillaries

A

allow for transport of gases and nutrients into and out of the blood

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5
Q

Function of Cardiovascular System

A
  • Transports
  • Regulates pH and ions [ ]
  • Restriction of fluid loss
  • Defence against toxins and pathogens
  • Stabilization of body temp
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6
Q

Total fluid is what % of body weight

A

60%

  • 40% of intracellular fluid: fluid inside cells
  • 20% extracellular fluid: fluid outside cells
  • —80% Interstitial fluid: water surrounding cells
  • —20% plasma: water in blood stream
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7
Q

55% of blood is

A

plasma

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8
Q

blood plasma contains and doesn’t contain ….

A
  • Contains: dissolved protein (involved in transport and clotting), dissolved gases, electrolytes and organic nutrients.
  • Does not contain: collagen and elastin
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9
Q

Leukocytes = WBCs involved in

A

immune response

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10
Q

Albumin

A

60% of plasma protein

-transporting lipid

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11
Q

Globulins

A
  • 35% of plasma proteins

- includes antibodies and transport globulins produced in the liver

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12
Q

Antibodies

A

-specialized proteins involved in immunity

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13
Q

Fibrinogen and Prothrombin

A
  • 4% of plasma protein
  • produced in liver
  • involved in blood clotting
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14
Q

Lipoproteins

A
  • produced in liver

- involved in transporting triglycerides and cholesterol

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15
Q

Hormones and enzymes

A

specialized functions

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16
Q

Source of most plasma proteins

A

liver

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17
Q

Small amounts of ____ & ___ are dissolved in blood

A

oxygen and CO2

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18
Q

What plays a more important role in gas transport?

A

RBC and bicarbonate

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19
Q

Monosaccharides, amino acids, a water soluble vitamins are ….

A

nutrients

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20
Q

lactate breaks down products from

A

glucose

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21
Q

urea breaks down products from

A

protein

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22
Q

uric acid breaks down products from

A

DNA/ RNA

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23
Q

Creatinine breaks down products from

A

Creatine phosphate

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24
Q

Bilirubin breaks down products from

A

hemoglobin

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25
Hematocrit
% by volume of blood that is formed elements - Male 46% - Female 42%
26
Erythrocytes | Structure :
- no nucleus | - full of hemoglobin
27
Erythrocyte production requires
folic acid and vitamin b12
28
Erythrocytes function:
transport O2 and CO2
29
Erythrocytes significance of shape
- large SA - form stacks - Bend and flex
30
Neutrophils
most abundant phagocyte in blood
31
Eosinophils
destroy parasitic worms
32
Basophils
release histamine and heparin
33
Lymphocytes
- involved in antibody production - WBCs - HAVE nucleus - function: defense
34
Monocytes
can leave blood stream and differentiate into Macrophages
35
platelets
- Anuclear (w/o nucleus) - involved in blood clotting - formed from larger Megakaryocytes - 2/3 circulating - 1/3 in spleen
36
All blood cells are formed in ___ from a common blood stem cell, ____
bone marrow, hemocytoblast
37
Hemopoiesis
formed elements of blood develop
38
Rate of erythropoiesis is measured by
the # of immature RBCs in the peripheral circulation
39
reticulocytes or retics
immature RBCs
40
normal range is 1-2% of RBCs being
retics
41
what % of blood is RBCs
45%
42
During differentiation RBCs synthesize large amounts of the protein ____. Once hemoglobin production is complete, the RBCs ___ ___ ___ and organelles
Hemoglobin eject their nucleus
43
once differentiated, RBC cannot
replicate, synthesize protein or produce ATP
44
Anemia is a condition of
insufficient RBCs or hemoglobin
45
Polycythemia is a condition of
excess number of RBCs
46
Hemorrhagic Anemia is the result of
precipitous blood loss
47
RBC production is controlled by
O2 saturation in blood
48
RBC production requires
Fe, Protein, vitamins B12 and folic acid
49
WBC location
- Most: in connective tissue or organs in lymphoid system (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes) - Small portion: circulate blood stream
50
What differentiates the 2 groups of WBC?
whether they contain conspicuous chemical-filled cytoplasmic granules (when stained)
51
WBC type: Granulocytes
include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
52
WBC type: Agranulocytes
are the monocytes and lymphocytes
53
Special properties of circulating WBCs
- Diapedesis: process of squeezing out of capillaries and entering tissue - Amoeboid movement - Positive chemotaxis - Phagocytosis
54
Chemicals released by microbes and inflamed tissues attract phagocytes, a phenomenon called
chemotaxis
55
3 stages to hemostasis
1. vascular spasms 2. Platelet Plug formation 3. Coagulation
56
Vascular Spasm phase
minimize blood loss while next steps take place
57
Platelet phase
- platelets stick to endothelial cells and exposed collagen fibres - becomes a plug and releases chemical messengers
58
Coagulation
blood clotting
59
2 stages of recovery
1. Clot retraction | 2. Fibrinolysis
60
Clot retraction
- occurs once platelets and RBCs entangled in fibrin mesh | - platelets contract by pulling torn edges of vessel closer together, reducing the size of damaged area
61
Fibrinolysis
- as repairs take place, clot dissolves | - as enzyme plasmin digests fibrin
62
Systemic Circulation
- supplies tissues with nutrient and oxygen-rich blood - begins in left ventricle and pumped out of aorta - Deoxygenated blood returns to right atrium via superior and inferior vena cava
63
Pulmonary Circulation
- Deoxygenated blood pumped by right ventricle through pulmonary arteries to capillaries in lungs where its oxygenated - Oxygenated blood returns to left atrium through pulmonary veins
64
Cardiac Perfusion
- heart receives its own blood through coronary arteries, which branch off aorta - heart only receives blood during relaxation
65
3 layer of blood vessels (3 tunics)
- Tunica Intima (only in arteries) - Tunica Media - Tunica Externa
66
Tunica Intima
- one layer of endothelial cells | - reduces friction btwn the vessel walls and blood
67
Tunica Media
- made of smooth muscle and elastic tissue | - controls vasoconstriction and vasodilation
68
Tunica Externa
- composed of collagen | - protects, reinforces and anchors the vessel
69
Elastic arteries
- largest arteries - aorta and pulmonary trunk - transports large volumes
70
Muscular Arteries
-carries blood to skeletal muscle and organs
71
Arterioles
-branch within organs
72
Function of Arterioles
- control local distribution of blood to capillary beds | - Help regulate BP
73
Capillaries
- consists of endothelial tube inside a delicate basal lamina - 2 way exchange
74
Vasomotion
constriction/ dilation of precapillary sphincter
75
Factors influencing flow through veins
- low pressure in right atria - gravity - Sympathetic Input - "Muscular Pump" - Respiratory pump

HK 191 (6 decks)

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